Developmental Psychology Test 2 Practice

To promote realistic self-esteem, one must enhance children's self-efficacy and encourage: age-appropriate skills. good communication skills. athletic performance. accurate self-perceptions.

accurate self-perceptions.

To promote realistic self-esteem, one must enhance children's self-efficacy and encourage: good communication skills. age-appropriate skills. accurate self-perceptions. athletic performance.

accurate self-perceptions.

Effective interventions to reduce bullying center on: getting bullied children to stand up for themselves. changing the parents of the bully. making bullying a socially unacceptable activity. changing how the bully feels about himself or herself.

making bullying a socially unacceptable activity.

The frontal lobes develop: slowly; they let people consider options and inhibit immediate responses. slowly; they let people respond emotionally. quickly; they let people respond emotionally. quickly; they let people consider options and inhibit immediate responses.

slowly; they let people consider options and inhibit immediate responses.

This is a state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events and gives up without trying. self-awareness learned helplessness industry inferiority

learned helplessness

Which girl is the MOST likely to frequently engage in physically aggressive behavior? Rachel, who is 2½ years old Beth, who is 4 years old Shequeena, who is 5½ years old Laura, who is 7 years old

Rachel, who is 2½ years old

Ten-year-old Bella has a best friend named Sophia. Which would be Bella's MOST likely description of why Sophia is her best friend? "We like to do stuff together, like go shopping." "We like to dress the same." "We have fun playing together." "I can tell her anything, and I know she will stand up for me."

"I can tell her anything, and I know she will stand up for me."

Middle childhood refers to boys and girls aged: 11 to 14. 7 to 12. 2 to 3. 4 to 6.

7 to 12.

According to the text, bullying _____. A. can never be totally eradicated B. is a relatively ineffective way of gaining status, and so there is hope that it can eventually be eradicated C. prevention programs are useless because bullying can never be eliminated D. is common in children under 18, and then begins to decrease, until it disappears completely by age 65

A. can never be totally eradicated

Which statement about friends is false? They teach children how to relate to others. They help insulate children from being bullied. They protect children as they venture into the world. They rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures.

They rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures.

James is 9 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Piaget? concrete operations sensorimotor formal operations preoperations

concrete operations

Obesity rates among children: increased dramatically in the 1980s. have remained stable over the past 20 years. have doubled in the last 5 years. decreased steadily in the 1990s.

increased dramatically in the 1980s.

Brandon is in the third grade. What stage of development is he in? childhood adolescence middle childhood early childhood

middle childhood

Since she does not have a pen, paper, or GPS in her car, Deedra memorizes her friend's phone directions by repeating the turns and street names in her mind over and over. Deedra is using a learning strategy called: selective attention. elaboration. retrieval. rehearsal.

rehearsal.

Penny is an obese 10-year-old. Her weight is at or above the ______ percentile, based on national norms. 60th 50th 95th 75th

C. 95th

James is 9 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Piaget? preoperations sensorimotor formal operations concrete operations

concrete operations

_____ refers to the skills involved in controlling one's feelings so that they do not interfere with one's life.

emotion regulation

According to Erikson, preschoolers face the challenge of: autonomy versus shame and doubt. industry versus inferiority. trust versus mistrust. initiative versus guilt.

initiative versus guilt.

Mr. and Mrs. Franklin are taking their son to see a psychiatrist who helps children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The psychiatrist might consider all of the following interventions EXCEPT: recommending the child be exposed to white noise while studying. recommending the child be exposed to demanding timed tasks. encouraging physical exercise. using psycho-stimulant medications.

recommending the child be exposed to demanding timed tasks.

Tamika felt humiliated when her teacher yelled at her in front of the class. Jebron felt terrible about insulting his younger brother. Tamika experienced _____, while Jebron felt _____. shame; guilt shame; induction induction; guilt guilt; shame

shame; guilt

_____ refer(s) to the abilities that allow us to plan and direct our thinking and to control our immediate impulses. Working memory Internalizing tendencies Selective attention Executive functions

Executive functions

The _____ lobes are responsible for reasoning and planning our actions.

Frontal

Lee is 10 years old. According to Piaget, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Lee's cognition? He can think abstractly in a scientific way. He can reason conceptually about concrete objects. He has a realistic understanding of the world. His thinking is similar to adults.

He can think abstractly in a scientific way.

The top-ranking health disorder among U.S. children today, affecting 1 in 10 children, is: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). autism. Asperger's syndrome. autoimmune disorders.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Which behavior works BEST to decrease bullying? bystanders who laugh at the bullying victims who report the bully to a teacher bystanders who confront the bully victims who fight back

bystanders who confront the bully

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in ADHD? serotonin norepinephrine dopamine epinephrine

dopamine

In the United States, childhood obesity started to become a serious problem: around the year 2000. 5 years ago. during the 1980s. 1 year ago.

during the 1980s.

Arthur has _____ because he tends to act on his immediate emotions and behave aggressively. externalizing tendencies neutral tendencies emotional regulation internalizing tendencies

externalizing tendencies

Having well-developed fine-motor skills can predict which of the following? performance on both school-related memory tests and speed-oriented cognitive tests performance on neither school-related memory tests nor speed-oriented cognitive tests performance on school-related memory tests performance on speed-oriented cognitive tests

performance on both school-related memory tests and speed-oriented cognitive tests

Having well-developed fine-motor skills can predict which of the following? performance on speed-oriented cognitive tests performance on both school-related memory tests and speed-oriented cognitive tests performance on neither school-related memory tests nor speed-oriented cognitive tests performance on school-related memory tests

performance on both school-related memory tests and speed-oriented cognitive tests

Long-term weight problems can be detected as early as: infancy. preschool. middle childhood. toddlerhood.

preschool.

Characterized by excessive restlessness and distractibility, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is MOST commonly diagnosed among _____ with _____ being affected MOST often. elementary schoolers; girls preschoolers ; boys elementary schoolers; boys preschoolers; girls

elementary schoolers; boys

People who feel sympathy rather than empathy for others are _____ likely to help those in need because _____. more; empathy can cause anxiety and the desire to run away less; sympathy is not a strong enough emotion more; sympathy prevents people from thinking about their own problems less; empathy permits one to really feel another's pain

more; empathy can cause anxiety and the desire to run away

Who is the typical bullying target? athletic children unpopular children aggressive children loud, active children

unpopular children

Who is the typical bullying target? unpopular children athletic children loud, active children aggressive children

unpopular children

When asked why Jorge likes his friend Victor, he replies, "Because we both love playing with swords." These boys are probably _____ children because they describe their friendships in terms of _____ qualities. younger; internal older; external older; internal younger; external

younger; external

In mathematics education, the abstract concept of the variable, usually represented as "x" or "y," is often introduced when children are about 12 years old, marking the transition from the _____ stage to the _____ stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. concrete operations; formal operations preoperations; concrete operations formal operations; postoperations sensorimotor; preoperations

A. concrete operations; formal operations

After a stroke, Reginald has difficulty ordering problem-solving steps in a logical sequence. Moreover, he is noticeably more impulsive than he had been in the past. Reginald appears to have suffered damage to the _____ lobe. frontal occipital parietal temporal

A. frontal

Dr. Nicholl believes that much of cognitive development may be explained by children's increasing memory capacity, and increasing ability to concentrate, plan ahead, and control their thoughts, feelings, and actions. Dr. Nicholl uses ______ to explain cognitive development. classical conditioning a Piagetian perspective an information-processing perspective operant conditioning

C. an information-processing perspective

When people feel guilty, they may be motivated to _____. dislike others behave aggressively apologize and reconnect with others withdraw from others

C. apologize and reconnect with others

Pia is 8 years old. According to Piaget, Pia is MOST likely in the ______ stage of cognitive development. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. preoperations sensorimotor concrete operations formal operations

C. concrete operations

Children whose body mass index is at or above the 95th percentile are considered _____. A. normal weight B. overweight C. obese D. morbidly obese

C. obese

Lee is 10 years old. According to Piaget, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Lee's cognition? His thinking is similar to adults. He can reason conceptually about concrete objects. He has a realistic understanding of the world. He can think abstractly in a scientific way.

He can think abstractly in a scientific way.

Six-year-old Beth is loud, disruptive, and aggressive. Beth may have _____ tendencies. altruistic externalizing induction internalizing

B. externalizing

Fourteen-year-old Kevin is a bully and a bully-victim. He most likely exhibits _____. industry externalizing behaviors internalizing behaviors altruism

B. externalizing behaviors

Nine-year-old Warren is in middle childhood and faces the psychosocial task that Erikson called _____. industry versus inferiority trust versus distrust integrity versus despair autonomy versus shame and doubt

A. industry versus inferiority

Maryam ran into her old friend Gina from high school. Gina gave Maryam her phone number, but neither woman had a pen. Maryam memorized the number and called Gina that evening. This means that Maryam transferred the phone number from _____ to a more permanent memory storage. working memory long-term memory executive function selective attention

A. working memory

Deficits in executive functions are the main symptoms of: Asperger's syndrome. Down syndrome. ADHD. Klinefelter's syndrome.

ADHD.

When do MOST people master such learning strategies as rehearsal and selective attention? adulthood elementary school kindergarten high school

B. elementary school

When Ellie was 4 years old, she believed that she was the fastest runner in the world. Now that she is in third grade, her view of her running abilities is MOST likely _____. more inflated more realistic more unrealistic the same

B. more realistic

Rates of physical aggression _____ as children get older. increase in girls but not boys typically decrease significantly remain the same increase in boys but not girls

B. typically decrease significantly

A security guard is shot during an attempted robbery of a jewelry store. The guard's shooting exemplifies the thieves' _____ aggression. relational bullying proactive reactive

C. proactive

Hurtful behavior initiated to get something or to reach a goal is called _____ aggression. relational reactive proactive frustration

C. proactive

Which child is NOT in middle childhood? Norrie, who is 11 Meena, who is 9 Latrell, who is 7 Abbie, who is 5

D. Abbie, who is 5

Which child is MOST apt to be prosocial? Greta, who is currently consumed with her parent's divorce Bodi, an anxious and fearful child Adelaide, a child with anger and aggression problems Jake, a happy child

D. Jake, a happy child

Which boy is the LEAST likely to engage in frequent physically aggressive behavior? Dinesh, who is 2 years and 9 months old Alex, who is 3 years old and 11 months Salim, who is 5 years old Marco, who is 7½ years old

D. Marco, who is 7½ years old

Which child is the LEAST likely to be rejected in elementary school? A. Kyle, who is lives in poverty and goes to a school where most of his classmates come from middle-class backgrounds B. Charles, who is highly aggressive to all of his peers C. Allan, who is shy and socially awkward D. Raul, who is kind and friendly

D. Raul, who is kind and friendly

Which statement about popularity in elementary school is true? Popular children are always kind and caring to their classmates. Children with externalizing behavior are typically average in the status rankings. All aggressive children are unpopular.

D. Some popular children are relationally aggressive.

The most effective interventions to reduce bullying center on _____. A. changing the bully B. changing the parents of bullies C. getting bullied children to stand up for themselves D. changing the classroom norms to make bullying socially unacceptable

D. changing the classroom norms to make bullying socially unacceptable

According to Erikson, the failure to resolve the key psychosocial task of middle childhood will result in feelings of _____. despair isolation distrust inferiority

D. inferiority

An example of a(n) _____ problem is excessive shame and low self-worth. extrinsic motivation intrinsic motivation externalizing internalizing

D. internalizing

Jaden, a 9-year-old child, is extremely fearful of high places, thinking that he may fall at any moment. He also sees himself as a failure at everything he does, even when his performance is reasonably good. Jaden has _____. externalizing tendencies too much self-awareness inappropriate self-awareness internalizing tendencies

D. internalizing tendencies

Cyberbullies may feel _____ than bullies who harass others face to face. more shame less anonymous more guilt less guilt

D. less guilt