Dev Psych Ch 8 & 9 Test

dysgraphia.

Sandra is a nine-year-old girl. She was always the last student in class to finish assignments because she could only write slowly, and even then, her writing would be virtually illegible and riddled with spelling mistakes. Her teacher referred her to a psychologist who diagnosed her with a learning disability called

whole

The ________-language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning.

emotion-coaching

The children of ________ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, are more effective in regulating their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents.

empathy

When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad, Selena says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy. Selena is exhibiting

moral development

Which of the following involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people?

The nature of parents' work has more influence on children's development than whether a parent works outside the home.

Which of the following is true of how parents' work affects the development of their children?

High blood pressure goes undiagnosed in 75 percent of children with the disease.

Which of the following statements is true about cardiovascular disease in children?

students with a learning disability.

Which was the largest group of students with a disability to be served by federal programs and receive special education in the 2012-2013 school year?

Asperger syndrome

________ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder in which the child has relatively good verbal language skills, milder nonverbal language problems, and a restricted range of interests and relationships.

emotion-coaching

________ parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner, use more scaffolding and praise, and are more nurturant than are emotion-dismissing parents.

Estrogens

________ promote the development of female physical sex characteristics.

produced positive outcomes in the area of social reasoning.

A meta-analysis of studies in 14 countries by Mares and Pan (2013) found that children's shows such as Sesame Street:

three years later

A recent study revealed that peak thickness of the cerebral cortex occurs ________ in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD.

Initiative vs guilt

According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is

ambitious mates who could provide their children with resources and protection.

According to evolutionary psychologists, natural selection favored females who chose

the verbatim memory trace

According to fuzzy trace theory, ________ consists of the precise details of the information.

Aiden has an intellectual disability.

Aiden is 18 years old. He has always found it harder to cope with his studies than his siblings do. He is always the last to finish any assignment or task in class. In a recent IQ test, his IQ score was 60. Which of the following is true of Aiden?

Her IQ score is above the majority of the population.

Amber is given a Stanford-Binet intelligence test. Her mental age is determined to be 14, and her chronological age is 10. Which of the following is true of Amber?

Anne's mother smoked cigarettes and consumed alcohol frequently while pregnant.

Anne, a 10-year-old girl, has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which of the following scenarios would have most likely caused this disability?

gist

At some point during the early elementary school years, children begin to use ________ more and, according to fuzzy trace theory, this contributes to the improved memory and reasoning of older children.

Bernice and Jessica are the same with regard to popularity and mental health.

Bernice is raised by two lesbian mothers, whereas Jessica is raised by a heterosexual couple. According to research, it is most likely that

emotion-coaching parent

Brianna is extremely upset because she got scolded by her teacher. Her mother decides to facilitate an open discussion about what happened and why Brianna is upset to help her figure out how to deal with the negative emotions. Her mother's approach of talking to Brianna about her emotions indicates that Brianna's mother is a(n) ________.

reside in a single, specific brain location.

Carl's son has been diagnosed with a learning disability. Since then, Carl has spent a significant amount of time understanding the causes of his disability. He learns that even though several research studies have been conducted, the precise causes have not yet been determined. He comes across a research finding that indicates that it is unlikely that learning disabilities

the parents have difficulty providing an intellectually stimulating environment for their children.

Considering how early intervention programs to improve intellectual development have shown marked improvements in the IQ of participants, it can be inferred that the main reason children from low SES families earn lower scores on IQ tests is that

autonomous morality

Dante is a 10-year-old boy who likes to play soccer during recess. One day, a friend teaches him a different set of rules about the game. Dante accepts the rules and now plays soccer in a new way. Dante is in which stage of moral development?

Studies show that a higher level of screen time increases the risk of obesity for low- and high-activity children.

During a workshop for mothers, one of the topics of discussion was the increasing use of cell phones and other gadgets by children. During the session, the speaker requested parents to monitor their children's screen time and stressed the importance of exercise in a child's physical development. She requested parents to exercise more often so that their children would be encouraged to spend less time with their gadgets and more time involved in physical activities. Which of the following statements explains why the speaker put forth this request?

authoritative parenting

In which parenting style do parents show pleasure and support in response to children's constructive behavior?

a combination of stimulant medication and behavior management

Jana's doctor is treating her for ADHD. Which of the following treatment plans would her doctor most likely recommend to achieve better results?

heteronomous moralist.

Julie believes that Jason's accidental act of breaking 12 plates is worse than Peter intentionally breaking two plates. Julie can be best described as a(n)

authoritative parent

Logan is a warm and loving parent, but he also has high expectations of his kids. As Logan encourages independent and age-appropriate behavior from his children, Baumrind would classify him as a(n)