Deuterostomes Mcgraw Q's

Birds, mammals, lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodiles form a group known as the _______

amniotes

The openings in the skulls of synapsids are located

behind the eyes

Which of the following is greatly enlarged in birds that have evolved the ability for powered flight?

breastbone

Vertebrate evolution is thought to have begun in the

cambrian

The skeleton of Chondrichthyans is made of

cartilage

The fossilized remains of Archaeopteryx

contains impressions of feathers.

The order Crocodylia includes

crocodiles alligators caimans gharials

Amphibians are sometimes called

damp-skinned vertebrates

Which birds have beaks that are flat and good for shoveling through mud?

ducks

What features that are unique to mammals among vertebrates?

hair and mammary glands

The five defining features of fish include the gills, fins, circulatory system, nutritional deficiencies, and

jaws

____ have chordate larval forms, which metamorphose into sessile, filter-feeding adults that bear little resemblance to other chordates.

tunicates

The nonvertebrate chordate subphyla are

urochordata and cephalochordata

Frogs and toads lay their eggs in

water

According to our current fossil record, how many species of the genus Homo have existed (Homo sapiens)?

3 to 7

Roughly how many species of mammals do we recognize at present?

5,000

Choose the two major groups of hominids found in the fossil record.

Australopithecus Homo

include apes and humans and their direct ancestors

Hominids

Organisms with spiny skin that exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults, and have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates, are known as the

Echinoderms Echinodermata

Which characteristics are absent in tunicates and lancelets but are present in vertebrates?

Enclosed dorsal nerve cord Three pairs of well developed sensory organs Brain encased in skull

What are the characteristics of echinoderms?

Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates Adults have pentaradial symmetry Deuterostome development

What best describes symmetry in echinoderms?

Free-swimming larvae have bilateral symmetry, while the adult form is pentaradially symmetrical

What are some of the key features that characterize amphibians?

Partially divided heart Legs Cutaneous respiration

What is the largest bird order?

Passeriformes

The two major clades of amniotes are the

synapsids and diapsids

Amphibians are a clade of the

tetrapods

The jaw muscles of synapsids are anchored to

the openings in the skull behind the eyes.

Despite how different their sessile, filter-feeding adult forms seem, larval _____ clearly display chordate features.

tunicates

The chordate subphyla are Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and

vertebrata

The _____ vascular system aids echinoderms in movement and feeding

water

Mammals first evolved about

220 MYA

Put the stages of frog reproduction in the correct order, beginning at the top with the release of gametes.

1. Fertilized eggs hatch into aquatic tadpoles 2. Tadpoles grow in water where they feed on algae 3. Metamorphosis occurs

Vertebrate evolution is believed to have begun

545 mya.

What characteristics are found in vertebrates, but not tunicates or lancelets?

A distinct head Vertebrae

What are the major groups of bony fish?

Actinopterygii Actinistia Dipnoi

Members of this phylum are characterized by a hollow dorsal nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, and a postanal tail.

Chordata

Choose all features typical of most bony fishes.

Highly mobile fins Internal skeleton made of bone

What are the key (defining) features of jawed fishes?

Single-loop circulation Nutritional deficiencies Internal gills A vertebral column Paired appendages

Which group is characterized by the presence of four membranes in the embryonic development and includes the mammals, crocodiles, turtles, birds, snakes, and lizards?

amniotes

_____ were the first terrestrial vertebrates.

amphibians

Humans belong to the mammalian order

primates

Aerated blood is pumped through the

pulmonary veins

What organisms are in the class Asteroidea?

sea stars

Bony fish have a bony ____ and a skin covered in plates or _____

skeleton; scales

All amphibians can exchange gases through their

skin