DHN 101 Exam 1
Which of the following statements is a health claim that the FDA allows on a food package?
"While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat may reduce the risk of this disease."
A commercial website contains ads for gluten-free food products and supplements that are targeted for people who have intestinal problems.
.com
A nationally accredited university publishes highlights of a recent study about the effects of vegetable intake on risk of heart disease
.edu
A government health agency promotes its campaign to increase calcium consumption among pre-teen girls.
.gov
nutrient requirements
1.have been determined by scientific research 2.are the smallest amount of each nutrient necessary to maintain a defined level of nutritional health 3.prevent deficiency diseases
Boiled mustard greens that are seasoned with bits of smoked pork
African
Food mixes with secretions in the stomach to become a watery mixture called
Chyme
Which of the following statements is true?
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.
Which of the following statements is true?
The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.
Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ________.
anecdote
which is a nutrient dense food
fat free milk
saliva contains
lysozyme
1st step of scientific method
making observations
How to find mg/kcal
mg/kcal
The foods that you eat contain _____ chemicals that are necessary for proper body functioning.
nutrients
all registered dietitian nutritionists have
passed a certification exam
which of the following practices increases the risk of the peptic ulcer
smoking cigarettes
Deficiency disease can cause subjective health problems called ____ which may include headaches, dizziness, and fatigue
symptoms
tiny, fingerlike projections of the small intestine that absorb nutrients
villi
Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense?
4-ounce chocolate doughnut
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?
Blueberries
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain?
Cohort
Top 4 leading causes of death
Heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory infections, accidents
Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?
Stroke
Macronutrients
carbohydrates, fat, energy-yielding nutrient, nutrients required in grams per day
mechanical digestion
chewing in the mouth, churning in the stomach, and segmentation in the small intestine
as food moves through the small intestines, the semiliquid mss is called
chyme
The usual pattern of foods that you choose to eat is referred to as your
diet
According to the nutrition-related objectives of Healthy People 2020, Americans should increase their consumption o
fruit, whole grains
dumping syndrome often occurs after a person
has stomach surgery
false
in general, megadoses of nutrients are safe to consume
Bile is made in the
liver
after being absorbed, which nutrients leave the go tract through the lymphatic system
most cars and fat soluble vitamins
A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents
nutrient-deficiency disorders.
diet is a
pattern of food choices
people who follow islamic dietary rules will not consume
pork
conventional wisdom
tradition
Risk factors for constipation include all of the following
1. changes to typical daily routine. 2. anxiety or depression. 3. low fiber intake. drinking too much water= false
According to the food label, one serving of the item provides _______% of the Daily Value for iron.
4%
Retrospective Cohort Study
A research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) are compared for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer). This is also called a historic cohort study.
Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?
Close friends
The amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of half of the healthy people in a particular group is the
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
which of the following is the most energy dense per 100 grams
French fries
Roasted venison, corn and squash
Native American
Which of the following statements is false?
Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.
false
RDAs are listed on food labels
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?
Vitamin D
To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.
a "margin of safety" amount
comparing the diets of individuals with iron-deficiency to the diets of persons who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of
a case control study
the dietary guidelines of Americans is
a set of general nutrition-related recommendations
probiotics
are bacteria that may benefit intestinal health of their human hosts
a diet is highly likely to be safe and nutritionally adequate if
average daily intakes for nutrients meet the RDA or AI values
protein rich food sources that also contain saturated fat and cholesterol include
beef
A moistened mass of food swallowed from the oral cavity into the pharynx is called a(n)
bolus
postitive correlation
both variables increase together
chemical digestion of _____ begins in the mouth
carbohydrates
Which of the following statements is true?
In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.
Researchers divide subjects into two groups. The____group is given pills that do not contain any vitamins
control
the government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims that appear at an internet website is the
federal trade commission (FTC)
which of the following substances is classified as a dietary supplement according to the DSHEA of 1994?
fish oil
A term that refers to the stomach is
gastric
active transport
glucose and amino acids
the exchange system
has exchange lists within each food group
chronic disease example
heart disease
Endocytosis
immune substances from human milk
Chewing food _____ the surface area upon which enzymes can work to digest food into absorbable nutrients.
increases
Data
information
The stomach also produces a substance called ____ that is important for the absorption of vitamin B-12.
intrinsic factor
gastric glands secrete
intrinsic factor
biased and unreliable info
nutritionhealthandfitness4you.com
a testimonial is a
personal endorsement of a product
The ____ is the region that is located at the back of the mouth.
pharynx
sham treatment
placebo
At the base of the stomach is the _____ which controls the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
The contribution of salivary amylase and lingual lipase to overall digestion of food into absorbable components is
small
absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the
small intestine
Experiment
systematic testing of hypothesis
nutritional standards, such as the RDAs, are
the basis for establishing DVs
The Daily Value is ________
the recommended daily amount of a particular nutrient based on a 2000 kcal diet
in the United States, the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths is
tobacco use
according to recent studies, most Americans do not purchase adequate amounts of _____ to eat
whole grains
Bile is made of several components, including minerals and bile salts. It also contains a type of lipid known as ____ and the blood pigment known as _____
cholesterol billirubin
source of empty calories
cola and potato chips
daily values are
dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes
The ____ is a long tube in the GI tract that connects the throat with the stomach.
esophagus
The primary nutrient that bile is responsible for digesting and absorbing is
fat
nutrient dense foods
grilled salmon and stawberries
The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.
hepatic portal vein
chemical digestion
hydrolysis of starch by salivary amylase in the mouth, degradation of proteins by pepsin in the stomach, and breakdown of lipase in the small intestine
Researchers would like to test their_____ that taking megadoses of thiamin is an effective way to prevent mosquito bites.
hypothesis
Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and
learning stress management strategies.
The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.
liver
which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
liver
The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose.
maltase
Small intestinal cells secrete _____ to lubricate and protect the walls of the GI tract.
mucus
Certain foods are more nutritious than others, and a food that contains more vitamins and minerals in relation to fat, sugar, and alcohol content is called a(n)
nutrient-dense food.
Researchers make a(an) _____ that people who like to camp take megadoses of thiamin to repel mosquitoes.
observation
_____ moves from the back of the mouth, through the esophagus, and into the stomach
peristalsis
The tongue moves a mass of food to the back of the mouth, where it enters the ____ which connects the nasal cavity to the top of the esophagus.
pharynx
The ____ does not contain any active ingredients
placebo
organically grown foods are
produced without the uses of antibiotics, pesticides, or genetic improvements
Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy 8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with weight gain. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study.
prospective
Studying nutrition is important to
select the appropriate mix of nutrients for proper body functioning.
Failure to consume adequate amounts of nutrients can lead to noticeable and measurable physical changes that are _____ of deficiency disease.
signs
The ____ group is given similar tasting and appearing pills that contain high amounts of thiamin.
treatment
which of the following is an essential nutrient
vitamin c
According to the MyPlate guidelines, fruits and vegetables should account for about ________ of the food on a person's plate.
1/2
anecdote
report of personal experience
Which of the following statements is true?
Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings.
Generally, epidemiological studies
cannot determine cause and effect relationships
Experimental (Intervention) Study
-Initiates a treatment or intervention -Test whether interventions can prevent disease or improve health -Use comparison or control groups -Persons randomly assigned to a particular group -can be clinical or community trials
April is starting to train for hotdog eating contests. She is curious about the maximum capacity of the stomach. About what is believed to be the maximum capacity of the stomach?
16 cups
what is the approximate pH of stomachs contents as it passes through the pylorus
2.0
A food item is considered "high" in a nutrient if the % Daily Value is above _______.
20%
Which of the following statements is true?
A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.
Sliced eggplant cooked in tomato sauce, drizzled with olive oil, and served with red wine
Southern Europe
Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?
When a population's vitamin D intake decreases, the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases.
one of 10 leading causes of death in the us in which diet plays a role in its development
cancer
Glands in the stomach secrete the components of gastric juice, which contribute to the ____digestion of food.
chemical
A food that contributes significantly to total energy intake (i.e., high in solid fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol) while supplying relatively few micronutrients is considered a source of
empty calories
The pancreas and small intestinal cells produce ____ that break down food molecules into absorbable components.
enzymes
Bile is produced by the ____. It travels through ducts and is stored in the ____. When this organ receives a hormonal signal from the cells of the GI tract, bile is released into the ____
liver gallbladder small intestine
The process of preparing foods for swallowing and chemical digestion is called ____ otherwise known as chewing.
mastication
which is a rich source of phytochemicals
peaches
fruit is generally a good source of all of the following substances, except
protein
Glands in the mouth secrete _____ which contains enzymes and mucus.
saliva
Which of the following statements is true?
The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.
retrospective
Which of the following actions is one of the five overarching guidelines of Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015-2020 version)?
Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
Which of the following substances is a macronutrient?
Protein
Micronutrients
vitamins, minerals, non-energy yielding nutrient, nutrients required in milligrams per day
Which of the following food or beverage choices contribute the most empty calories to American's diets?
Cakes, cookies, pastries, and donuts Sugar-sweetened beverages cheese pizza ice cream Sausage, bacon, hot dogs and "ribs"
Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?
Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables
Which of the following statements is true?
People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.
If the epiglottis is not fully closed, food enters the trachea, blocking the windpipe which may cause the person to lose consciousness and die.
True
A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on behavior in school-aged children. To start, the researchers will
make observations.
The stomach wall has three layers of muscle tissue. These muscular layers are responsible for the ____ digestion that occurs in the stomach
mechanical
mechanical digestion begins in the
mouth
which of the following information is not provided by the nutrition facts panel
percentage of total calories from fat
Muscular contractions occurring throughout the GI tract that move food along are collectively called
peristalsis
A nutrition researcher would like to determine whether women who take fish oil supplements during pregnancy give birth to babies who score higher on basic intelligence tests when they are 5 years of age than the 5-year old children that were born to women who did not take the fish oil supplements during pregnancy. This kind of research is a(n) ________ study.
prospective
A team of scientists observes a large population of college students over 4 years to determine which of their dietary practices leads to weight gain. This study is an example of a
prospective study
the nutrients that provide energy are
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
metabolism
refers to all chemical processes that occur in living cells
Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths in the United States?
Smoking cigarettes
Shrimp cooked in peanut oil, seasoned with ginger and soy sauce, and served on white rice
asian
A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been
enriched
An aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population.
epidemiology
The ____ is the flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea.
epiglottis
simple diffusion
lipids and most water soluble vitamins
A nationally recognized health association that is for people with diabetes provides information about choosing healthful foods for diabetes management.
.org
according to the US department of agriculture, which of the following foods is nutritionally equivalent to 1 ounce of a food from the grains group
1 slice bread
prospective cohort study
A research study that follows over time groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) and compares them for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer).
Case-Control Study
A type of epidemiologic study where a group of individuals with the diseases, referred to as cases, are compared to individuals without the disease, referred to as controls
is one that must be provided by the diet because it cannot be produced by the body or produced in the amount that is needed.
A(n) essential nutrient
Which of the following statements is true?
Heartburn often results when the cardiac sphincter fails to close properly.
Red beans cooked in a mixture of tomato sauce and chili peppers and served in a corn tortilla
Hispanic
As acidic chyme moves into the small intestine from the stomach, the pancreas secretes ____ into the duodenum to increase its pH.
bicarbonate
The liver makes _____ which is stored in the gallbladder until needed.
bile
The caloric value of a food in relation to its total weight defines how
energy-dense a food is.
facilitated diffusion
fructose