Developmental Psychology - Chapter 14

In general, the argument that middle adulthood has advantages for women in nonindustrialized cultures is based on the idea that women in these cultures typically: a. Delegate less tasks to younger ones as they age b. Take on less administrative tasks as they age c. Take on more of the day-to-day chores as they age d. Become eligible for special statuses as they age

Not C

When women experience stress, they are more likely to engage in: a. A tend and befriend pattern b. Aggressive behavior c. A flight or fight response d. Social distancing

a. A tend to befriend pattern

Abdiel has had three children, according to Erikson, he has achieved: a. Biological generativity b. Parental generativity c. Biological stagnation d. Cultural stagnation

a. Biological generativity

Which theory is similar to the contemporary life-events approach in highlighting the importance of complex setting of our lives? a. Bronfenbrenner's theory b. Freud's psychoanalytic theory c. Erikson's psychosocial theory d. Piaget's cognitive development theory

a. Bronfenbrenner's theory

Which of the following is the conclusion of the study conducted by Costa and McCrae on approximately 1,000 college-educated men and women aged 20 to 96? a. Considerable stability occurs in the fiver personality factors b. Extraversion is the most unstable personality factor c. While extraversion and openness remained stable, agreeableness and conscientiousness varied greatly d. The five personality factors were very unstable across different age groups

a. Considerable stability occurs in the fiver personality factors

The ____________ life-events approach emphasized the manner in which life events influence an individual's development depends not only on these events but also on mediating factors. a. Contemporary b. Standard c. Cognitive d. Assimilative

a. Contemporary

Saeko has committed herself to the continuation and improvement of society as a whole through her connection with their children and grandchildren. According to Erikson, she is __________. a. Self-absorbed b. Generative c. Stagnant d. Apathetic

b. Generative

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a: a. Composed manner b. Fight-or-flight manner c. Stagnant manner d. Tend and befriend manner

b. Fight-or-flight manner

It is common in nonindustrialized societies to: a. Describe individuals as young or old but not as middle-aged b. Describe individuals as middle-aged c. Not have any words for "old" or "young" d. Not give much importance to an individual's age

a. Describe individuals as young or old but not as middle-aged

Diana is fun-loving, sociable, and affectionate with all her friends and acquaintances. Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes this aspect of Diana's personality. a. Extraversion b. Conscientiousness c. Neuroticism d. Agreeableness

a. Extraversion

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes whether a person is sociable or retiring? a. Extraversion b. Openness to experience c. Conscientiousness d. Agreeableness

a. Extraversion

George Vaillant concludes that the _______ are a decade of reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years. a. Forties b. Fifties c. Sixties d. Thirties

a. Forties

Sandra's mother is concerned about Sandra's lack of interest in marrying and having children. She told Sandra, "When I was your age, I had already found a good husband and settled down." Sandra and her mother: a. Have different social clocks b. Have different coping styles c. Have different burnout levels d. Are in different developmental stages

a. Have different social clocks

According to the contemporary life-events approach, the influence of life events also depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT the ______________. a. Individual's cognitive capacity b. Individual's adaptation c. Life-stage context d. Sociohistorical context

a. Individual's cognitive capacity

Cross-cultural studies show that in nonindustrialized countries the concept of middle age is: a. Is not very clear, or in some cases absent b. About the same as it is in industrialized countries like the United States c. More finely discerned and consisting of several stages d. More rigidly defined

a. Is not very clear, or in some cases is absent

According to the Big Five factors of personality, which of the following personality supertrait describes whether an individual is either secure or insecure? a. Neuroticism b. Agreeableness c. Openness d. Extraversion

a. Neuroticism

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was: a. Verbal, physical, or emotional abuse b. Alcohol or drug abuse c. Cheating d. No obvious problems; they just fell out of love

a. Verbal, physical, or emotional abuse

Mr. Chang works at a boring but tense job. Stress about his job keeps him up late on most nights. Mr Chang is experiencing the stress of: a. A major life event b. A daily hassle c. A middle-age development crisis d. Psychological generativity

b. A daily hassle

According to the Big Five factors of personality, which of the following personality supertrait describes a person as either helpful or uncooperative? a. Conscientiousness b. Agreeableness c. Openness d. Extraversion

b. Agreeableness

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes a person as eitehr disciplined or impulsive? a. Openness to experience b. Conscientiousness c. Neuroticism d. Agreeableness

b. Conscientiousness

Which of the following is one of the Big Five factors of personality? a. Generativity b. Extraversion c. Transitivity d. Stagnation

b. Extraversion

_____________emcompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation. a. Self-actualization b. Generativity c. Self-absorption d. Perpetuity

b. Generativity

Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises: a. Have been validated b. Have been exaggerated c. Have no cross-cultural validity d. Have been underestimated

b. Have been exaggerated

Lorenzo was born during the depression era in the U.S. Now he and others who were born at about the same time show greater cognitive decline that people born at later times. This illustrates that cohort effects are differences based on: a. Gender b. Historical contexts c. Genetic traits d. Cultural aspects

b. Historical contexts

Which of the following is a significant observation by Neugarten regarding social clocks? a. Social clocks are more rigid than they were before b. Individuals whose lives are synchronized with the social clocks are less stressed c. Younger adults below 25 years are excluded from the social clock age bracket d. Social clocks are more important for males than for females

b. Individuals whose lives are synchronized with the social clocks are less stressed

According to Lachman, reserachers have found that on average a sense of personal control peaks in __________ and then declines. a. Early adulthood b. Midlife c. Adolescence d. Late adulthood

b. Midlife

Jacqueline nurtures and guides her children. According to Erikson, she has achieved _____________ generativity. a. Biological b. Parental c. Work d. Cultural

b. Parental

Which of the following statements about intergenerational relations is true? a. Individuals who had conflicts with their parents in adolescence reported greater closeness with their parents in early adulthood b. Similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics c. Children who spent less time in shared activities with their parents earlier in their lives provided more support to their parents as they became older d. Parents who smoked early and often, and who persisted in becoming regular smokers, were less likely to have adolescents who became smokers

b. Similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's view on midlife? a. According to Levinson, only males experience midlife crisis b. Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis c. Levinson maintains that the transition period to midlife is 6 years; while Valliant holds it to be 8 years d. Valliant's study was mainly focused on white, middle-aged male population within the upper SES of society

b. Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis

Three prominent meanings are attached to being a grandparent. Which of the following is NOT one of these meanings? a. Biological reward and continuity b. A remote role c. A financial strain d. A source of emotional fulfillment

c. A financial strain

Which of the following is NOT one of the five big personality traits identified by Costa and McCrae? a. Extraversion b. Openness c. Adaptability d. Conscientiousness

c. Adaptability

Identify the supertrait that encompasses traits such as soft-headed, trusting, and helpful, according to Big Five factors of personality. a. Conscientiousness b. Openness to experience c. Agreeableness d. Extraversion

c. Agreeableness

Vaillant's research showed that at age 50, the best predictors of who would be deat at 75 to 80 years of age were: a. Chronic depression and cardiovascular disease b. Diabetes and depression c. Alcohol abuse and smoking d. Smoking and obesity

c. Alcohol abuse and smoking

Identify the Big Five personality factor that classifies a person as either organized or disorganized. a. Openness to experience b. Extraversion c. Conscientiousness d. Agreeableness

c. Conscientiousness

Middle-age partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they: a. Have a satisfying sexual relationship b. Feel a high level of physical attraction toward their partner c. Engage in mutual activities d. Are religious

c. Engage in mutual activities

Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue which he termed ___________. a. Intimacy versus isolation b. Integrity versus despair c. Generativity versus stagnation d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt

c. Generativity versus stagnation

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes an individual as either self-satisfied or self-pitying? a. Openness b. Agreeableness c. Neuroticism d. Extraversion

c. Neuroticism

Guillermo has taught his apprentices all the specialized techniques he has developed over the years as a carpenter. According to Erikson, he has achieved ____________ generativity. a. Biological b. Parental c. Work d. Cultural

c. Work

Beck is careless, impulsive and disorganized. According to the Big Five personality factors, Becky will score low on ____________. a. Openness to experience b. Agreeableness c. Neuroticism d. Conscientiousness

d. Conscientiousness

Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occurs in: a. Midlife b. Late midlife c. Late adulthood d. Early adulthood

d. Early adulthood

Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes whether an individual is fun-loving or somber. a. Agreeableness b. Openness to experience c. Conscientiousness d. Extraversion

d. Extraversion

Which of the following is NOT one of the main reasons that grandparents are thrust back into the "parenting" role they thought they had shed? a. Parental divorce b. Adolescent pregnancies c. Drug use by parents d. Filling the "empty nest"

d. Filling the "empty nest"

Identify the seventh stage of Erikson's life-span theory. a. Intimacy versus isolation b. Integrity versus despair c. Autonomy versus shame and doubt d. Generativity versus stagnation

d. Generativity versus stagnation

Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is true? a. Siblings who were psychologically distant from each other in childhood tended to become close in adulthood b. The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are apathetic c. Sibling relationships rarely persist over the entire life span for most adults d. It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood

d. It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood

A common complaint voiced by both adult children and their parents when adult children return home is a(n): a. Lack of social interaction b. Lack of career development c. Increased strain on families d. Loss of privacy

d. Loss of privacy

According to the Almeida & Horn study, which of the following is the difference in the experience of stressors between young adults and middle-aged adults? a. Young adults experience daily stressors less frequently b. Middle-aged adults experience lesser multiple stressors than older adults c. Young adults were less physically reactive to work stressors d. Middle-aged adults experienced more "overload" stressors

d. Middle-aged adults experienced more "overload" stressors

Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because: a. Life is very hectic and families rarely have a full meal together b. People expect middle-aged adults to be both wise and mature as well as young and energetic c. Middle-aged adults are caught in a conflict between caring more for their spouse's parents than their own d. Middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents

d. Middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents

According to research by Rossi, which of the following were found to have the closest relationships during their adult years? a. Fathers and sons b. Mothers and sons c. Fathers and daughters d. Mothers and daughters

d. Mothers and daughters

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes whether an individual is imaginative or practical? a. Agreeableness b. Extraversion c. Conscientiousness d. Openness to experience

d. Openness to experience

Don and Ellie have been married for over 30 years. Which of the following is likely to be MOST important in their relationship? a. Romance b. Passion c. Physcal attraction d. Security

d. Security

The timetaable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career is known as the ________________. a. Interval measure b. Life-event calender c. Circadian rhythm d. Social clock

d. Social clock

_____________ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation. a. Perpetuity b. Generativity c. Self-actualization d. Stagnation

d. Stagnation

Trevor and Michelle's last child has just left home to attend college. According to research, this will most likely be a time when: a. Trevor and Michelle will grow more emotionally distant b. Michelle will feel depressed, but Trevor will not c. They will spend less time together as they both pursue outside interests d. They will have increased marital satisfaction

d. They will have increased marital satisfaction