Developmental Psychology, Ch 14 Adolescent Biosocial development concepts, Child Growth and Dev. Ch. 14-16 plus some comprehensive, Lifespan Final Review Chapter 7 - 15, Puberty Begins and Nutrition, Life Span Ch. 8-9, PSY 160 CH 9, Psych quiz 9

Four areas of Identity Formation

1. Religious 2. Political 3. Vocational 4. Sexual

In girls, the average age for the breast bud stage is:

10

Pubic hair begins to appear at what age

10 years, 8 months is the approximate age when pubic hairs begin to appear during puberty for girls.

Peak height spurt for girls

11 years, 6 moths

At which of the following ages would you expect acute self-consciousness to be at its highest?

12

Which age group has the highest rate of substantiated sexual abuse?

12 to 15

The current average age of menarche among well-nourished girls is

12 years, 4 months

In 2008, the average age of menarche among well-nourished girls was:

12 years, 8 months.

Child sexual abuse is most common in children ages

12-15

Julie and her mother argue everyday about the clothing Julie wants to wear, her curfew, and helping out around the house. Julie is probably _____ years old.

13

First ovulation for girls

13 years is the approximate age when the first ovulation occurs during puberty for girls.

In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, a child who systematically tests the idea that the relationship between weight and distance is reciprocal is probably age:

14

In girls, the onset of puberty brings the lowering of the voice at approximately age

14

Studies find that approximately _____ percent of all older adults have some form of neurocognitive disorder

14

Suki is a single Asian American mother with one child. _____ percent of Asian American parents are single parents.

15%

According to a study by Smith and Denton (2005), what percentage of adolescents report that they are not religious?

16

Which of the following persons is likely to have the greatest health problems because of iron deficiency?

16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating

Anorexia nervosa was undiagnosed until about:

1950

"I'm fat," says 17-year-old Keli to her boyfriend, who is also 17 years old. There is some truth to Keli's statement because the average 17-year-old girl has _____ times the percentage of body fat as a 17-year-old boy.

2

Adrenal glands

2 glands located above kidneys that produce hormones-like the stress hormone

During adolescence, testosterone in boys may rise as high as about _____ times the prepubescent level.

20

Puberty usually lasts about _____ years.

3 to 5

Puberty usually last ___ years

3-5

According to your textbook, as many as _____ percent of adolescents report that they have sent a sexual photograph, a practice called "sexting.

30

Margaret is one of the _____ percent of people age 70 or older who has visual loss because of cataracts.

30

Scott is a senior in college. He believes that students have the right to their own opinion and those in the position of authority do not always know the right answers. Scott is at Perry's _____ position.

4

Marisa is 8. Based on information provided in the textbook, one can predict that she will be about _____ pound(s) heavier when she is 9.

5 pounds

About what percent of people with anorexia nervosa suffer death by organ failure or suicide?

5 to 20 percent

In the United States, young persons aged 15-24 constitute what percentage of all sexually transmitted infections?

50 percent

Identity v. role confusion

5th stage in Erikson's development. Primary task of adolescence is finding one own identity.

By age _____, most people will have lost about an inch of height

65

As of 2010, about what percentage of sexually active American high school students reported using a condom during their most recent sexual encounter?

78

estradiol in girls may rise as high as about ___ times the childhood level.

8

Carter is given peas and green beans. When asked if he has more peas or vegetables, he responds, "I have more vegetables." Knowing this answer means that Carter is at least _____ years old.

8 years old (cannot classify younger than this)

As of 2010, about what percentage of teen mothers were unwed?

85

The proportion of the population over age 65 has reached approximately _____ percent worldwide and _____ percent in the United States.

8;13

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as ______ years or as late as ______ years.

8;14

If Kelley, 27, is typical of young adults today, she has had about how many jobs since she was 18?

9

In industrialized countries, approximately _____ percent of lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking

90

aggressive rejected

: Rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior.

Spermarche

A boy's first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. Spermarche may occur during sleep (in a "wet dream") or via direct stimulation.

Spermarche

A boy's first ejaculation of sperm. Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production. This may occur during sleep (in a "wet dream") or via direct stimulation

Adolescent egocentrism

A characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people (ages 10 to 13) to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others

Adolescent Egocentrism

A characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people (ages 10 to 13) to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others.

Circadian rhythm

A day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours

polygamous family

A family consisting of one man, several wives, and their children.

extended family

A family of three or more generations living in one household.

nuclear family

A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18.

Parental monitoring q

A father's awareness of where his teenagers are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as:

Menarche

A girl's first menstrual period, signaling that she has begun ovulation. Pregnancy is biologically possible, but ovulation and menstruation are often irregular for years after menarche.

Pituitary

A glad in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and that control other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands

Pituitary

A gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and that control other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands.

Clique

A group of adolescents made up of close friends who are loyal to one another while excluding outsiders

The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty is referred to as:

A growth spurt.

Which statement about hypothetical thought is NOT true?

A hallmark of hypothetical thought is the ability to think of that which is not present

Leptin

A hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty. Leptin levels increase during childhood and peak at around age 12.

Leptin

A hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty. Levels of this increase during childhood and peak at around age 12

Crowd

A larger group of adolescents who have something in common but who are not necessarily friends

Adolescence-limited offender

A person whose criminal activity stops by age 21

Life-course-presistent offender

A person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life; a career criminal

Gender identity

A person's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female

Body image

A person's idea of how his or her body looks

Middle school

A school for children in the grades between elementary and high school. This usually begins with grade 6 and ends with grade 8

HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis

A sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then to the adrenal glands

HPG (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis

A sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then to the gonads

Estradiol

A sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce much more estradiol than males do.

Estradiol

A sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce much more of this than males do

Testosterone

A sex hormone, the best known of the androgens (male hormones); secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females

Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

A significantly low body weight (BMI of 17 or less)

Role confusion

A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is

A _____ family is like an extended family, but without the biological parents

A skipped-generation

Sexual orientation

A term that refers to whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted to others of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes

The notion that two networks exist within the brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, describes the:

A. dual-process model.

According to Erikson, if 8-year-old Kristina does NOT solve her fourth psychosocial crisis, she will come to view herself as:

According to Erikson, if 8-year-old Kristina does NOT solve her fourth psychosocial crisis, she will come to view herself as:

Support and connectedness

According to the text, which are two of the aspects of family closeness?

An increase in skin oils and sweat

Adolescent acne is usually caused by:

Adolescent egocentrism

Adolescent thinking that leads young people (ages 10-13) to focus on themselves to exclusion of others

_____ Americans tend to experience puberty a few months earlier than European Americans.

African

In the United States, _____ are the MOST likely to divorce, and _____ are the LEAST likely to divorce.

African and Asian

According to the text, all of the following are true about charter schools EXCEPT that:

African-American males have a lower dropout rate in charter schools than public schools.

Well-nourished _____ tend to experience puberty a few months earlier and _____ a few months later than _____. However, they all develop well if their classmates are on the same schedule.

Africans; Asians, Europeans

Who is MOST likely to be expressing identity diffusion

Alberto, whose parents are teachers, but who refuses to go to college

Hani is a 17-year-old Muslim boy from Egypt. What psychoactive drug will he and his friends likely never try?

Alcohol

The category "psychoactive drugs" refers to:

Alcohol, tobacco, drugs.

The category "psychoactive drugs" refers to:

All of these answers are correct.

In which of the following countries is cohabitation NOT the norm

All of these are correct: Ireland, Japan, Italy

A lifestyle factor that makes brain loss more common is

All of these are correct: drug abuse, viruses, poor circulation

Moratorium

An adolescent's choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions. Going to college is a common example

Invincibility Fable

An adolescent's egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving.

Invincibility fable

An adolescents egocentric conviction that he or she can not be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving

Incremental approach to intelligence

An approach to understanding intelligence that holds that intelligence can be directly increased by effort; those who subscribe to this view believe they can master whatever they seek to learn if they pay attention, participate in class, study, complete their homework, and so on

Incremental Intelligence Approach

An approach to understanding intelligence that holds that intelligence can be directly increased by effort; those who subscribe to this view believe they can master whatever they seek to learn if they pay attention, participate in class, study, complete their homework, and so on.

Entity approach to intelligence

An approach to understanding intelligence that sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity present at birth; those who hold this view do not believe that effort enhances achievement

Entity Approach to Intelligence

An approach to understanding intelligence that sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity present at birth; those who hold this view do not believe that effort enhances achievement.

Personal fable

An aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's

Personal Fable

An aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and subsequent purging, usually by induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation. Affected individuals voluntarily undereat and often overexercise, depriving their vital organs of nutrition. Anorexia can be fatal.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by severe calorie restriction and the fear of being fat. Affected individuals undereat, or overeat and then overexercise or purge, depriving their vital organs of nutrition. This can be fatal

High-stakes test

An evaluation that is critical in determining success or failure. If a single test determines whether a student will graduate or be promoted, it is this test

Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

An infection spread by sexual contact; includes syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, chlamydia, and HIV

PISA (programme for international student assessment)

An international test taken by 15-year-olds in 50 nations that is designed to measure problem solving and cognition in daily life

PISA (Programme for International Student Assesment

An international test taken by 15-year-olds in 50 nations that is designed to measure problem solving and cognition in daily life.

Hormone

An organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function

For boys, late puberty correlates with:

Anxiety and depression.

Child sexual abuse

Any erotic activity arouses an adult and confuses or shames a child whether or not victim protests and whether or not genital contact is involved.

Child sexual abuse

Any erotic activity that arouses an adult and excites, shames, or confuses a child, whether or not the victim protests and whether or not genital contact is involved

Parasuicide

Any potential lethal action against the result that does not result in death

[ ] measure(s) the potential to learn or master a particular skill or body of knowledge

Aptitude tests

According to the text, filial devotion is particularly strong in _____ cultures

Asian cultures

Personal fable

Aspect of adolescent ego centrism characterized by an adolescents belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique more wonderful or awful than anything else

aids every skill. Learning to speak a second language, to recite the multiplication tables, and to write one's name are difficult at first, but gradually become routine.

Automatization

According to a 2005 study on teens and religion,:

B. most adolescents believed in heaven, hell, and angels.

A common fallacy in which a person ignores statistical information about the frequency of a phenomenon and instead makes an emotionally based decision is called:

Base rate neglect.

Marrisa decided to drive her care to Las Vegas rather than fly after reading a story about a plane crash. This common fallacy is called:

Base rate neglect.

Benjamin and Tara are both typical 25-year-olds. Based on the findings of the Seattle Longitudinal Study one can assume that:

Benjamin will be better in mathematics, and Tara will have better verbal ability.

What percentage of women in the United States in 2005 were clinically bulimic during early adulthood?

Between 1 and 3 percent

Self - Consciousness

Between the ages of 10 to 14 acute self-_____ seems to be at its highest.

Concern personal habits and dress

Bickering between parents and teenagers is most likely to:

Which of the following is a symptom of bulimic nervosa?

Binging and purging at least once a week for three months; an uncontrollable urge to overeat; and a sense of self tied to body weight and shape.

Hormones q

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called:

Cyberbullying

Bullying that occurs when one person spreads insults or rumors about another by means of technology (e.g., e-mails, text messages, or cell phone videos)

Which geriatrician was responsible for coining the term "ageism"?

Butler

invincibility fable

Cannot be overcomed or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal such as unprotected sex, drug abuse and high speed driving

According to statistical averages, which of the following students would be particularly at risk of experiencing overwhelming stress during the transition to a new school?

Carlos, who had been in a middle school where he and other Latinos were in the majority, and now is at a high school where Latinos are in the minority.

Of the following sexually transmitted infections, which is a sexually active teenager most likely to have?

Chlamydia

What is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection?

Chlamydia

Comorbidity

Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person.

which of the following is true?

Completing high school is related to improved health in every nation and across socio-economic levels.

high school related to health

Completing high school is related to improved health in every nation and across socioeconomic levels.

Which parenting relationship will exhibit the LEAST difficulty in developing strong attachment?

Marcus, who lives with his biological mother and father

Identify the typical child in Erikson's fourth stage, the crisis of industry versus inferiority

Marisol, who can't wait to begin her first karate class

Identify the typical child in Erikson's fourth stage, the crisis of industry versus inferiority.

Marisol, who can't wait to begin her first karate class

Who is in Erik Erikson's fifth stage of development?

Mateo, who is uncertain about what he values and who he is ethnically and religiously

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

Maturation of the testes.

Pregnancy is biologically possible during _____, but ovulation and menstruation are often irregular for years after it.

Menarche

With some exceptions, adolescent boys use ____ drugs, and use them ______ often, than girls do.

More; more

When it comes to religion:

Most adolescents feel close to God.

Which individual BEST represents today's typical college student?

Nigel, who wants to major in business because he hopes to land a good job

Does the ability of schoolchildren to use deductive reasoning tend to develop at the same time as their ability to use inductive reasoning?

No, deductive reasoning tends to develop later than inductive reasoning.

_____ is a problem at every age as it pertains to body image.

Obesity

What statement is true about muscle strength for boys?

On average, boys' arm muscles are twice as strong at age 18 than at age 8.

Growth of hands and feet

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is:

Why do emotions rule behavior for many teens?

Onset of puberty is earlier; amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does; and the complexities of emotional restraints are beyond them.

Hormone

Organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physical function

Bryn is taking an international exam aimed at assessing the type of thinking needed in adult life. She is MOST likely taking the _____ exam.

PISA

Children's desire to make their own decisions

Parent-child arguments during the teen years indicate:

Part of a warm, supportive relationship

Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is:

Parental monitoring

Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom

Which teen is MOST likely to be an adolescence-limited offender?

Parker, whose brother is in jail and who has friends who break the law

Primary sex characteristics

Parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, includes vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, penis

Constructive, destructive, or neutral behavior

Peer pressure usually leads to:

Bickering

Petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing

Secondary sex characteristics

Physical traits not directly involved in reproduction but shows maturity like beards or boobs.

Secondary sex characteristics

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man's beard and a woman's breasts

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man's beard and a woman's breasts.

formal operational thought

Piagets theory-the fourth and final stage of cog. Development. More logical systemic thinking, ability to understand and systemically manipulate abstract concepts

Erikson described four aspects of identity as being the religious, the sexual, the vocational, and the:

Political.

Before age 8, sexual development is called _____ puberty.

Precocious

Sexual development before age 8 is referred to as:

Precocious puberty.

The pubertal Growth Spurt

Proceeds from the extremeties to the core

PISA

Program for international student assessment. designed to measure the kind of cognition needed in adult life. Taken by 15 YO in 50 nations.

Which statement regarding teen pregnancy is TRUE?

Rates of teen pregnancy are lower in European countries than in the United States

Which statement describes the LEAST likely expression of religious identity seen in adolescents?

Raul was raised Christian but is converting to the Sikh religion.

Deductive reasoning

Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics

Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics. (Also called top-down reasoning.)

Inductive reasoning

Reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion

Inductive Reasoning

Reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion. (Also called bottom-up reasoning.)

Hypothetical thought

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

Hypothetical Thought

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality.

The ultimate goal in resolving the crisis of identity achievement is to:

Reconsider the goals and values set by parents and culture, accepting some and rejecting other

_____ grandparents are those who are emotionally distant from their grandchildren and who are esteemed and respected elders who expect to receive help whenever they need it.

Remote

bullying

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.

Rumination

Repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression

Which of the following accurately describes the three aspects that make up resilience?

Resilience is dynamic, a positive adaptation to stress, and must be in response to significant adversity.

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

Result in earlier puberty.

According to the text, American high- school students of _____ heritage are advanced in puberty when compared to other ethnic groups of students.

SOS

According to the text, the structure of middle school does not seem to take into account adolescents':

SOS

As of 2010, about what percentage of sexually active American high school students reported using a condom during their most recent sexual encounter?

SOS

Su Lee, a teenager, questions her parents as to why she cannot stay out late at night. Which of the following statement

SOS

The United States ranked in the _________ out of 44 nations in the math category on the 2009 PISA.

SOS

According to the text, American high- school students of _____ heritage are advanced in puberty when compared to other ethnic groups of students.

Samoan

According to the text, American high-school students of ___ heritage are advanced in puberty when compared to other ethnic groups of students in California.

Samoan.

Today's "digital divide":

Separates young from old.

Cluster suicides

Several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period

Gonads

Sex glands

Testosterone

Sex hormone. Best of androgens. Way more in males than females

Estradiol

Sex hormone. Chief estrogen. More of this than males have females

STI

Sexually Transmitted Disease Spread by sexual conduct, including syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes and chalmydia and HIV.

The formula for influences on a child may be written as G + Shared E + Nonshared E, where

Shared E < Nonshared E

Tabitha, 26, and her husband just learned that they are expecting their first child. If she is typical, which statement is Tabitha UNLIKELY to hear from her obstetrician?

She is at high risk for a miscarriage

Eighty-four-year-old Carla is frail and in need of assistance. Her daughter, Jennifer has tried to provide help and has even offered to have Carla move in with her, but Carla has refused. According to the text, which is NOT a reason she is unwilling to accept help?

She no longer wants to maintain her independence and wants to be institutionalized. C

Fourth-grader Emma announces to her mother, "I am the fastest runner in my class but not in the entire school." Emma is engaging in

Social Comparison

Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning emphasizes

Social rules

The growth of the heart and lungs

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by:

bully-victim

Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well. (Also called provocative victims because they do things that elicit bullying.)

What complication is associated with teen pregnancy?

Spontaneous abortion.

According to Perry's scheme of cognitive and ethical development, who is at position 9?

Steven, who understands that, although he holds certain values, life is tentative and those values may change

In what way does stress affect puberty?

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

Julie is involved in many activities, including cheerleading, gymnastics, and a part-time job. Because of her stress, she started puberty early. Which is the BEST reason for this change?

Stress increases the hormones that start puberty.

Growth spurt

Sudden rapid physical growth in puberty weight precedes height and growth of limbs precedes growth of torso

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?

Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents but completed suicides are not.

Which statement is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?

Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but completed suicides are not.

"Throwing good money after bad" is a phrase often used when we put more and more money into something that really was not worth it in the first place. Which of the following best explains why we often do not choose to "cut our losses"?

Sunk cost fallacy.

Juanita and Miguel are raising their two grandchildren after their mother was arrested and placed in prison. The father has never been involved with the children. Juanita and Miguel are

Surrogate parents

Which of the following statements about peer selection is TRUE

Teens select friends whose values and interests they share

An experiment comparing teens' and emerging adults' risk behaviors when playing a video driving game with and without their peers revealed that:

Teens were more willing to take chances when playing with peers than were the adults.

are material at the ends of chromosomes in the cells; their length decreases with each cell duplication

Telomeres

Betsy is starting college in the fall. This new phase of her schooling is called _____ education

Tertiary

Which exercise, developed by Kohlberg, is often used to test the moral reasoning of children?

The Heinz dilemma

Prefrontal Cortex

The _____ is/are responsible for intense fear and excitement in the brain.

Sophia is a 17-year-old girl. What statement below is true about body fat for Sophia?

The average 17-year-old girl has twice the percentage of body fat as a 17-year-old boy.

Familism

The belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success, if necessary, in order to preserve family unity and protect the family from outside forces

Hypothalamus 2

The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the:

resillence

The capacity to develop optimally by adapting positively to significant adversity is called

Circadian rhythm q

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the:

Hypothalamus 1

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's:

industry versus inferiority

The fourth of Erikson's eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent.

Which of the following is among the body changes in adolescence that increase physical endurance?

The heart doubles in size.

Generational forgetting

The idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned. As used here, the term refers to knowledge about the harm drugs can do

Thirteen-year-old Mark refuses to go to school because he has a pimple. He is convinced that everyone will make fun of him. Mark's behavior is an example of:

The imaginary audience.

Developmentalists suspect that one reason for the slowdown in academic achievement that is seen in middle schools is:

The lack of connection to teachers.

Prefrontal COrtex

The last part of the brain to mature for Jack, Matthew, and Steve will be the _____ cortex.

family structure

The legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on.

Which statement concerning a teenager's brain growth is true?

The limbic system matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

Dual process model

The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, on for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli

Dual Process Model

The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli.

Kidneys

The organ that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the:

Imaginary audience

The other people who, in adolescent's egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior. This belief makes many teenagers very self conscious

child culture

The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society.

Primary sex characteristics

The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis

Primary Sex Characteristics

The parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis.

According to the text, what explains why many teenagers are thrill seekers?

The prefrontal cortex is not yet mature.

Which statement is TRUE?

The presence of the gene 5-HTTLPR increased depression in girls everywhere, but only in boys living in low-SES neighborhoods

The rate of single parenthood among African Americans in the United States is

The rate of single parenthood among African Americans in the United States is

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between hormones and emotions?

The relationship is reciprocal- hormones can trigger emotions but emotions can trigger hormones as well.

Growth spurt

The relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty. Each body part increases in size on a schedule: Weight usually precedes hight, and growth of the limbs precedes growth of the torso

Janine is 56 years old and has been told by doctors that she has white-matter lesions. Which statement is NOT true regarding these legions?

The time of transmission from one neuron to another will remain the same.

family function

The way a family works to meet the needs of its members. Children need families to provide basic material necessities, to encourage learning, to help them develop self-respect, to nurture friendships, and to foster harmony and stability.

Most researchers believe which of the following statements to be true regarding the dual-process model?

There are at least two different pathways in the brain involved in thinking.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between body fat and the onset of puberty?

There is a positive correlation between obesity and early onset of puberty

One reason why adolescent suicides have decreased since 1990 may be that:

There is more effective use of antidepressant.

Which of the following statements about the use of the Internet and other forms of technology is true?

They can be used as tools for learning.

Teens are less likely to abuse drugs, leave school, and take unnecessary risks when:

They feel valued by their communities.

A marriage might look quite unequal to an outsider, with one partner appearing to rely disproportionally on the support of the other partner. In many of these cases, however, the married couple does not mind this apparent inequity. Why

They may remember a time when the situation was reversed.

Which of the following is a characteristic of both aggressive-rejected and withdrawn-rejected children

They tend to misinterpret social situations

Lucy and Andrew have just entered adolescence. Which statement is TRUE?

They will both likely experience a dip in self-esteem.

Suicidal ideation

Thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones

Which of the following is a reason why adolescents, and sometimes adults, rely more on intuition than on analytical thinking?

Thinking logically takes more effort than relying on intuition.

Intuitive thought

Thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation, and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions

Analytic Thought

Thought that results from analysis, such as a systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts. Analytic thought depends on logic and rationality.

Analytic thought

Thought that results from analysis, such as a systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts. This depends on logic and rationality

The international math and science assessment for fourth- and eighth-graders is called the

Trends in Math and Science Study

During adolescence, the lungs will ___ in weight and the heart will __ in size.

Triple; double.

In both boys and girls, early puberty correlates with early sexual activity

True

Adrenal glands

Two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones (including the "stress hormones" epinephrine [adrenaline] and norepinephrine)

Adrenal Glands

Two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones (including the "stress hormones" epinephrine [adrenaline] and norepinephrine).

Which of the following statements is true about adolescent criminal activity?

Virtually all adolescents have broken the law.

United states

Which developed nation has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy?

Pituitary gland

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

When Sarah hears her 1-year-old cry, she interprets the crying as an attempt by the child to communicate about something distressful.

Which parent is demonstrating generative parenting?

Sexually transmitted infections

Which sexual problem shows no signs of abating?

During adolescence, psychosocial development is primarily a search to answer the question:

Who am I?

Ginny is 15 years old. Which question reflects her main psychosocial task, according to Erikson?

Who am I?

Some Western legal systems denote either 7 or 8 as the age at which a child attains reason. Is such a designation defensible from a Piagetian standpoint?

Yes. Children do acquire some basic reasoning skills during the concrete operational stage.

Kaytlin, who is a teen, is wide awake at midnight but half asleep all morning. Her hormones are causing _____ in sleep-wake patterns.

a "phase delay"

Which of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa?

a body weight significantly low for developmental stage, with a BMI of 17 or lower

Andropause refers to

a drop in testosterone levels seen in older men

A nuclear family consists of:

a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18 living in one household

The term "menarche" refers to:

a girl's first menstrual period.

Research on the temperaments of identical twins supports the finding that

a mother's attitudes toward her twins is one factor that influences the twins' behavior.

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given

a single test to determine success or failure

In high-stakes testing situations, students are typically given:

a single test to determine success or failure.

role confusion

a situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what their identity is. Also called identity or role confusion

sexual orientation

a term that refers ti whether a person is sexually and romantically attracted tithes of the same sex, opposite sex or both

30. Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds yet when she looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty MOST likely suffers from: a. anorexia nervosa. b. a degenerative organ disease. c. anxiety. d. bulimia nervosa.

a. anorexia nervosa.

51. The nations with the best PISA results do NOT: a. focus on memorization of math formulas. b. have a culture that strongly values education. c. show respect for the teaching profession. d. place the best teachers with the students who need them most.

a. focus on memorization of math formulas.

38. Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence: a. formal operational thought. b. invincibility thinking. c. metacognition. d. concrete operational thinking.

a. formal operational thought.

7. For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: a. growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche. b. growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche. c. spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth. d. initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis.

a. growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche.

32. Since adolescents regard themselves as uniquely special: a. it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective. b. it is easy for them to envision another person's perspective. c. they embrace many points of view. d. they believe everyone feels what they feel.

a. it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective.

18. Family conflict and stress: a. may cause the early onset of puberty. b. may cause the late onset of puberty. c. typically increase after the onset of puberty. d. typically decrease after the onset of puberty.

a. may cause the early onset of puberty.

35. Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their: a. personal fable. b. post-operational thought. c. moral reasoning. d. invincibility fable.

a. personal fable.

1. The period when children's bodies become adultlike is called: a. puberty. b. youth. c. the growth spurt. d. secondary sex development.

a. puberty.

17. Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon? a. secular trend b. evolution c. genetic predisposition d. generational trend

a. secular trend

47. A strategy to increase student motivation in middle schools is to encourage a belief in: a. the incremental approach to learning. b. doing homework. c. the entity approach to learning. d. studying for tests.

a. the incremental approach to learning.

42. Deductive reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning. a. top-down b. theoretical c. concrete d. bottom-up

a. top-down

Depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and ADHD may result from

abnormalities in the HPA axis

Circadian" literally means:

about a day.

Ted, 65, was surprised when told by his physician during his yearly physical that he was 5 feet 11 inches tall. Ted's physician told him not to worry because by his age people lose:

about an inch

Which BEST expresses the proportion of adults who meet the weekly goal of 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of intense exercise?

about half

Past performance is to future performance as _____ test is to _____ test

achievement; aptitude

Professor Shapiro is your life-span development instructor. One day in class, he discusses his belief that many older people withdraw from others because of their past stratification and that, if they were to engage in activities with others, it would make life more gratifying and promote the positivity effect. Professor Shapiro is supporting _____ theory.

activity

Cutting

addictive form of self mutilation that is prevalent among adolescent girls and correlates with depression and rug abuse.

Fifteen-year-old Angelo, who lives in an urban housing project with a high level of violent crime, has developed a habit of smoking marijuana with his friends before school, skipping classes regularly, and tagging property with graffiti. Angelo is MOST likely

adolescence-limited offender

A teen experiencing a negative psychosocial development is at greater risk of becoming a(n):

adolescence-limited offender.

Jenna has always had a short attention span and inadequate emotional regulation. She suffered from abuse early in her life and is of low intelligence. Now in high school, she has been caught shoplifting several times and was suspended from school for physically fighting with other students. Jenna is at risk of becoming a(n):

adolescence-limited offender.

moratorium

adolescent choice of socially acceptable way to postpone making identity achievement decisions. Ex.- going to college

Fourteen-year-old Aisha spends at least two hours per night talking to her best friend, Kylie, on the phone. They often go over the details of the day, what everyone at school said, wore, and so on. They also talk extensively about their dreams for the future and beliefs about the world, analyze each other's personalities, and so on. This seems reflective of:

adolescent egocentrism

Which characteristic of adolescent thought is demonstrated when a teen fails to recognize that others may neither care about nor share her opinions?

adolescent egocentrism

During the last several years the digital divide has become largest between

adolescents and older adults

Secondary sex gland

adrenal

A strategy to increase student motivation in high schools is widespread participation in:

after-school athletic teams or clubs.

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with which of the following?

aggression and antisocial behavior in boys

Evan is shunned by his peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior. Evan's behavior suggests that he is a(n) _____ child.

aggressive-rejected

A preference of the elderly to remain in the same home and community, adjusting but not leaving when health fades, is called

aging in place

Raul, a social worker, is kind and compassionate. His clients frequently report how much Raul cares about them and his coworkers describe him as generous. Raul's personality clusters high in:

agreeableness

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is:

alcohol

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is:

alcohol.

Curtis is 38 years old. Like most people his age, he tends to be:

alert in the morning and sleepy at night.

Bernie is an adult. Unlike teens, Bernie's brain is naturally

alert in the morning and sleepy in the pm

Bethany has been engaging in self-injurious behavior, mostly cutting herself on her stomach and thighs. She could use the Internet to:

all correct

Research on adolescents who play video games found that the use:

all correct

Vygotsky believed that children learn from their

all of the above: culture, teachers, peers

Jay is a 16-year-old gay male living in rural Alaska. The Internet could be a way that Jay:

all of them were correct

The dynamic body adjustment that, over time, affects overall physiology is called

allostasis

Generativity needs are met when employment

allows creativity and productivity

Alice, age 75, is a gifted artist who feels that only her _____ has/have changed as a result of her being older.

ambition

Steven's parents are frustrated by his wild emotional behavior at home. Steven's counselor explains that his behavior will continue until his:

amygdala is mature.

Maria graduated from college last year with a degree in biology. Maria was initially confident that she would find the job she desired, but she has struggled to find work in her field. She has worked as a waitress since graduating, and this is causing her to question her abilities. Unlike the studies on well-being and self-esteem in emerging adults cited in the text, Maria has decreased self-esteem, which may be due to the cohort effects of:

an economic recession

high stakes test

an evaluation that is critical in determining success of failure

An "empty nest" often results in:

an improved marital relationship

Haley will be attending her first year of middle school in the fall. According to research, she will probably witness:

an increase in bullying

Which of the following entities or individuals would NOT be included in an integrated care model

an insurance company

Raymond is interviewing people to fill an essential management position in his company. Ideally, Raymond would use _____ thought to make this important decision.

analytic and intuitive

Five to 20 percent of _____ nervosa sufferers die of organ failure or suicide.

anorexia

What disorder is characterized by severe calorie restriction?

anorexia nervosa

When Patty looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds. She does aerobics for at least two hours daily and eats very little. Patty most likely suffers from:

anorexia nervosa

Exacerbated by the pubescent phase delay, eveningness puts adolescents at high risk for _____ because they are awake when adults are sound asleep.:

antisocial activities

For boys, late puberty correlates with:

anxiety and depression

Since about 1960, late puberty in boys has correlated with:

anxiety and depression.

parasuicide

any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death. also called attempt at suicide and failed suicide

Secondary education

anything after primary school and before tertiary school

Bill lives in the United States and is the same height as his father and grandfather. The same is true for many other generations of families. The secular trend of each generation growing taller:

appears to have stopped in developed nations.

Bill lives in the United States and is the same height as his father and grandfather. This is also true for many other generations of families. The secular trend of each generation growing taller:

appears to have stopped in developed nations.

Secondary sex characteristics are those characteristics that

are not directly related to reproduction.

Martha is looking for a home for her mother that combines privacy and independence yet still has medical supervision. This arrangement is called

assisted living

The form of elder care that might provide an apartment for each person that allows furnishings and pets just as in a traditional home is called

assisted living

Teens who select peers who are doing drugs are

at risk of participating in deviancy training

During Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority, children

attempt to master many skills.

A person who glances at a billboard and reads it without intending to do so displays:

automatization

Which of the following is a way adolescents seem to try to avoid feeling like failures during middle school, according to research?

avoiding effort

53. At what age does the brain become fully mature? a. 12 b. 25 c. 50 d. never

b. 25

13. _____ is the sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by males than females. a. Progesterone b. Testosterone c. Estrogen d. Adrenaline

b. Testosterone

16. Which statement is correct? a. There is no correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty. b. There is a positive correlation between body fat and early onset of puberty. c. There is a correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty only among Native American adolescents. d. There is a negative correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty.

b. There is a positive correlation between body fat and early onset of puberty.

37. The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents': a. ability to understand how others perceive them. b. belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance. c. constant posing and posturing before mirrors. d. belief that others are spying on them.

b. belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance.

46. Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Statistically, one would expect their academic achievement to: a. improve. b. decline. c. remain the same as in elementary school. d. exhibit an erratic pattern of rising and falling.

b. decline.

21. One physical change that typically occurs during adolescence is that the child's: a. lungs increase in weight by a factor of five. b. heart doubles in size. c. tonsils increase in size. d. skin becomes darker.

b. heart doubles in size.

41. Which term refers to the ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions? a. hypothetical reasoning b. inductive reasoning c. deductive reasoning d. adolescent egocentrism

b. inductive reasoning

44. Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a gut feeling is referred to as: a. deductive reasoning. b. intuitive thought. c. concrete reasoning. d. analytic thought.

b. intuitive thought.

27. Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet? a. magnesium and B vitamins b. iron and calcium c. sodium and potassium d. vitamins A and C

b. iron and calcium

31. During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain. a. prefrontal cortex; limbic system b. limbic system; prefrontal cortex c. prefrontal cortex; amygdala d. cerebellum; amygdala

b. limbic system; prefrontal cortex

5. For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: a. menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development. b. nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche. c. the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development. d. the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche.

b. nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche.

52. As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing: a. other nations are following suit. b. other nations are moving away from it. c. girls are earning the highest test scores. d. boys are earning the lowest test scores.

b. other nations are moving away from it.

3. For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is: a. penis growth. b. spermarche. c. first intercourse. d. pubic hair.

b. spermarche.

24. Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections? a. greater exposure to germs from increased social activity b. the shrinkage of the lymphoid system c. the increase in sex hormones d. the growth spurt

b. the shrinkage of the lymphoid system

15. About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes. a. one-half b. two-thirds c. one-fourth d. three-fourths

b. two-thirds

One way that older adults may attempt to hold on to their identity is to

be unwilling to discard personal possessions

As adolescents gain experience in making decisions and thinking things through, they:

become better at knowing when analysis is needed

During middle childhood, a child's self-concept

becomes tied to the opinions of his or her peers.

Cameron, an 8th grader, always looks in the mirror and thinks he's too ugly and fat. Cameron's idea of how he looks is called _____ image.

body

Thomas, a 10th grader, feels ashamed when, in the locker room, he compares his body composition to that of the other boys. He feels he is too skinny and too short. Thomas has a negative _____ image.

body

Compression of morbidity is influenced by:

both primary and secondary aging

According to the text, adolescent girls go on diets because they want to be thinner. This is partly because:

boys tend to girls who are thin.

Girls go on diets because they want to be thinner, partly because:

boys tend to prefer dating thin girls.

Girls go on diets to be thinner partly because:

boys tend to prefer dating thinner girls

The _____ of every living creature responds to the environment with natural rhythms.

brain

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's:

brain

Analytic thinking requires a certain level of:

brain capacity, intellectual maturity, and motivation.

Sixty-six-year-old Alex is in the process of retiring from his position as the head of litigation in a law firm. Over the next six months, he will oversee cases of the younger associates and the next six months work part time editing legal briefs and then exit the firm. Alex is doing _____ for his firm before he retires.

bridge work

cyberbullying

bullying where one person spreads insults or rumor about another by means of emails, text or videos.

49. High school guidance counselors in the United States have an average caseload of _____ students. a. 50 b. 100 c. 270 d. 1000

c. 270

4. For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age. a. 5; 18 b. 7; 16 c. 8; 14 d. 10; 13

c. 8; 14

34. _____ is the theorist who coined the terms "personal fable" and "invincibility fable." a. Erikson b. Skinner c. Elkind d. Kohlberg

c. Elkind

2. Menarche is: a. the beginning of growth of the uterus. b. the first ovulation of a mature egg. c. a girl's first menstrual period. d. the first year of menstruation.

c. a girl's first menstrual period.

20. In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with: a. girls choosing to date younger boys. b. girls entering into early, nurturing relationships. c. aggression and antisocial behavior in boys. d. boys becoming leaders in their schools.

c. aggression and antisocial behavior in boys.

48. In schools structured so that individuals compete rather than work cooperatively, low-scoring students tend to: a. be highly motivated. b. achieve higher scores as the school year moves on. c. cope by endorsing the entity approach to learning. d. believe in incremental mastery of a subject area.

c. cope by endorsing the entity approach to learning.

6. For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs: a. when facial hair first appears. b. after the weight and height spurt. c. following growth of the penis. d. when the final pubic hair pattern is established.

c. following growth of the penis.

12. What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone? a. human growth hormones b. follicle-stimulating hormones c. gonadotropins d. cortisol

c. gonadotropins

25. Changes in primary sex characteristics include: a. growth of pubic hair and underarm hair. b. rapid increase in height. c. growth of the uterus or the testes. d. deeper voices.

c. growth of the uterus or the testes.

8. Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called: a. the HPA axis. b. the brain stem. c. hormones. d. adrenal glands.

c. hormones.

40. Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines: a. inductive reasoning. b. perceptual thought. c. hypothetical thought. d. deductive reasoning.

c. hypothetical thought.

23. Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should: a. match his projected size for next year. b. cause him maximum exertion. c. match his size from the previous year. d. be doubled each week.

c. match his size from the previous year.

45. Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school are strongly influenced by their: a. career goals. b. level of intelligence. c. middle school experiences. d. hormonal shifts.

c. middle school experiences.

10. Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus? a. adrenals b. testes c. pituitary d. gonads

c. pituitary

The practice of limiting dietary intake for the purpose of improving health and slowing down the aging process is called:

calorie restriction

Dr. Washington believes that aging is a product of how molecules are damaged over time due to environmental stress and toxins. Dr. Washington is a proponent of:

cellular aging

The saying "Step on a crack and you will break your mother's back" is an example of:

child culture

Athletes are now asked to wear helmets and avoid body contact as means of preventing:

chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

What is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection?

chylamydia

A _____ is a day-night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours.

circadian rhythm

Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, "I have more fruit." Carly is using the logical concept of:

classification

base rate neglect

common fallacy in which a person ignores the overall frequency of some behavior or charateristics in making decisions. Ex- person may bet on the lottery without considering the odds that their number will be selected.

Grandparents Lily and John enjoy taking their grandchildren on special outings and spoiling them with special gifts. They would be considered

companinonate grandparents

Grandparents Lily and John enjoy taking their grandchildren on special outings and spoiling them with special gifts. They would be considered:

companionate grandparents

Which is NOT a contributor to the slowing down of the brain in primary aging?

compensation

Judith and Kai are trying to conceive. Which of these should Kai NOT avoid in order to maximize the health of his sperm?

computer usuage

Edward is currently in second grade. According to Piaget, Edward is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

concrete operational

According to Piaget, the stage of cognition that is characteristic of middle childhood is

concrete operational thought

Isaiah, an accountant, is organized and deliberate. He likes to plan, works long hours, and is self-disciplined. Isaiah's personality clusters high in:

conscientiousness.

Sixteen-year-old Isaac's parents have a set curfew for him and clear boundaries for what they believe is appropriate behavior. In general, Isaac feels that his parents' rules are reasonable. This is reflective of which aspect of family closeness?

control

Sixteen-year-old Michael begins growing a marijuana plant in a corner of his family's garden. His stepfather asks him to remove it because it is illegal. In Kohlberg's terms, Michael's stepfather is demonstrating _____ reasoning.

conventional

The common middle-school schedule that involves classroom changes every 40 minutes has the effect of

creating a developmental mismatch

What has the greatest influence on a person's choice for his or her first sexual partner?

culture

Which of the following has the largest impact on whether adolescent sexual discovery and exploration is healthy and enjoyable or shameful and frightening?

culture and social context

28. The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day. a. 1000; 300 b. 1000; 500 c. 1300; 800 d. 1300; 500

d. 1300; 500

39. In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, a child who systematically tests the idea that the relationship between weight and distance is reciprocal is probably age: a. 4. b. 7. c. 10. d. 14.

d. 14.

50. According to the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the countries with the highest math test scores are: a. Greece and Iceland. b. Japan and United States. c. Austria and Italy. d. China and Singapore.

d. China and Singapore.

11. The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym: a. HAG pathway. b. HAP pathway. c. HPG axis. d. HPA axis.

d. HPA axis.

19. Typically, the adolescent who will probably find puberty MOST difficult is: a. Eric, an on-time maturer. b. Trisha, a late maturer. c. Katie, an on-time maturer. d. Katya, an early maturer.

d. Katya, an early maturer.

26. Secondary sex characteristics are traits that: a. occur later in development. b. are not visible. c. occur for only some people. d. are not directly related to fertility.

d. are not directly related to fertility.

29. One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is: a. lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition. b. misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food. c. altered taste buds due to hormonal surges. d. body image anxiety.

d. body image anxiety.

14. The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the: a. biorhythm. b. night-day cycle. c. sleep cycle. d. circadian rhythm.

d. circadian rhythm.

9. The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's: a. gonads. b. penis or uterus. c. adrenal glands. d. hypothalamus.

d. hypothalamus.

43. Research has shown that adolescents tend to apply formal logic: a. in all situations. b. in very few situations. c. only when encouraged to do so. d. in some situations but not in others.

d. in some situations but not in others.

22. Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by: a. increased hormone output. b. increased muscle tissue. c. better digestive processes. d. the growth of the heart and lungs.

d. the growth of the heart and lungs.

36. Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating: a. the personal fable. b. deductive reasoning. c. self-awareness. d. the invincibility fable.

d. the invincibility fable.

33. In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the: a. belief that one is destined to have a legendary life. b. notion that one cannot be harmed by unprotected sex. c. viewpoint that everyone else is smarter than oneself. d. view that one is noticed by everyone.

d. view that one is noticed by everyone.

Between 1990 and 2010, the overall rate of teen birth and teen abortion has:

declined for both.

Between 1991 and 2009, rates of sexual experience of high school students in the US have:

decreased for all ethnic groups

The percentage of adolescents that consumed the recommended five or more servings of fruits or vegetables daily has:

decreased over the past decade

Elle, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of

deductive reasoning

Reasoning from the general to the particular through logical steps to figure out specifics (deduce)

deductive reasoning

Destiny started smoking when she was 16. When her friend asks her why she smokes, she says that she is trying to avoid becoming obese like her mother. According to the section in the textbook entitled "A Habit is Hard to Break," Destiny is in the _____ stage of her habit.

denial

For 10-year-old girls and 15-year-old boys, body dissatisfaction increased:

depression and thoughts of suicide

For 10-year-old girls and 15-year-old boys, body dissatisfaction increased:

depression and thoughts of suicide.

According to the text, an important component of healthy parental monitoring:

derives from a warm connection.

Seventy-three-year-old William was a lawyer for 43 years. Now that he is retired, he leads legal workshops at a community education center. William is in Erikson's integrity-versus-_____ stage of development

despair

deviancy training

destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms.

During middle school, social relationships among students:

deteriorate due to the increased number of students

As children are developing an industrious self-concept, they may

develop friends, activities, and skills

Carlos and Gia recently celebrated their 50-year anniversary. When asked about their secret to a successful and happy marriage, they suggested

developing mutual close friends

The greatest difficulty in parenting for non-biological parents (stepparents, adoptive parents, and foster parents)

developing secure attachments

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms is referred to as:

deviancy training.

Angela eats erratically and sometimes ingests drugs, especially _____ pills, to lose weight because she feels that she is too fat to be beautiful.

diet

Research on late-adulthood cognitive decline has led scientists to

differ on exactly when cognition declines

Quintan is a 22-year-old African American male college student. He knows that African American males are only half as likely to earn a college degree as African American females. He is struggling academically. He is likely to:

disnegage academically

Developmental psychopathology links the study of typical development with the study of:

disorders

Which life event would be more common among people who have high levels of the neuroticism trait

divorce

José is a college student whose parents immigrated to the United States from Nicaragua in 1990. Compared with other similar immigrant young adults who do not attend college, José is more likely to

do much better both economically and intellectually

Large high schools are economical, and they

do not increase student learning

Research has suggested that two distinct pathways for thinking exist in the brain: one processes emotional thought while the other processes analytic thought. These two pathways comprise the:

dual-process model.

Jack, who is 15, can expect to complete Erikson's fifth stage of identity versus role confusion:

during adulthood

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual activity, especially if it results in birth, is more hazardous because:

earlier puberty and weaker social taboos mean teens have sexual experiences at younger ages.

Shane, a fifth grader, drinks his parents' liquor when they are not home and yells at family members when he does not get his way. Shane's behavior is MOST likely due to his

early maturation

May-Lin is 61 years old and works as a nurse in a community clinic. All of the following are ways that her job could help her to achieve her generativity needs EXCEPT it helps her:

earn enough money to buy a new car.

As the bones lengthen and harden and the growth spurt begins, children:

eat more and gain weight.

Research suggests that time of day and location should be considered when measuring memory. This is referred to as

ecological validity

Research suggests that time of day and location (home versus lab) should be considered when measuring memory. This is referred to as:

ecological validity.

Paul assumes that his adolescent son shares his values of hard work and financial frugality. Yet his son drifts from job to job, spending all the money he earns. In his assumptions, Paul is demonstrating:

egocentrism.

Currently, Mercedes attends a(n) _____ school through the use of a voucher. However, the family is moving to a state in which vouchers are illegal. After the move, Mercedes will attend a public school.

either private or parochial

Many old people who have driven all of their lives insist that they are still good drivers. Because they are cautious and limit themselves:

elderly drivers have fewer accidents than 20-year-olds

Tracy is a 24-year-old college graduate who was just accepted into medical school. She has just ended a year-long romantic relationship due to her concern about maintaining a long-distance relationship and the demands of medical school. In developmental terms, Tracy is a(n):

emerging adult

Hank is very stressed about his job and his boss' management style. Hank is working on changing his attitude so he can better handle and accept the situation, which he knows will not change. Hank seems to be employing which type of stress coping strategy?

emotion-focused

peer pressure

encouragement from one's friends or contemporaries to conform in behavior or dress and attitude. usually considered negative like when friends encourage another friend to defy adults.

Geoffrey believes that he was born to be a certain "level of smart" and that any work he does will be wasted. "I was not born to be a brainiac," he tells his teacher, "so why should I study?" Geoffrey subscribes to the _____ theory of intelligence.

entity

Eight-year-old Randy has behavioral difficulty in school and is overly aggressive with the other children. His parents seem to ignore his problems and blame the school and the other children. His parents are convinced that Randy has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. When they take him to a child psychiatrist, the psychiatrist is reluctant to give the diagnosis after observing the unhealthy interactions between the family members and between the parents. The psychiatrist's reluctance to give this diagnosis is based on the _____ related to the cause and diagnosis

equifinality

When 7-year-old Debbie's mother was pregnant with Debbie, she had serious marital and financial problems. This may have led to a flood of stress hormones that affected Debbie while she was in the womb. After she was born, her mother developed an alcohol addiction and married an abusive man. Debbie has all of the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but her physician is cautious about giving this diagnosis because of the _____ related to the cause and diagnosis.

equifinality

At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: _____ in girls and _____ in boys.

estradiol; testosterone

primary female hormone

estrogen

Some people, especially males, are naturally more alert in the evening than in the morning. This is a genetic trait called:

eveningness

Some people, especially males, are naturally more alert in the evening than in the morning. This is a genetic trait called:

eveningness.

The fMRI, PET scan, and other measures of neurological activity are:

expensive and complex.

Whether adolescents stay in school or drop out is strongly inflected by:

experience in middle school

Whether adolescents stay in school or drop out is strongly influenced by their:

experience in middle school

During Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who is confused about which of many possible roles to adopt is said to be:

experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion

During the fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who is confused as to which role to adopt is said to be

experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion

The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents'

false belief that everyone is constantly attending to their behavior and appearance

Adolescents primarily depend on _____ as a source of information and protection from sexual abuse.

families

Alyssa's mother and father and her sister Emily constitute Alyssa's:

family of origin

Donna just turned 50, and she feels as if she is not making any real contributions through the career she has chosen. She has never married and has no children. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Donna will:

feel as if she is stagnating.

Reggie has convinced himself that middle school is stupid and therefore not worth his time. His avoidance of any effort towards his schoolwork is MOST likely protecting Reggie from:

feeling like a failure

clinical depression

feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that lasts two weeks or more

Daryl is 8 years old and he likes to do art projects at school. However, the projects he has completed so far haven't received good grades, and in several instances his friends have laughed at the things he has done. Based on Erikson's theory, Daryl might develop

feelings of inferiority

Marco is from El Salvador but lives in the United States and rarely sees his family. He has become very close to his roommate's family. They include him in all of their family events. Marco and this family would be considered:

fictive kin

Caleb is a senior in college. He believes that everything is relative, but not equally valid. Caleb is at Perry's _____ position.

fifth

Jada is 21-years-old and is trying to discover a profession in which she would be fulfilled. Jada is confused about her ethnic identity because her mother is African American and her father is European American. According to Erik Erikson, Jada is trying to resolve the _____ stage.

fifth 5

Josh is 17 and works 25 hours per week at a fast-food restaurant. Compared to his peers who do not work, Josh is more likely to:

fight with his parents

Sue, 45, feels an obligation to take care of her aging parents by helping them around their house, going grocery shopping for them, and taking them to doctor appointments. This is called _____ responsibility

filial

Sue, 45, feels an obligation to take care of her aging parents by helping them around their house, going grocery shopping for them, and taking them to doctor appointments. This is called _____ responsibility.

filial

Bram is an expert stage actor. He is adept at adapting his performance whenever necessary if a colleague misses a line or to reflect a change in audience's mood. This would represent the _____ characteristic of his expertise.

flexible

Liza is 18-years-old and just started college, where she is being exposed to all sorts of new information that she needs to learn. Which type of intelligence would allow her to quickly use her short-term memory to remember new information and solve complex problems quickly?

fluid intelligence

People who are experts often elect to

focus on activities that are personally meaningful

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs

following growth of the testes and penis

Grace is going to become a doctor because her parents are doctors and they've always told her she would be a great doctor. She has never considered whether this is what she wants; it is just what she thinks she should do. Erikson would describe Grace's identity status as:

foreclosure

Which is NOT likely to be seen in older adults as they experience sensory-input problems?

forgetting where one heard of a certain product

Research on information processing suggests that the children are well advised to use _____ code when in academic settings

formal

Randy is in the stage of _____ thought if his thinking is no longer dependent on concrete experiences and he can understand more abstract concepts.

formal operation

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence:

formal operational thought

Ryan's thinking is no longer restricted to personal experience as it had been earlier in his life. Ryan is in the stage of

formal operational thought

MOST of the physical changes associated with puberty are completed in about _____ years

four

or women, binge drinking is defined as drinking more than

four drinks on one occasion

Most adolescents think about themselves

frequently

A characteristic of adult friendships is that

friendships improve with age

Anson is 75 years old and has recently been experiencing a change in his personality. He is acting more impulsively and does not seem to care about his loved ones, to whom he has always been very devoted. While he was always frugal with his money, he is now gambling frequently and losing much of his retirement savings. He does not seem to be experiencing any physical symptoms. From which is Anson most likely suffering?

fronto-temporal NCD

Teenage girls are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections than mature women are because:

fully developed women have some natural biological defenses against STIs.

According to a new diagnosis added to the DSM-5, individuals who feel distress because they are in "the wrong body" may have:

gender dysphoria.

Eighteen-year-old Gary is struggling. In the future, he would love to be a stay-at-home dad because he loves kids and desperately wants his own family. But he believes that this is not an option for him because he is a male. This belief reflects Gary's:

gender identity

Eighteen-year-old Gary is struggling because he would love to be a stay-at-home dad in the future, because he loves children and wants his own family. However, he believes that this is not an option for him because he is male. This belief reflects:

gender identity.

According to Erikson, the chief expression of adult _____ is parenting

generativity

Dr. Gomez, a 66-year-old pediatrician, has been a doctor for more than 30 years. She is not ready to retire because she loves providing health care to children. She believes her patients have impacted her as much as she's helped them. Dr. Gomez is demonstrating _____ through employment

generativity

Tamika is happily married with three children. She is involved in her children's sports teams and music classes and tutors other children from their school. Tamika is in Erikson's _____ stage of development.

generativity-versus-stagnation

Two causes of depression in adolescence are

genetic vulnerability and hormonal factors

A major influence on the age of onset of menarche is _____.

genetics

A major influence on the age of the onset of menarche is:

genetics

A major influence on the age of the onset of menarche is:

genetics.

Cynthia is 17 and works 30 hours per week at a clothing store in the mall. Compared with her peers who do not work, Cynthia is more likely to:

get poor grades

All of the following are examples of moratoria EXCEPT:

getting married and starting a family.

Melissa is MOST likely to feel pressure from her friends to:

go to a school dance

Solvi will be 16 next month and is experiencing the third event in Dunphy's sequence of male-female relationships. She:

goes to movies with small groups of boys and girls from her youth group.

What is another name for the sex glands?

gonads

Which of the following is another name for the sex glands?

gonads

Middle School

grades between elementary and high school. Usually begins with grade 6 and ends with grade 8.

In adolescence, changes in the heart and lungs include

greater lung capacity

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is:

growth of hands and feet.

All of following contribute to a child's ability to increase his or her speed of thinking EXCEPT

growth of new structures in the brain

The first visible sign of puberty in girls is generally

growth of nipples

The first visible sign of puberty in girls is:

growth of the nipples.

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:

growth of the testes; initial pubic-hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche

About ____ of adult bone mass is acquired between the ages of 10 and 20.

half

Researchers believe that hormones and environmental chemicals in the food supply:

have led to both weight gain and early maturation.

Chan is extremely obese, and his physician has recommended gastric bypass surgery. His physician is likely to tell him that he will experience weight loss, but:

he has a 10-percent chance of needing additional surgery.

Married older adults are generally characterized as people who are:

healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people their age.

Gwen is 32-years-old and already worried about getting wrinkles. Which of these does Gwen NOT need to worry about avoiding as she gets older?

healthy fats

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating:

her belief in an imaginary audience

Girls who become pregnant before the age of 15 are more likely to experience:

high blood pressure and spontaneous abortion.

Cyberbullying, which is using electronic means to harm another, is a particularly devastating form of relational bullying that is more common in:

high school more than primary school

HIgh-Stakes Test

high-stakes test: An evaluation that is critical in determining success or failure. If a single test determines whether a student will graduate or be promoted, it is a high-stakes test.

Josias is going through a growth spurt. The FIRST observable evidence will likely be that:

his fingers and toes lengthen

Josias is going through a growth spurt. The first observable evidence will likely be that:

his fingers and toes lengthen

At 54, Bradford is an avid golfer. He noticed that he has lost 20 yards on his drive over the last three years. He also noticed that his back is noticeably stiff after playing a round of golf. His golf teacher tells him that he is no longer able to make as big a turn with the golf club, and this is causing him to lose distance on his drive. This is a result of:

his joints losing flexibility.

John noticed that his testes have grown larger. His next growth event will probably be

his pubic hair begins to appear

Sam is a frail elderly, married man. His caregiver is probably

his wife

The statement "I am still my same happy self, but I look a little different now" is an example of:

holding onto ones' identity

Pavlos, 44, attends a spinning class three times a week. While in class, his breathing quickens, he sweats through his shirt, and he feels the need to drink a lot of water. Pavlos's change in breathing, sweating, and thirst is an example of his body's attempt to maintain:

homeostasis

An organic chemical substance produced in the body and conveyed via the bloodstream is called a:

hormone

An organize chemical substance produced in the body and conveyed via the bloodstream is called a:

hormone

Hormone

hormone: An organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another to affect some physiological function.

An adolescent girl can receive a vaccination for:

human papillomavirus [HPV]

In the brain, the pituitary gland and a structure called the _____ regulate hormones that affect stress, appetite, and sleep.

hypothalamus

Stacey's _____ and pituitary gland are working "overtime" because she is stressed due to a break-up with her boyfriend. Stacey is also binge eating and only sleeping for three hours each night.

hypothalamus

The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the:

hypothalamus

Puberty begins when____ signals the____ to signal the _______

hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal/gonads

The hormonal signal to begin puberty is regulated by the

hypothalamus.

The hormonal signal to begin puberty is regulated by the:

hypothalamus.

Puberty begins with a hormonal signal from the _____ to the _____.

hypothalamus; pituitary gland

Elle loves to think about possibilities and often asks "what if" questions. She is MOST likely engaging in _____ thought

hypothetical

Justine is 14 years old. Her parents are frequently annoyed because Justine tends to ask critical questions, such as, "Why can't I have wine with dinner? You do." or "I don't understand why I'll be able to vote when I'm 18, but I have to wait until I'm 21 to buy alcohol!" This type of thinking is demonstrating Justine's:

hypothetical thinking

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

hypothetical thought

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines

hypothetical thought

What-if propositions require:

hypothetical thought

Blake is learning which of his parents' values he believes in and which are not for him. This is a sign that Blake is approaching:

identity achievement

Heidi comes from an upper-middle-class family, and after high school she went through a period of exploration. She spent some time traveling around Asia, worked at Disneyland for a few summers, and then waited tables in a ski town while learning to snowboard. Now she is attending college and has made a clear commitment to go into business. According to Marcia, Heidi's current identity status would be described as

identity achievement

It is typical for an adolescent experiencing _____ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism

identity diffusion

Simone is struggling with typical social demands such as making friends and putting away her clothes. What is she likely facing?

identity diffusion

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is called:

identity versus role confusion.

Sternberg and Gardner criticize standard IQ tests because the tests

ignore other types of intelligence

When is analytic intelligence usually valued

in college and graduate school

The growth spurt begins with a(n):

increase in bone length

Caitlin is 25 and has dealt with the many transitions that emerging adults face (e.g., going to college, finding a job). If she is like most emerging adults, these transitions have:

increased her self-esteem

An unintended consequence of high-stakes testing is:

increased high school drop out rates

Josh pays attention and participates in class, studies hard, and always completes his homework. Josh MOST likely believes in the _____ approach to intelligence.

incremental theory of intelligence

According to the text, parents and teenagers are trying to find a balance between

independence and control

Tanya is a college junior majoring in psychology. She is scheduled to take a course entitled "Personality" during the next semester. This course MOST likely concerns:

individual differences in thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

The ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions?

inductive reasoning (may be less cognitively advanced than deduction)

What is Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development?

industry versus inferiority

Victims can sometimes stop a bully by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

informing his parents

One result of dissatisfaction with body image is that many teenage girls eat erratically or _____ to lose weight:

ingest drugs such as diet pills

According to the text, adolescents are deficient in their

intake of necessary vitamins and minerals because: Healthy food cost more; unhealthy foods are more desirable; and they eat from vending machines in schools.

Raul is 86 years old and has a strong belief in the interdependence of the human experience. Because of this, he has become very involved in his community during late adulthood and feels more connected to the arts, children, and all other humans. Erikson would describe Raul as reaching

integrity

Older adults seeking to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community is the definition of Erikson's stage of development known as:

integrity versus despair

When 84-year-old Jim was younger, he never wanted to talk about his experiences in the Korean War. Over the last 10 years he openly and proudly talks about his experiences, attends veteran reunions, and wears his Purple Heart hat proudly. Jim is in:

integrity versus despair

Seventy-year-old Carl was a physician for 45 years. Now that he is retired, he volunteers at a free clinic for children. Carl is in Erikson's _____ stage of development.

integrity-versus-despair

incremental approach to intelligence

intelligence can be increased by effort. Can master whatever they seek to learn.

Jack doesn't plan to retire as long as his job as a bank branch manager continues to be satisfying and boosts his self-esteem. He enjoys interacting with both the employees and customers at the branch. Jack is clearly motivated by:

intrinsic

The ability to acquire knowledge without inference or the use of reason

intuition

Eric listens to popular music because it makes him feel like dancing. This rationale demonstrates that Eric is making decisions using _____ thought

intuitive

Fifteen-year-old Richard wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver's license. When his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, "Because I know other kids who do it, and it's just stupid that I have to wait another 3 months until I turn 16." This is an example of what kind of thinking?

intuitive

Roy is late for class and realizes that he left his cell phone at home. He needs to make a fast decision. He will MOST likely rely on _____ thought to inform his decision

intuitive

What type of thought begins with a prior belief, heuristic, or common assumption, rather than a logical premise?

intuitive

What type of thought begins with a prior belief, past experience, or common assumption, rather than a logical premise?

intuitive

Darrin is a 28-year-old male. When he thinks about things, he is more likely to be practical, flexible, and able to coordinate _____ and _____ thought than he was three years ago

intuitive and analytic

Seventeen-year-old Gina typically makes good decisions and stays out of trouble. Her parents were surprised one night to discover that Gina had sneaked out of the house, knowing that if she were caught she would be grounded and lose driving privileges and the use of her cell phone. When questioned about her decision to sneak out, Gina told her parents that her best friend was having a hard time, so Gina "had to" go talk to her at 3:00 A.M. Nothing else mattered, she told her parents. Gina seemed to have made her decision to sneak out based on _____ thinking.

intuitive thinking

A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a(n)

intuitive thought

A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a(n):

intuitive thought

The dual-process model of adolescent thought suggests that two distinct pathways exist in the brain to process thought. One pathway processes analytic thought. The other pathway processes

intuitive thought

Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a gut feeling is referred to as:

intuitive thought

Teens are likely to experiment with drugs and have unprotected sex because of:

invincibility fable

James and Sarah have three young grandchildren. Because both parents work, they take the grandchildren to doctor appointments, team practices, and pick them up from school, where they stay until their parents are off of work. James and Sarah would be considered _____ grandparents

involved

James and Sarah have three young grandchildren. Because both parents work, they take the grandchildren to doctor appointments, team practices, and pick them up from school, where they stay until their parents are off of work. James and Sarah would be considered _____ grandparents.

involved

Menstruation depletes a woman's body of:

iron

Which two of the following nutrients are likely to be deficient in the adolescent diet?

iron and calcium

Karen wants to learn specific skills in order to secure a good job. It is likely that she

is in college

Child sexual abuse:

is most common in early puberty.

A 14-year-old boy has disproportionately large feet and hands and a big nose. He most likely:

is near the beginning of his growth spurt

fMRI studies on the brain concluded that emotional control:

is not fully developed until adulthood.

The prefrontal cortex:

is responsible for planning ahead and emotional regulation.

As of 2010, reliable, longitudinal, multidisciplinary, replicated research on the brains of typical 10- to 17-year-olds:

is scarce.

According to research, the most popular young children are:

kind and cooperative

refers to the number of years the average newborn in a particular population is likely to live. Nikolas and Andrea are both 85 years old, have been married for over 50 years, and are extremely happy in their long-lasting relationship. According to the text, which behavior(s) would likely predict their happiness?

kissing and hugging

The three levels and six stages of moral reasoning were developed by

kohlberg

Jamal is struggling academically since he began middle school. He misses being in a single room and doesn't like going to different classrooms for every subject. Jamal is MOST likely suffering due to

lack of connections to his teachers

Meagan is raised in a high-income family. According to the text, Meagan may exhibit all of the following developmental problems in high school due to parental pressure for her to excel EXCEPT

lack of parental attention

Timor is a college freshman. If he is typical, he MOST likely has the goal of:

learning specific career skills to secure a good job.

The hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is:

leptin

What is the name of the hormone which is high at the onset of puberty and affects appetite, especially in girls?

leptin

The hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty is:

leptin.

Early neurological impairments increase the risk of a child's becoming a(n)

life-course-persistent offender

Macy's parents announced to her and her 2 siblings that they are getting a divorce after 32 years of marriage. Macy is 23, and her siblings are also adults. All are devastated and confused. For example, Macy does not know which parent she should come home to after she graduates this spring. This situation is an example of how the _____ of family members affect each other.

linked lives

Martha and Rob, married for nearly 50 years and both in their 70s, can expect to differ from unmarried people by

living longer, being happier, and being wealthier

Thinking based on earlier or otherwise known statements, events, or conditions; reasonable

logical ex.Rain was a logical expectation, given the time of year

It is October, and Carol is writing a paper about her vacation from last summer for her English class. Which kind of memory is she relying on the MOST in order to do this project?

long term

By late adulthood, telomeres are _____ in women than in men and _____ in African Americans than European Americans.

longer; shorter

According to your text, when _____ is/are conducted, testing the same people over and over as they age results in improved scores until late adulthood

longitudinal research

According to Sigmund Freud, what do adults need in order to develop a healthy personality

love and work

Marcus has been happily married to Laila for the last five years and is very secure in their relationship. Over the last year, he has worked very hard to try to get a bonus and recognition from his job. According to Maslow, Marcus has achieved the _____ level and is attempting to reach the _____ level.

love;respect

According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are:

low income and high conflict

Laurie's parents notice when she comes home from college after completing her first year that she is happier and has better self-esteem. Research cited in the text suggests that the reason for this is due to:

making her own decisions

Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence is known to affect memory, language proficiency, and motivation?

marijuana

Family conflict and stress

may cause the early onset of puberty

Avery is a teenager and recently gave birth to a child. This information correlates with higher rates of which of the following lifelong problems?

medical educational social

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, recently retired Joyce will likely seek familiar social contacts that reinforce all of the following EXCEPT

memory

A malnourished girl will most likely not have her _____ at the average age of 12 years and 8 months.

menarche

Jade is taking a short math quiz. By answering the easy questions first so that she can devote most of her time to the more difficult questions, Jade is displaying:

metacognition

During which stage of Alzheimer's disease are people able to care for themselves but still possibly engage in dangerous behaviors

middle

If Mike is struggling to achieve generativity rather than stagnation, Mike is probably

middle-aged

Erika is in elementary school. She is in the developmental period known as

middle-childhood

Tenisha's decision to join the army and "see the world" before she settles on her career illustrates the concept of:

moratorium

Tenisha's decision to join the army and see the world before she settles on her career illustrates the concept of:

moratorium

Serious depression among adolescents is

more common in females than in males

Serious depression among adolescents is:

more common in females than in males.

High-stakes testing as a requirement for high school graduation potentially results in:

more dropouts

As friendships change during the school years, children are MOST likely to

more of their friends

In 2015, Renee turned 64 and her granddaughter, Victoria, turned 15. According to United Nations predictions, there were

more people younger than Victoria.

In one study, adolescents report becoming ________ as they get older.

more religious

With some exceptions, adolescent boys use ________ drugs, and use them ________ often, than girls do:

more; more

Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that:

most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities would allow

In a study of adolescent thinking, Paul Klaczynski concluded that:

most teens can use logic but they do not.

Jay closed his eyes when he accidentally looked into the sun and covered his ears when he heard a loud noise. What helped Jay's brain respond to the environment?

natural rhythms

In 2006, Gardner added two intelligences to his framework: _____, which involves understanding nature, as in biology, zoology, or farming, and existential, which involves asking questions about life and death.

naturalistic

In adulthood, age is _____ correlated with the size of an individual's social circle.

negatively

A child who is ignored, but not shunned, by his or her peers is considered a(n) _____ child

neglected

Martha, a jail guard, is critical of everyone and does not like to travel because of anxiety. Her dominant personality trait is probably

neuroticism

Neuroimaging studies of the brains of people high in _____ found increased activity in the areas associated with stress, depression, threat, and punishment as compared with people with normal or lower levels of this trait

neuroticism

dual-process model

notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analysis of stimuli.

School-age children thrive if the family

nurtures peer relationships

Brittney is 7 years old and is _____, which means that she is among the 18 percent of U.S. children her age with a BMI above the 95th percentile.

obese

William has a BMI of 32. He would be considered

obese

It is impossible for ecological validity to be totally _____, as people differ too much about the ecological value of different aspects of cognition

objective

According to the text, the BEST employees may be

older, more experienced workers

According to the National Center for Health Statistics (2014), cardiovascular deaths in 2013 were less than _____ the rate in 1960

one-fourth

Tasha is a senior in high school in the United States. She has never had sex. What fraction of high school seniors would Tasha be a part of according to a 2013 study in the United States?

one-third

Rachel is 49 years old. During her yearly physical, she was told that her heart and lungs are losing capacity as a natural part of the aging process. Rachel replied that she did not notice any change and that she felt as she did when she was 25. Rachel's inability to notice any change in her breathing and heart can be attributed to:

organ reserve

Another name for a female's sex glands is:

ovaries

In females, the glands that are sometimes perceived as the sex glands are the

ovaries

Primary source of sex hormones in females

ovaries

The sex glands in a female are called _____, and the sex glands in a male are called _____.

ovaries; testicles.

Maggie is 9 years old and considered _____ because her BMI is above the 85th percentile for children in her age range

overweight

Terrance has a BMI of 27. He would be considered:

overweight

One night while home alone, 16-year-old Ruby ingested as many prescription and over-the-counter medications as she could find. Her parents found her unconscious and she was taken to the hospital where her stomach was pumped, and she survived the incident. What Ruby did is referred to as:

parasuicide

Any deliberate action of self-harm that could have been lethal but was not is referred to as:

parasuicide.

parental monitoring

parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where and with whom.

Variable timing may add to intergroup tensions in multiethnic schools, because:

peer approval is more important in adolescence than is approval from adults.

Variable timing may add to intergroup tensions in multiethnic schools, since:

peer approval is more important in adolescence than is approval from adults.

Process of becoming aware of the world around you through your senses to allow you to perceive your environment and act in response to it

perception *remember this for perceptual thinking

adolescence limited offender

person who's criminal activity stops by age 21

life course persistent offender

person who's criminal activity usually begins in early ado. snd continues throughout life; a career criminal.

gender identity

person's acceptance of their roles and behaviors that society associates with biological categories of male and female

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than other peoples'. This is part of their:

personal fable

Young brains have both fast-growing synapses and sections that remain unconnected, which allow new connections to facilitate the acquisition of new:

personality patterns, words, ideas

bickering

petty arguing usually repeated and on going

According to the text, teenagers are likely to experience sleep deprivation as a consequence of their

phase-delayed sleep-wake patterns

According to the text, teenagers are likely to experience sleep deprivation as a consequence of their:

phase-delayed sleep-wake patterns.

Teenagers are likely to experience sleep deprivation as a consequence of their:

phase-delayed sleep-wake patterns.

Which of the following glands receives signals directly from the hypothalamus?

pituitary

After her physician told her that she needs to lose weight because she is a high risk for type 2 diabetes, Marcie decided she would join Weight Watchers and located a meeting for the next day. According to the section in the textbook entitled "A Habit is Hard to Break," Marcie is in the _____ step of her habit change

planning

According to the text, which characteristic of developmental study is particularly relevant to understanding personality

plasticity

Erik Erikson described the four aspects of identity as the religious, the sexual, the vocational, and the:

political

Erikson described four aspects of identity—the religious, the sexual, the vocational, and the

political

Shawn, 24, is a typical emerging adult who has experienced many transitions, such as leaving home, moving to a new city, and finding a job. Research has shown that these experiences are likely to lead to:

positive changes in his personality

Madge best remembers the good times in her life and does not talk much about the difficult or bad times. Psychologists refer to this as the:

positivity effects

Students who had friends from various cultural backgrounds are MOST likely to show advances in:

post formal thinking

Ken is able to think about contradictory elements and combine them into a comprehensive whole. The stage of cognitive development that enables him to do this is called _____ thought.

post formal thought

Jack registered as a conscientious objector during the Vietnam War. He believed that it is wrong to take the lives of others. If necessary, Jack would serve time in jail rather than participate in an armed conflict. Jack's reasoning reflects the _____ stage of moral development

postconventional

What type of intelligence would be MOST valued and useful in times when food is scarce and basic survival a challenge?

practical

Thinking in adulthood is distinguished from earlier thinking in that it is:

practical, flexible, and imaginative

When sexual or physical characteristics mature earlier than normal

precocious puberty

Latisha experienced menarche at the age of 5 years. Latisha has experienced:

precocious puberty *menarche is the first menstruation

Sexual development before age 8 is referred to as:

precocious puberty.

The "aging in place" phenomenon might suggest that many elderly persons do NOT move to Florida or Arizona because they

prefer to live in their own home and stay in familiar surroundings

Of the following parts of the brain, which is the last to fully mature in adolescence?

prefrontal cortex

What is the last part of the brain to mature?

prefrontal cortex

Margie is planning her daughter's 16th birthday party and trying not to cry, thinking how her daughter seems to be growing up too fast. She is using the part of her brain that is called the:

prefrontal cortex.

According to the text, younger pregnant teenagers often postpone:

prenatal care.

Sally is 85 years old and recently fell and broke her hip. While she was in the hospital, she developed pneumonia. Sally's development of pneumonia is most likely due to changes associated with:

primary aging

The universal and irreversible physical changes that occur to all living creatures as they grow older is referred to as

primary aging

When someone attempts to solve a problem or stressor by attacking or confronting it, it is called the _____ coping strategy.

problem focused

The pubertal growth spurt:

proceeds from the extremities to the core.

A bully-victim, who is also called a _____ victim, is someone who strikes back ineffectively and who is attacked as well.

provocative

Early _____ correlates with early sexual activity in boys and girls.

puberty

Late _____ correlates with anxiety and depression in boys.

puberty

The years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood is called:

puberty

The years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood are called:

puberty.

Jeremy is 7 years old and has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably:

put weights on both sides without considering distance from the center of the scale

Chen just graduated from college with a chemistry degree and accepted his first position with a pharmaceutical company. Which is NOT a reason that Chen may lose his job involuntarily?

quitting due to dissatisfaction

Jamal, who is African American, has no Mexican American friends. Yet he says that he would like to see more Mexican American students enrolled in his university and favors more financial aid to increase enrollment of Mexican American students. By voicing these concerns Jamal is demonstrating:

rational tolerance

Anthony is an adopted child and has recently been diagnosed with a disorder from the DSM-5. His parents have mentioned that he does not show any love towards them. According to the text, Anthony is demonstrating an example of _____ attachment disorder.

reactive

Jessica is 10 years old. She can MOST likely do each of the following EXCEPT:

read a 100 words per minute

Ever since he began puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should:

realize that this is due to hormonal shifts

The process of forming conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts or premises.

reasoning

Deductive reasoning

reasoning from a general statement, premise or principle through logical steps to figure out specifics. Called top-down reasoning

Inductive reasoning

reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion. bottom-up reasoning

hypothetical thought

reasoning that include prepositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

Compared to preadolescents;adolescents' thinking about science is more likely to:

recognize alternative possibilities

Adolescent egocentrism makes it difficult for adolescents to

recognize their own vulnerability to dangerous situations

It is October, and Carol is writing a paper about her vacation from last summer for her English class. Which kind of memory is she relying on the MOST in order to do this project?

reduced accident rates

The average life expectancy

refers to the number of years the average newborn in a particular population is likely to live.

Fifteen-year-old Greta's parents are active in the Republican party. Based on generalized statistics, Greta's political beliefs will most likely:

reflect the beliefs of her parents.

Which type of bullying is particularly likely to be accelerated through the use of technology?

relational

_____ is a positive adaptation to stress. For example, if rejection by a parent leads a child to establish a closer relationship with another adult, perhaps a grandparent or the parent of a neighbor child, that is positive adaptation, not mere passive endurance.

relilience

From a developmental perspective, the fact that today's workers frequently change jobs is problematic for an older worker because

relocation becomes more difficult with age; many skills and types of knowledge required for a new job have not been learned by the older worker ; seniority becomes a disadvantage when one must seek a new job (all of these are correct)

A key word in the definition of bullying is

repeated

rumination

repeatedly talking and thinking about past experiences; can contribute to depression

Mishka is struggling with her identity and tends to have negative opinions about values, lifestyle, and friendships. Which pathology is she MOST likely to display based on Erikson's theory?

repudiation

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

result in earlier puberty.

Living in a stressful environment has been found to:

results in earlier puberty

An older person's saying "I know, but I just can't remember" indicates a problem with

retrieval

The imaginary audience leads a teenager to

revel in attention and avoid scrutiny.

Abra is 17 and does not seem to know or care about her identity. She ignores school assignments, has not looked at colleges, and sleeps away the weekends. Erikson would say that she is in a state of

role confusion

Preserving the self is crucial to older adults. This explains all of the following EXCEPT

rying to forget the past and focus on the present

Many adults today

say that they are not racially biased and their behavior shows no explicit bias

Hormone levels may explain sex differences in psychopathology. Males have twice the rate of _____ and females have twice the rate of _____.

schizophrenia; depression

Estelle has Alzheimer's disease. Recently, her speech has become aimless and repetitive, she is experiencing more confusion, and at times gets her words mixed up. She is MOST likely in which stage of the disease?

second

The period after primary education and before tertiary education is called

secondary education

Over the last two centuries, children have tended to reach their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the name for this type of phenomenon?

secular trend

Dee is a 9-year-old girl. According to the text, what is Dee MOST likely to do immediately after an initial punitive response?

seek punishment rather than repair damage

The secular trend in growth:

seems to have stopped in developed nations.

entity approach to intelligence

sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity at birth. Effort does not enhance achievement.

Even though Evelyn has just retired, she still continues to set personal goals, assess her abilities and figure out how to accomplish her goals despite limitations in her physical abilities. Evelyn's actions are an example of:

selective optimization with compensation.

Lorna and John have been married for 47 years and have adjusted to the biological changes that have occurred in their sexual arousal, but many also have improved their relationship in the process. This is an example of:

selective optimization with compensation.

Psychosocial development in late adulthood is BEST understood by examining:

self theories and stratification theories

Eleven-year-old Latonya had to give a speech to her class describing herself to her classmates. Latonya's speech is a description of her

self-concept

Lydia is at the end of her middle childhood years. Her _____ will become more fragile during this time as self-criticism and self-consciousness rises.

self-esteem (self concept is cognitive)

Twenty-year-old Derek has had a series of unsuccessful romantic relationships. In each relationship, when his partner begins to ask about his past experiences, his feelings about aspects of the relationship, and his thoughts about himself, he begins a passive-aggressive withdrawal. According to Erikson, this is an example of _____ that will lead to _____.

self-protection; isolation

An explanation for an older adult's perceiving the words "ear ants" for the word "interference" is

sensory loss

Franz, who is 5 years old, can count to 100, but he cannot correctly estimate where 22 is placed on a number line that starts at 0 and ends at 100. This means that Franz is having problems with:

seriation

If high schools want to decrease the incidence of violence, they should

set clear standards of student behavior

cluster suicides

several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period of time

Poor circulation, viruses, and drug abuse could all contribute to _____ in middle adulthood

severe brain loss

Senalat, age 72, lives in Ethiopia. It is likely that:

she is more strongly committed to her religious heritage as a Muslim than her cultural or national background.

Teenage girls from just about every developed nation around the world have _____ concerns about their weight.

similar

Intimacy versus isolation is Erikson's _____ developmental crisis

sixth

Warren has come to the realization that only he can make important decisions about his life and cannot assume that someone else can make the decision for him. Warren is in Perry's _____ position

sixth

Barry and Sharon have raised five children and have experienced the normal challenges of family life. As their family grew, they experienced more family problems. Therefore, it can be said that Barry and Sharon experience a positive correlation between family _____ and family problems.

size

Sheri lives with her maternal grandmother. Sheri's father is incarcerated, and her mother is an active addict living on the streets. This example illustrates a(n) _____ family.

skipped-generation

Isaiah lives with his paternal grandmother. His father is absent, and his mother is dead. Next door, Destiny lives with her mother and her maternal grandparents. Isaiah lives in a(n) _____ family. Destiny lives in a(n) _____.

skipped-generation; extended family

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland regulate hormones that affect:

sleep, stress, appetite

The rate of growth during middle childhood is

slow and steady

Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. We can expect their academic achievement to

slow down

What is the leading cause of preventable mortality and morbidity in the United States

smoking cigarettes

Many researchers believe that so-called teenage rebellion is not developmentally universal, but rather the result of cultural expectations and assumptions. They call the concept of "teenage rebellion" a:

social construction.

Because Iris thinks that it is moral to break the law in some circumstances, Kohlberg would place her moral reasoning at the:

social contract

Justin takes towels from his hotel rooms when on vacation and feels it is okay because no one is hurt by it, but he does not feel it is okay to go over the speed limit when driving because speeding could result in an accident. Kohlberg would place Justin's moral reasoning at the _____ stage because he thinks that it is morally okay to break the law in some circumstances.

social contract

According to the text, early and exclusive romance often signifies _____, especially for girls.

social trouble

Mika, who is 85 years old, believes that his future time is limited. He has started to spend more time thinking about the meaning of life and how to show his family and friends that he truly appreciates them. Mika is demonstrating the _____ theory.

socioemotional selectivity

For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is the

spermarche

Which complication is often associated with teen pregnancy?

spontaneous abortion

As Jennifer approaches her 50th birthday, her fear of death has increased. As a result, she has decided to take all she can from life "before I have nothing left." Jennifer has been buying clothes and going on expensive vacations. She has stopped teaching Sunday school at her church and spends little time with her two children, who are in college. Erikson would likely describe Jennifer as

stagnant

Erikson would describe an older adult who is unsuccessful at achieving generativity as

stagnant

Seventy-six-year-old Jackson is asked to participate in a study on aging and memory. When he enters the room to take the memory test, he sees that all of the other subjects are college students. Jackson's scores end up being significantly lower than the scores of others despite having no symptoms of dementia and being known for having a good memory. Jackson's scores were affected by:

stereotype threat

eshaun is a 20-year-old African American male who believes that academic success is for females and whites. He feels that African American males are held back academically. He may be experiencing:

stereotype threat

Vern just entered high school this year. Recently he has been skipping a lot of classes and is starting to vandalize property at night with his friends. These behaviors could be a sign that Vern is experiencing:

stress

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland regulate hormones that affect:

stress, appetite, and sleep

In which situation would analytical intelligence be the MOST useful?

studying for finals exams

Eighty-one-year-old Hank talks humorously about his younger days, which included sneaking his Dad's liquor, various sexual exploits, and illegal drag racing. He views these experiences as part of "growing up" and harmless. Hank's attitude toward his previous behavior is known as:

sucker to saint phenomenon

Sasha and Amir are adolescents and not very happy with their bodies. They are likely to be depressed and have thoughts of _____.

suicide

Seventeen-year-old Freya turns to her parents when she has problems with her friends and when she needs help with her college applications. This is reflective of which aspect of family closeness?

support

Juanita and Miguel are raising their two grandchildren after their mother was arrested and placed in prison. The father has never been involved with the children. Juanita and Miguel are:

surrogate parents.

One result of dissatisfaction with body image is that many teenage boys:

take steroids to increase muscle mass.

Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience:

teasing and name-calling from her classmates

According to the text, _____ are often sleep deprived.

teenagers

The text describes an experiment comparing teens' and emerging adults' risk behaviors when playing the video driving game Chicken with and without their peers. The study revealed that:

teens were more willing to take chances when playing with peers than were the adults.

Early-maturing girls

tend to have lower self esteem than late maturing girls

Early-maturing girls:

tend to have lower self-esteem than late-maturing girls.

Social comparison

tendency to assess one's own abilities by measuring them against those of other people.

As Charles was drying himself off after taking a shower, he noticed that his _____ had grown, which is the first visible sign of puberty in boys.

testes

Primary source of sex hormones in males

testes

The term gonads refers to

testes in boys and ovaries in girls

For males, the hormone that produces most sexual changes is:

testosterone

primary male hormone

testosterone

The route that many hormones follow to trigger the changes of puberty is known as:

the HPA axis.

According to the text, emotions rule behavior for many teens because:

the amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex does.

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is:

the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche.

A characteristic of adolescent egocentrism is

the belief that one's emotional experiences are misunderstood by others

With both cyberbullying and cutting, according to the textbook, the danger lies in:

the cognition of the person at the computer keyboard

Brian feels that, no matter what he does, he will not be good at math because he was born without strong math skills. Brian is demonstrating _____, which MOST likely will reduce his ability to learn.

the entity theory of intelligence

Which of the following behaviors seems to reduce the risk of an adolescent developing an eating disorder?

the family sharing meals together

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by

the growth of the heart and lungs

A change that typically occurs during adolescence is

the heart doubles in size and beats more slowly

The overall rate of teen births in the United States is:

the highest of all developed nations

The overall rate of teen births in the United States is:

the highest of any developed nation, except for Japan.

generational forgetting

the idea that each generation forgets what the previous generation learned. Ex- harm from drugs

Teens often believe that they are at center stage and that others are intensely interested in them because of:

the imaginary audience.

The use of mental processes to search for information, analyze it, and then express the analysis of the information describes:

the information-processing theory

Adolescent egocentrism leads to:

the invincibility fable and the imaginary audience.

Adolescents are less susceptible to respiratory ailments because:

the lymphoid system decreases in size.

sunk cost fallacy

the mistaken belief that money, time, or effort that cannot be recovered has already been invested in some endeavor then more should be invested in an effort to reach the goal the goal. Ex-spending more money on a car that is a lemon

Regarding the concept of the sandwich generation, most developmentalists agree that:

the notion of the "sandwich" generation is more myth than reality.

According to your text, families who are very wealthy raise children with high rates of emotional problems. This is thought to be, in part, because

the parents pressure the children to excel.

According to your text, families who are very wealthy raise children with high rates of emotional problems. This is thought to be, in part, because

the parents pressure the children to maintain high achievement

The still-developing prefrontal cortex and the full development of the limbic system are at least partially responsible for:

the passion and commitment with which adolescents and young adults embrace nontraditional ideas.

Fifteen-year-old Jordan believes that she is destined for greatness. She knows that she is going to be the first female president of the United States and does not listen to anyone who tells her that she should be "more realistic" in her goals. Jordan's feelings about her future are an example of:

the personal fable

Sixteen-year-old Yung Sun has been dating Marcus for two months. She believes that no one has ever been in love as much as she is in love with Marcus. She feels insulted whenever her parents tell her that the relationship probably will not last. Yung Sun's feelings are an example of:

the personal fable.

What is the LAST part of the brain to mature?

the prefrontal cortex

Like obesity, asthma is

the product of both nature and nurture

Jose enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which of the following will be most beneficial to him in reaching his full potential?

the rapid changes in myelination in his brain and the guidance of an experienced coach

Which of the following could account for the increase in pathology seen in adolescence?

the stress of entering high school during puberty puberty activating genes that predispose a teen to psychopathology family conflict during adolescence

Adolescent egocentrism refers to:

the thinking that leads young people to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others.

Changes in primary sex characteristics during puberty include:

the uterus and the testes begin to grow.

In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to which of the following?

the view that one is noticed by everyone

Adolescent egocentrism is evident when teenagers believe:

they personally are much more socially significant than they actually are

One of the most prominent aspects of adolescent thought is the ability to:

think in terms of possibilities

suicidal ideation

thinking about suicide usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones

intuitive thought

thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions

analytical thought

thought that results from analysis such as systemic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences possibilities and facts. Analytic thought depends on logic and rationality.

Bulimia nervosa is about _____ as common as anorexia nervosa

three times

Martin, age 86, is no longer able to bathe and dress himself. He also needs help eating. He is considered

to be frail

Martin, age 86, is no longer able to bathe and dress himself. He also needs help eating. He is considered

to be frail.

Matthew is a fully formed adolescent boy. The _____ was/were the last part(s) of Matthew's body to develop.

torso

The last part(s) of the adolescent body to be fully formed is (are) the:

torso

The last part(s) of the adolescent body to be fully formed is (are) the:

torso.

The average 17-year-old girl has:

twice the body fat percentage of her 17 year old male classmate

The dual-process model of thinking is defined by the notion that:

two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli

About ______ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes

two-thirds

Demarcus avoids conversing with his elderly neighbors but will help them if they express a need. Demarcus is unaware he is avoiding his elderly neighbors until it is pointed out to him by his wife. His discomfort is MOST likely an example of:

unconscious prejudice

Sixty-eight-year-olds Steven and Rosa are looking for a house that can accommodate Steven's mild visual problems and Rosa's moderate motor difficulties. The type of house that would BEST suit their needs is a(n)

universal design

Humans do not have specific brain structures dedicated to reading. The brain compensates for this by:

using several parts of the brain that are interconnected

Bickering between adolescents and their parents:

usually diminishes when the child develops emotional maturity

Ideally, social comparison helps children to

value their abilities.

Jordan and a bunch of her neighbors have decided to pool their resources so that they can stay in their homes but also have social assistance when they all need it. Jordan and her neighbors are setting up

village care.

A group of 6- to 11-year-olds spent summer camp together. Even though each child came from different counties and had different interests, by the end of the camp they valued

wanting to be similar to their peers

Teenage girls from just about every developed nation around the world have similar concerns about their _____.

weight

Ming-Lee, a teenager from China, and Sara Jo, a teenager in the United States, have similar anxieties about:

weight gain.

The growth spurt typically occurs during puberty in the following order

weight, height, muscle

Sierra is a shy and anxious second-grader. Her peers dislike her. She appears to be a(n) _____ child.

withdrawn - rejected

A child who is rejected by peers because of timid and anxious behavior is referred to as:

withdrawn-rejected

In today's society

work, marriage, and parenting occur later than they used to

Seven-year-old Tijuana is studying her addition math facts. She repeats each addition problem with the answer several times and then tests herself. Tijuana is storing the answer in _____ memory, so it can be stored later into long-term memory.

working

The component of the brain in which current conscious mental activity occurs is _____ memory

working

Research suggests that:

working 20 or more hours while attending high school impedes identity formation

Eighty-two-year-old Matthew becomes frustrated because he forgets where he placed items, such as his reading glasses seconds after putting them down. Several times his son will find water glasses all over the house because Matthew forgets he already poured himself a glass of water. Matthew also tends to repeat himself quite a bit. Matthew's problem is caused by a reduction in:

working memory

Lily arrives at Carmelita's house so they can walk to school. When Carmelita sees Lily's science notebook in her partially opened backpack, Carmelita rushes back into her house to retrieve her own notebook, which contains an assignment due that day. Carmelita's sensation upon seeing Lily's notebook became a perception. This triggered Carmelita's:

working memory

Roberto and his wife Michele are middle-aged and have been married for 32 years. They have reported that their sex life has deteriorated due to a major concern of Michele's. According to the text, Michele would likely:

worry that she is less attractive.

Puberty

years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood, producing a person of adult shape and size and sexuality.

Adolescent sexual behavior is strongly influenced by:

Culture, early maturity, peer pressure.

Which of the following statements is true, according to your text?

D. More than 90 percent of American teens use the Internet daily.

Which of the following adolescents will be most likely to experience menarche first: A. Cecilia, who is of Mexican descent B. Michelle, who is of German descent C. Maria, who is of Asian descent D. Rebecca, who is of African descent

D. Rebecca, who is of African descent

Which theorist first described adolescent egocentrism?

David Elkind

Circadian rhythm

Day night cycle of biological activity that occurs ever 24 hrs.

Deviancy training

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms

Limbic system; prefrontal cortex

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.

Weight, height, muscles

During puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in this order.

The torso

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow?

Bulimia Nervosa

Eating disorder. Binge eating and then puking or laxatives

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder. Self starvation. Can be fatal.

Withdrawn Rejected

Eloisa is a child who is rejected by her peers because she exhibits timid and anxious behaviors. According to the text, Eloisa is referred to as a(n) _____-rejected child.

Peer pressure

Encouragement to conform to one's friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude; usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority

Which statement is NOT a reason for the traditional pyramidal shape of the demographic pyramid?

Environmental factors ensured that each cohort was reduced consistently after age 50.

_____ is a basic principle of developmental psychopathology that holds that one symptom can have many causes.

Equifinality

Foreclosure

Erickson's term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts his or her parents' or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis

Identity achievement

Erickson's term for the attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans

Identity versus role confusion

Erickson's term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out "Who am I?" but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt

The MOST comprehensive self theory was developed by

Erikson

foreclosure

Erikson term. Premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents or societys roles and values wholesale, without question or analysis

Identity achievement

Erikson's term for the attainment of identity/ the point when a person understands that they are individual

At adolescence, a girl's gonads increase the production of _____.

Estradiol

At adolescence, the gonads increase the production of sex hormones: ___ in girls and ___ in boys.

Estradiol; testosterone.

In North America, the ideal body type and facial appearance is tall, thin, and:

European American.

imaginary audience

Everyone is watching. Makes teenagers very self conscious.

In what way does weight affect puberty?

Excess weight results in earlier puberty.

Which statement is TRUE about caregivers?

Family caregivers may feel resentment over their caregiving obligation

Dr. Strauss is looking at risk factors such as low income, divorce, single parenthood, and unemployment to see if they increase stress in families. What research model will Dr. Strauss MOST likely use?

Family-stress model

Clinical depression

Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic?

Females' hips grow wider.

Spermarche

First ejaculation signals sperm production. Can occur during sleep or with stimulation

Menarche

First period signaling that she has begun ovulation. Often irregular for years

Gerry likes to play Trivial Pursuit, do crossword puzzles, and write poetry. He is MOST likely high in _____ intelligence.

Fluid

Dr. Mason is conducting a study of the differences in intelligence across two generations. He knows that he must consider the differences between education and health care when comparing the measurement of intelligence because he understands the influence of the _____ effect.

Flynn

Which of the following is true of all eating disorders?

Food consumption is disconnected from the internal cues of hunger.

A person who adopts his or her parents' values without question or analysis is said to be in:

Foreclosure.

Randy is in the stage of ___ if his thinking is no longer dependent on concrete experiences.

Formal operational thought.

latency

Freud's term for middle childhood, during which children's emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quiet (latent). Freud thought that sexual conflicts from earlier stages are only temporarily submerged, bursting forth again at puberty.

_____ affects parts of the brain that regulate emotion, causing compassion and self-awareness to fade

Fronto-temporal neurocognitive disorder

Teenage girls are more susceptible to sexually transmitted infections than mature women are because:

Fully developed women have some natural biological defenses against STIs.

Pituitary

Gland in brain that responds to signal from hypothalamus by producing hormones

"Secondary Education" refers to:

Grades 7 through 12.

HPA

HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis: A sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then to the adrenal glands.

The sequence of hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known as the:

HPA axis

HPG

HPG (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis: A sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to the pituitary, and then to the gonads.

About ___ of adult bone mass is acquired between the ages of 10 and 20.

Half

The finding of a study of middle school students in Los Angeles suggest that ___ makes students feel safer and less lonely.

Having someone to blame

Su Lee, a teenager, questions her parents as to why she cannot stay out late at night. Which of the following statements is likely true of Su Lee's brain development?

Her synaptic growth enhances moral development.

Su Lee, a teenager, questions her parents as to why she cannot stray out late at night. Which of the following statements is likely true of Su Lee's brain development?

Her synaptic growth enhances moral development.

Damian is an 8-year-old boy who is obese. What is MOST apt to happen if he continues to be obese through adolescence?

Hey may experience loneliness

Jorge has been very healthy during adolescence. Why is he LESS susceptible to respiratory ailments?

His lymphoid system (tonsils and adenoids) decreases in size.

An organic chemical substance produced in the body and conveyed via the bloodstream is called a:

Hormone

Leptin

Hormone that affects appetite and is believed to effect the onset of puberty. Increases during childhood and peaks at 12.

Body Image

How you think your body looks

HPA

Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis-sequence of h. Production starts with hypothalamus then pituitary and then adrenal glands.

HPG

Hypothalamus pituitary gonads axis

Owen is unable to manage his money, pay his bills, and operate household appliances. Owen also has problems keeping appointments or remembering to eat fruits and vegetables. Owen has problems with:

IADLs

Intellectual aptitude is measured with

IQ Tests

What is the following common form of assisted reproductive technology has led to an estimated 5 million births

IVF

Silas is having trouble even thinking about college or a career and seems to be very disorganized. What is he likely facing?

Identity diffusion

The individual who engages in hypothetical thought clearly demonstrates an understanding of the word:

If

Formal operational thought

In Piaget's theory, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, characterized by more systematic logical thinking and by the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts

Formal Operational Thought

In Piaget's theory, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, characterized by more systematic logical thinking and by the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts.

Eighty-four-year-old Leonard and Vivian have been married for 62 years. Vivian has been disabled with Alzheimer disease over the last two years. According to research cited in the text (Cornwell, 2012), which statement about the consequences of Leonard's responsibility to provide care for Vivian is likely to be FALSE?

In long-term marriages, if one spouse is disabled and needs care, the spouse providing the care is likely to feel that the marriage is no longer equal in give-and-take

Eighty-four-year-old Leonard and Vivian have been married for 62 years. Vivian has been disabled with Alzheimer disease over the last two years. According to research cited in the text (Cornwell, 2012), which statement about the consequences of Leonard's responsibility to provide care for Vivian is likely to be FALSE?

In long-term marriages, if one spouse is disabled and needs care, the spouse providing the care is likely to feel that the marriage is no longer equal in give-and-take.

Early adolescence

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in:

Mothers and daughters

In typical relationships, one would expect the MOST bickering between:

Jay is a 16-year-old European American gay male living in rural Alaska. The Internet could be a way that Jay could do all of the following EXCEPT:

Increase his isolation

Concluding that a four-legged furry animal that wags its tail when it is happy and that likes to fetch sticks is a dog would be an example of:

Inductive reasoning.

Nine-year-old Charles can't wait to attend his first cartooning class. He is eager to learn and practice a new skill. Charles would be placed in Erikson's fourth psychosocial crisis, which is the crisis of _____ versus inferiority

Industry

Vygotsky viewed _____ as being crucial to children's development of skills and knowledge.

Instruction (learning from others)

Intuitive Thought

Intuitive thought begins with a belief, assumption, or general rule, rather than logic

Research finds that there is one decided advantage to cohabitation. What is it

It helps people save money by living together.

What effect does malnutrition have on puberty?

It tends to delay the onset of puberty

Who is NOT pondering an arena of identity?

Izak, who believes that living at home will help him focus on his studies during college

Which teen is MOST likely to be a life-course-persistent offender?

Jeff, who has low intelligence and suffered from severe malnutrition and abuse as a child

Which scenario is fairly common during adolescence?

Jose feels sad from time to time and thinks sometimes about killing himself.

Incremental Approach

Josh pays attention and participates in class, studies hard, and always completes his homework. Josh most likely believes in which approach to intelligence?

Social Contract Stage

Justin takes towels from his hotel rooms when on vacation and feels it's okay because no one is hurt by it, but he does not feel it is okay to go over the speed limit when driving because speeding could result in an accident. Kohlberg would place Justin's moral reasoning at the _____ contract stage because he thinks that it is morally okay to break the law in some circumstances.

Karen is a healthy 70-year-old mother of two adult children. Which statement is most likely to be TRUE?

Karen is giving financial aid to her children

The adolescent who will probably find puberty most difficult is:

Katya, an early maturer

A negative aspect of _____ approach is that he did not seem to recognize that, although children's moral values differ from those of adults, they may be equally valid.

Kohlberg's

preconventional moral reasoning:

Kohlberg's first level of moral reasoning, emphasizing rewards and punishments.

conventional moral reasoning

Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning, emphasizing social rules.

Kohlbergs Stage Three

Kohlberg's stage three in level two (conventional moral reasoning) is also known as "good girl and nice boy."

postconventional moral reasoning

Kohlberg's third level of moral reasoning, emphasizing moral principles.

Secondary education

Literally, the period after primary education (elementary or grade school) and before tertiary education (college). It usually occurs from about age 12 to 18, although there is some variation by school and by nation

Secular Trend

Long term upward or downward direction of a certain set of statistical measurements as opposed to shorter cyclical variation. Ex-over the last 2 centuries because of better nutrition and medical care, children tend to reach adult height earlier and their adult height has increased

Gloria is 7 years old. Her _____ memory most likely has a fairly large capacity now that she is in middle childhood

Long-term

According to research conducted in 2005, which of the following students is most likely to be admired during middle school?

Louise, who uses marijuana and frequently finds herself in physical fights

A(n) _____ is a college course that is offered only online and typically has thousands of students enrolled

MOOC