DEXA

low bone mass (osteopenia) score

T score between -1.0 and -2.5

acute vertebral fractures are managed by

kyphoplasty

shielding is

built into the scanner

DEXA usually gives off msv of

1-5 mSv

operator console should be a distance of

3 feet from source

original scanners used

pencil-beam and a single detector

primary osteoporosis

post-menopausal or age related

normal

t-score above -1.0

osteoporosis

t-score of -2.5 or greater

Peak bone mass is reached between

the ages of 20-30

for the most accurate results

Patients should be scanned on the same machine, and positioned the same way as previous scans

severe osteoporosis

T - score of -2.5 or greater AND a history of fractures

T-score

determines fracture risk, diagnoses osteoporosis, and determines if therapy is needed.

Z-score

determines if the measured BMD is reasonable, and if further evaluation is warranted.

osteoporosis

disease of the bone characterized by low bone mass, structural deterioration of bone tissue, risk for fragility fractures, and occurs primarily in females.

Stability in bone mass requires

equal absorption/retention

falls and fractures with osteoporosis

fragility fractured occur with minimal trauma from a standing height or less

newer technology uses a

array beam (or fan-beam) with multi element detector. Reduces scan time, produces better image resolution, and allows for lateral thoracic and lumbar scanning.

osteoblasts

bone building

kyphoplasty definition

bone cement is injected into the vertebral body

osteoclasts

bone destroying

measures

bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD).

used to access

bone strength, diagnose diseases associated with low bone density (especially osteoporosis), monitor therapy, and predict fracture risk.

secondary osteoporosis

caused by skeletal disorders

completed clinical requirements include

mandatory 50 lumbar and hip scans, patient prep and education, daily quality control procedures, and elective procedures.

accuracy

measurement of the true value of an object (calibration of equipment and preventative maintenence)

purpose and principle of DEXA

measures bone mineral density, establishes the diagnosis of osteoporosis, and assesses the response to osteoporosis therapy. It uses two different photon energies (soft tissue, bone) and detectors are used to separate and measure the low and high-energy photons (demonstrates attenuation difference between bone and soft tissue).

proximal femur (hip)

predictor of future femur fractures

purpose of skeleton is

support and protect vital organs, produce RBCs, and store minerals necessary for life.

precision

the ability of the system to reproduce the same results in repeat measurements of the same object.

DEXA technique

uses a subtraction technique

Decrease in bone mass starts in

women at the age of 50, and men at the age of 65

DEXA

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

lumbar scans analyze

L-1 to L-5

prevention of osteoporosis

obtain daily amounts of calcium and vitamin D, engage in regular resistance and weight-bearing exercise, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol

loss of bone mass occurs

when the bone remodeling process becomes uncoupled.