Dev Final (chapters 12-22)
3. A man comes to the first visit and says his main goal is to be able to take care of himself so as not to be aren't a burden to his daughter. An assessment aimed at identifying the strengths and interfering factors to this goal is considered: a. A top-down assessment b. A bottom-up assessment c. A predictive screening tool d. A standardized assessment
A
10. Which of the following indicates the difference between extended families and kinship networks? a. Kinship networks include people who are chosen by mutual interests or affection. b. Family members may NOT be excluded from a kinship network, but nonfamily members MAY be excluded from an extended family. c. Extended families are always larger and involve at least three generations. d. There is no difference between extended families and kinship networks.
A
3. Sensory acuity is at its peak in early adulthood. a. True b. False
A
2. Disability acquired in young adulthood is likely: a. To threaten career and relationship dreams b. To have little impact as young adults are already established in their intimacy roles c. To be accepted calmly as an ordinary life event d. All of these
A
3. Whether the disability is visible or invisible matters because it influences the social reaction to how the person's limitations are perceived. a. True b. False
A
2. Pervasive and chronic differences in development such as intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, and autism fall into the category of: a. Developmental disability b. Asynchronous development c. Developmental delay d. Normalized conditions
A
(chapter 13) 1. Hemispheric specialization is associated with: a. The development of hand dominance and the myelination of the corpus callosum b. Refinement in dynamic balance and a lowered center of gravity c. Asynchronous development and improved eye-hand coordination d. Improved metalinguistic abilities and vocabulary expansion
A
10. A person observes her neighbors enjoying participation in a mall walking program for seniors and decides to give it a try. This is an example of health behavior adoption from which theoretical paradigm? a. Social cognitive b. Transtheoretical c. Risk reduction d. Health belief model
A
10. Cardiovascular endurance and aerobic capacity during adolescence: a. Are at or near peak values in the life span b. Show a brief decline due to the rapid growth c. Are fairly stable through adolescence; not a lot of change d. None of the above
A
10. In the absence of disease or disability, most older adults retain their independence in ADLs well past the age of 80. a. True b. False
A
10. The influence of advertising targeting children and the sedentary nature of television viewing have led to concerns about possible long-term lifestyle influences of young viewers: a. True b. False
A
10. The most common types of trauma seen in children are burns, traumatic brain injuries, and limb amputations. a. True b. False
A
4. Which of the following statements about hand dominance is true? a. It tends to be clearly developed by age 5 or 6. b. Mixed dominance is considered abnormal. c. It often develops earlier in boys than in girls. d. It is not related to the development of dexterity.
A
6. An occupational transition is: a. A major change in the occupational repertoire of a person in which one or several occupations change, disappear, and/or are replaced with others b. A period in which environmental modifications are used to help older adults function in the workplace c. A change of focus from health to quality of life d. The final year before retirement when a person plans to have his or her work carried on by others
A
6. Community, social, and civic engagement benefits midlife volunteers in that it has been shown to improve personal well-being and reduce depression. a. True b. False
A
7. All of the following statements about the disability rights movement are true EXCEPT: a. It is an organized political movement aimed at establishing the right for people with disabilities to develop and dwell in segregated communities where they will have peers with disabilities and can exclude nondisabled residents. b. It is a social action movement to raise public awareness and secure equal opportunities and rights for people with disabilities. c. A movement for people with physical disabilities, in which accessibility and safety are primary issues to reform. d. Advocates for the rights of people with cognitive and mental disabilities have focused mainly on self- determination, self-advocacy, and access to housing where individuals can live independently.
A
7. Counseling a client to quit smoking, according to the health belief model is most likely to be effective if: a. The person's "decisional balance" is in favor of action due to perceived risk/benefit b. The client is older c. The client believes he or she can quit smoking d. The client decides the behavior in question, such as smoking, has no relationship to overall health
A
7. Excessive acute stressors are most typical of which adult life stage? a. Early adulthood b. Middle adulthood c. Late adulthood d. Stressors are personal with no life stage trend in them
A
8. Contemporary young adults value parenthood more highly than marriage. a. True b. False
A
8. Tests at the participation level usually: a. Are surveys with self-report b. Are filled out by direct observation of the client c. Are not benchmarks of health outcomes d. Are not relevant in most settings
A
8. The term sandwich generation is used to describe: a. The necessity of middle-age adults to care for both children and parents b. Responsibility for IADLs, such as meal preparation c. The fact that adulthood is a time of declining function d. The midlife crisis
A
8. Throughout the preschool years, children learn through play and mastery of skills that they have some control over their world and can cause desired change. This belief is called: a. Self-efficacy b. Body image c. Executive attention d. Self-regulation
A
8. Which of the following is true of substance abuse in adolescence? a. Adolescents often experiment with and abuse both legal and illicit substances. b. Substance abuse is primarily a problem among teens from low socioeconomic status. c. Substance abuse occurs but it does not present a major health problem among teens. d. All of these are true.
A
9. An approach to improving health and wellness by preventing and managing chronic conditions through building healthier lifestyles in community-centered small groups led by a facilitator is known as: a. Lifestyle Redesign b. Risk management c. Resilience training d. Health coaching
A
9. Enablement theory was developed to describe the fact that: a. Assessment not directly done on the problem that is the target of the intervention requires "enabling" links b. Assessment enables the development of a treatment plan c. Assessment should be ongoing d. Assessment is not necessary is most settings, but is enabled at certain points in the course of intervention
A
9. Malina has osteogenesis imperfecta, a medical condition that makes it impossible for her to engage in sports. Her parents have invested in a home theater system, and Malina frequently invites friends over to watch movies and play video games on the big screen. For Malina, this home theater system serves as a source of: a. Social capital b. Sensory integration c. Cooperative play d. Friendship
A
Stability limits are: a. The distance in any direction an individual can lean away from midline without altering the base of support b. The point at which dynamic postural control fails and the individual must use static postural control c. The term that describes the influence of an individual's posture on skilled hand use d. An indication of immature postural control skills
A
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of symbolic play? a. It emerges early in the preschool period, around age 2. b. It involves play with language. c. It supports the development of children's abilities to express ideas, feelings, and experiences. d. It can include play in special media such as painting or drawing.
A
(chapter 15) 1. Developmental screening tests, such as those pediatricians use, are designed to: a. Diagnose common conditions like ADHD and autism b. Compare the performance of children to their same-aged peers c. Be sensitive to small deviations from average d. Determine if parents understand their child's developmental progress
B
(chapter 16) 1. A distinct difference between adolescence and young adulthood is: a. Engagement in paid work b. Removal of pre-established life goals c. Participation in romantic and sexual relationships d. All of these
B
(chapter 18) 1. A major reason why the focus in adults is on physiological aging, instead of chronological aging, is that: a. Many older people lie about their ages b. Common diseases or pathologies can accelerate the aging process and increase the functional decline c. Death rates have declined in the elderly d. Lifestyle and behavioral factors have little influence on the aging process
B
10. During conversation with your client's family, they express that they will not consider nursing home placement and that having mom move in with them is out of the question. You are concerned as mom is unable to live on her own safely and needs help with all IADLs. A reasonable solution to this dilemma would be: a. To let her go home alone and hope that it works b. A temporary "cottage" designed for the elderly that can be placed on the family's property c. To call the domestic violence hotline and report the family for neglect d. Nursing home placement (no other alternative exists)
B
10. Historically, civic involvement in early adulthood is best described as: a. Centered on the workplace and work-related issues b. Episodic in nature and at the lowest level it will be in the adult years c. Very idealistic and intense, at the highest level it will be in the adult years d. Very gender-segregated, with men being much more interested and engaged in civic activities than women
B
2. Specificity is a term associated with screening tests. It means: a. The test is able to estimate the probability that an individual has the condition b. The test is able to differentiate individuals who do and do not have the condition c. The test should avoid false negatives d. All of these
B
2. The term prevalence refers to: a. New cases of a disease per year b. Number of cases of a disease in the population at any given time c. How much public attention is tuned to the disease d. How often the disease occurs over a life span
B
3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT: a. A child's family is an important influence on the child's development, and a strong predictor of emotional well-being. b. All parents of children with chronic conditions live in a state of chronic stress. c. Having a child with any type of chronic health or developmental condition places additional demands on families. d. The greatest challenges are reported by parents of children with severe disabilities.
B
3. Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are caused by: a. Poor nutrition and poor hydration b. Degeneration of joint surfaces and demineralization of bones c. Hypokinesis and presbyastasis d. All of these
B
3. The ability to remember how to get from the classroom to the cafeteria in the school is best defined as an example of: a. Haptic perception b. Cognitive mapping c. Metacognition d. Sensory integration
B
3. The feeling of anxiety and tensions that arise when there is a conflict in the demands of roles is called: a. An episodic stressor b. Role strain c. Midlife crisis d. Empty nest syndrome
B
3. Which of the following is the best description of flow in motor control as it is typically seen in the preschool child? a. Movement is highly refined and graceful. b. Movement is largely competent for functional tasks, but retains elements of immaturity. c. The child is still unable to demonstrate sufficient coordination for complex tasks such as dancing. d. None of these.
B
4. Much of the loss of neural tissue associated with aging occurs in the myelinated structures of the white matter. The result of this is: a. Increased myoneural junction transmission rate b. Reduced psychomotor speed c. Reduced persistence in motor tasks d. Increased muscle atrophy
B
4. When people cannot aspire to independence in the performance of daily occupations, the focus changes to consider: a. How they can qualify for the highest level of welfare payment to have a comfortable lifestyle b. How they may control their destiny with as little assistance from others as possible. c. At what point they should permanently settle in a residential care facility d. All of these
B
4. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the biologic changes of adolescence? a. They are multifactorial in age of onset. b. They are determined solely by the influence of gonadotrophic hormones. c. They are sensitive to effects of heredity and environment. d. They are typically initiated one to two years earlier in girls than boys.
B
5. Intellectual disability (ID) is the current terminology suggested to replace the term: a. Learning disability b. Mental retardation c. Depression d. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
B
5. The standard against which the end result of a healthcare intervention is assessed is commonly known as a: a. Goal b. Outcome measure c. Result d. Test or measure
B
5. The subcategories "acquisition of necessities," "acquisition of goods and services," "household tasks," "caring for household objects," and "assisting others" are all part of the larger ICF category: a. Self-care b. Domestic life c. General tasks and demands d. Community, social, and civic life
B
5. Which of the following is NOT a common age-related change in the cardiovascular system? a. Decreased cardiac output b. Increased lipid metabolism c. Increased peripheral vascular resistance d. Decreased cardiac reserve
B
5. Which of the following is true about how health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may reflect a disability paradox? a. Quality of life seems to be seen only in absence of disease. b. Quality of life is often reported by individuals to be better than an observer might report. c. Therapists can always determine HRQOL by level of disability. d. None of these is true.
B
5. Which of the following is true about the educational experiences of adults living with disabling conditions? a. People with low self-expectations or negative experiences in childhood educational settings usually can regroup and often seek further education as adults. b. People with negative experiences in educational settings may choose to leave school early, and this decision can have a lasting negative impact on adult lifestyles. c. People with lifelong disabilities often have educational achievements consistent with their abilities. This is not true of people with acquired disabilities. d. People with disabling conditions are unlikely to be successful in higher education settings, so the focus of therapy support should be on ADL, IADL, and leisure participation.
B
6. The process of "trying on" different roles in various settings, such as home, school, and other social settings to explore personal values, spirituality, racial and ethnic identity, sexuality, and gender is called: a. Occupational role development b. Identity formation c. Resilience d. Gender identity
B
6. When the muscles that make up the flexible arches support hand movements to effectively grasp differently shaped objects, direct the skilled movements of the fingers, and grade the power of grasps, it is called: a. Finger isolation b. Hand shaping c. Radial digital grasp d. Power grasping
B
7. Children typically know the use of everyday objects including household and self-care tools and have the skills to begin using these objects by: a. 3 years of age b. 5 years of age c. The time they have developed a skilled release pattern d. None of these
B
7. Therapists who want to support aging in place in their communities should advocate for: a. Change in the zoning of residential neighborhoods to allow nursing homes and other residential care facilities b. Efficient public transportation and downsized manageable housing c. Restricting the development of the communities as "service sector" d. None of these
B
9. People who did not receive strong behavioral support in childhood and those who need but do not have access to ongoing behavioral support as adults are likely to be well supported in traditional community integration programs. a. True b. False
B
9. The vocational choice models developed Ginzberg and by Super are similar in that they are: a. Very contemporary, using current trends in vocational development as supports b. Offering continuous career path models based on older data c. Offering models to address men with discontinuous vocational paths, but do not address women d. All of these
B
(chapter 14) 1. Which of the following is true of occupational roles in adolescence? a. They are patterns of behavior that parents identify for teens to offer guidance about expected behaviors and responsibilities in specific defined situations. b. Occupational roles are consistent across cultures, with similarity in roles based on age group rather than culture. c. Occupational roles may overlap, and role conflicts often become stressors for typical teens. d. Occupational role is another term for career aspirations, as teens model the dress and behavior of people who are successful in their desired career.
C
(chapter 17) 1. Mercedes is 32 years old and has three children, the oldest of whom is 16 years old. She has worked as a secretary at the same business for 10 years and describes herself as middle-aged because she is very settled, careful, and conservative. This is an example of which type of age: a. Biological age b. Psychological age c. Social age d. Economic age
C
(chapter 20) 1. Wellness is best conceived as: a. Absence of disease b. An improvement in health over a time frame of intervention c. A state of physical, mental, and social well-being d. An attitudinal state
C
(chapter 22) 1. Which of the following describes tests and measures? a. Should not require specialized training to administer b. Are primarily used to determine need for further assessment c. Should be objective, reliable, and valid d. Are rarely used by health professionals
C
2. The Tanner or sex maturity rating (SMR) scale is: a. A common rating of social adjustment in adolescence b. A rating of vocational interests and personality type c. A rating of physical maturity d. A rating of school matriculation performance
C
2. The central tasks of middle adulthood (ages 45 to 65) described in the textbook include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Expressing love through more than sexual contacts b. Being proud of accomplishments of self and mate/spouse c. Emotionally detaching themselves from aging parents d. Maintaining a standard of living
C
3. A therapist recommends night splints to prevent worsening of the existing deformity for a person with rheumatoid arthritis. This is an example of: a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Anticipatory guidance
C
3. The areas of adolescent brain development that are most strongly associated with improved planning and modulation of movement is: a. The prefrontal cortex b. The limbic system c. The striatal system d. The parietal lobe
C
4. The onset of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorders typically manifest in: a. Childhood when the child is attending school and unable to conform to the learning and behavioral demands of the classroom b. The first year of life when the infant demonstrates significant delays in the development of motor skills c. The preschool years, but deficits may not become fully obvious until social communication demands exceed the child's limited capacities d. Adolescence when relationships become nuanced and complex as the young person has to function in multiple occupational roles
C
4. Which of the following best defines "health equity"? a. The study of the costs of health to people in differing age brackets b. The governmental strategies to address a lack of employer-supported health insurance c. The study of differences in the quality of health and health care across different populations d. The participation in wellness and prevention programs to build "equity" and reduce the likelihood of disability later in life
C
5. The ability to visually track an object to a target area and then make a physical response to the object (such as catching or hitting it) is called: a. Psychomotor integration b. Asynchronous development c. Coincidence-anticipation timing d. Haptic perception
C
5. Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of precision grasp? a. Mass use of the fingers b. Wrist slightly flexed c. Wrist and hand unsupported d. Dominant hand use only
C
6. In the book chapter, a discussion of dynamometry concludes that: a. Dynamometry is not a commonly used standard measure b. Dynamometry will determine if a person can pick up a teakettle c. Dynamometry measures will correlate with but won't predict ability to do functional tasks with the hand d. Dynamometry has little reliability or validity
C
6. Public policy and initiative supporting accessibility in public places such as parks, theaters, and recreational facilities: a. Is unnecessary because people with disabilities have access to leisure opportunities that nondisabled people have b. Is nice, but not necessary because people with disabilities understand that it would cost a lot to include them c. Is essential to supporting healthy adult lifestyles and should be advocated for by all people, including therapists working with people with disabling conditions d. Is excessive and a waste of taxpayer money, as people with disabilities already have access to a free and appropriate public education
C
6. The fact that African American individuals sustain a higher rate of death due to cardiovascular disease is an example of: a. Lifestyle design issues b. Genetic differences in health risk c. Health disparity d. Secondary risk factors
C
6. Which of the following examples best illustrates effective working memory? a. Saying info over and over (out loud or in one's head) to remember it b. Focusing study of a topic following a failure, to process info into memory due to lack of attention or rehearsal c. Actively considering properties of numbers to do mathematics problems mentally (without paper and pencil) d. Repeating back a series of digits immediately after hearing them
C
6. Which of the following statements is true? a. Learning disability is a condition that is limited to academic learning problems and is seldom associated with other issues such as impairments in coordination or self-regulation. b. The single biggest child characteristic that is associated with limits in family participation in everyday occupations is motor function/motor coordination. c. Any condition that keeps children from experiencing the challenges and social exchanges that characterize childhood and adolescence can have a lasting impact on self-image and educational success. d. Children diagnosed with developmental delay do not have the potential to catch up.
C
7. All of the following are true of figure-ground perception EXCEPT: a. It can help individuals to isolate important salient sounds, such as a call for help, while ignoring unimportant sounds in the environment. b. It matures between the ages of 4 and 13. c. It is a visual skill used in reading, and does not involve other types of sensory information. d. It important in developing skill in many self-care and academic tasks.
C
7. Peer conformity, the behavioral response to peer pressure, is: a. Usually a negative influence leading to risk taking b. A negative influence on the parent-child relationship c. At its height in early adolescence d. Prevalent in girls but not in boys
C
7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of standardized tests? a. Data analysis is easy. b. They have strong psychometric properties. c. Test scores are objective and meaningful without interpretation. d. Reference group data may be compiled.
C
8. The recommended strategies for supporting siblings of children with special needs is to: a. Protect siblings by not talking to them about their sibling's disorder b. Minimize interruptions to the siblings' routine c. Help them understand what their sibling's disability is and what to expect in the future d. Help them recognize the weaknesses of their sibling, and to limit their expectations due to their sibling's disability
C
9. The _______________ stage is Schaie and Willis' stage associated with the establishment of a family, and complex cognitive skills are required as responsibilities for others are acquired on the job and in the community. a. Acquisitive b. Achieving c. Responsible d. Executive
C
9. The first experience with the occupational role of employee often happens during adolescence, and this experience uniquely serves to: a. Teach about personal hygiene and appearance expectations in social contexts b. Provide advantages in school progression c. Expose the teen to the social and cultural expectations of the workplace d. Expand communication skills in interacting with members of the opposite sex
C
9. Which of the following is associated with a fear of falling? a. Presbycusis b. Presbyopia c. Presbyastasis d. Presbyphonia
C
Haptic perception is: a. The ability to process sensory information related to coordinated movement b. The ability to perceive pain c. The ability to process discriminative touch information with memory d. The ability to determine if you have something in your palm
C
(chapter 12) 1. Three-year-old children are usually not able to adequately perform complex, coordinated bimanual movements such as buttoning small buttons or tying shoes because of: a. Poor postural control b. Cognitive immaturity c. Lack of hand dominance d. Absence of in-hand manipulation
D
(chapter 19) 1. All of the following are true of acquired disability in adulthood EXCEPT: a. They change your priorities and your worldview. b. They impact and change your self-concept. c. The impact is cumulative over time. d. They result in a low motivation to succeed.
D
10. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: a. Has a schema for scoring health outcomes b. Provides a systematic scoring system across the dimensions c. Has impacted assessment and documentation in rehabilitation professions d. All of these
D
10. Which of the following is true of the impact of poverty on childhood development? a. Children living in poverty are at higher risk for physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioral problems. b. Poverty influences the environments children learn in, and can be associated with more accidents and injuries. c. Poverty is associated with high levels of personal stress and puts children at risk for mental health problems. d. All of these are true.
D
2. Successful aging is characterized by: a. Low incidence of chronic disease b. High level of engagement and participation c. High levels of function d. All of these
D
2. Which of the following is characteristic of health patterns in early adulthood? a. They develop extreme consciousness of healthy lifestyle including a focus on cardiovascular fitness. b. They develop awareness of safety and acceptance of health-promoting strategies such as "safe sex." c. Stress poses an extreme health risk and results in both cardiovascular and mental health problems. d. Individuals often spend less time in exercise or sports activities and pay less attention to their health than they did during adolescence.
D
2. Which of the following statements about the development of body schema is true? a. Body schema tends to develop by age 6. b. Body schema combines sensory awareness and memory. c. Body schema allows children to engage in play such as crawling in and out of spaces. d. All of these are true.
D
4. Stress hardiness is: a. Absence of chronic stressors due to time spent in planning and a focus on personal wellness b. The poor awareness of stressors, which leads to lower stressor reactivity c. The point at which, after prolonged exposure to chronic stressors, an individual no longer feels stress d. A mindset exhibited by an individual that makes him or her resistant to the negative impacts of stressful circumstances and events
D
4. Which of the following differentiates qualitative from quantitative assessment methods? a. Quantitative assessment is likely to be more reliable. b. Qualitative assessment relies heavily on professional expertise. c. Quantitative assessments are more objective. d. All of these are true.
D
4. Which of the following is considered a determinant of health? a. Biology b. Access to health services c. Individual behaviors d. All of these
D
5. Injury risk in competitive sports participation for adolescents is correlated to? a. History of prior injury b. Sport readiness, including both cognitive and psychomotor elements. c. Early sport specialization and associated specialized intensive training d. All of these are associated with injury risk
D
5. The contemporary trend is for working adults in their middle adult years to expect to: a. Retire early and pursue leisure interests b. Begin a phased retirement program, or engage in bridge employment starting at age 60 c. Retire at age 65 d. Postpone retirement past age 65 or never retire
D
6. Within a household, all other things being equal, the bulk of the household tasks are usually done by: a. The youngest members of the group b. The males c. The oldest members of the group d. The females
D
7. Which of the following is NOT an example of a co-occupation? a. A marital partnership b. Parenting c. Teammates in an organized sport d. Being a casual worker in a business
D
7. White coat syndrome, a fear of doctors and others (wearing white coats) in health care settings, is a form of: a. Childhood depression b. Parental stress response c. Rebellion against authority d. Anxiety behavior
D
8. "I choose not to fire the aide who was stealing from me, because I need her assistance. Last time I tried to hire an aide, there was not one available for more than three months and I had to go into a nursing home. This aide has a key to my home and knows all of my routines. If I fire her, I not only risk going back to the nursing home but also I risk her retaliation." This is a story about: a. Deinstitutionalization b. The sandwich generation c. Self-determination d. Domestic violence
D
8. All of the following mental functions are likely to stay intact throughout late adulthood in healthy elders EXCEPT: a. Orientation functions b. Intellectual functions c. Temperament and personality functions d. Attention functions
D
8. Which of the following statements is not true about play in middle childhood? a. Cooperative play emerges. b. Children begin to engage in sports. c. Play does not have to be structured. d. Play is unimportant and begins to be replaced by a focus on school achievement.
D
8. Which of the following statements is true of fall prevention programs? a. May help reduce mortality and morbidity b. May be based in the community c. Should include an assessment of environmental barriers d. All of these
D
9. In choosing leisure and play activities, children and youths with disabilities express a desire to participate actively in: a. Digital and computer-based activities that do not require good motor control or cardiovascular endurance b. Special after-school programs aimed at helping them keep up academically c. Therapy programs such as hippotherapy and aquatic therapy d. The same types of activities as their counterparts without disabilities
D