DHN 101 Exam 2 (chapters 5-7)

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain fish are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids

When consuming a 2000 kcal diet, the daily value for carbs is what?

300 grams

one gram of protein provides ___

4 kcal. 10 grams of protein provides 40 kcal

one gram of carbs provides ___

4 kcal. 50 grams of carbs provides 200 kcal

A waist circumference greater than or equal to __ inches for men and _ inches for women is considered too large and is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome

40, 35

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbs should provide _% to _% of total calories in the diet

45 to 65

What is the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weighs 62 kg?

49.6 g

200 kcal from carbohydrate equals approximately ___ of 350 total kcal

57%

One gram of fat provides ___

9 kcal. 12 grams of fat provide 108 kcal

Manufacturers often disguise the true weight of food products by altering the packaging so that it appears as if you are getting more for your money. A savvy shopper can maximize his or her food dollar by using unit pricing. Determine which box of cereal is the least expensive per oz.

A 17-ounce box of raisin bran for $2.75

While shopping for chicken pot pies, Mason wants to find products that supply at least 25 g of unsaturated fat/serving. Would you suggest that Mason purchase this food? Why?

Yes, because this food supplies 31 g of unsaturated fat per serving.

Which of the following conditions is clearly associated with eating dietary carbs, especially sticky sugars? a. tooth decay b. type 1 diabetes c. ADHD d. hypertension

a

Insoluble fiber... a. is in beef and pork b. dissolved or swells in water c. is in whole-grain products, including brown rice d. increases the risk of heart disease

c

Which food is a source of refined carbs? a. steak b. potato c. soda pop d. apple

c

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index? a. nonfat milk b. cornflakes cereal c. salted peanuts d. raw carrots

cornflakes cereal

which of the following foods has a high glycemic index? a. nonfat milk b. cornflakes cereal c. salted peanuts d. raw carrots

cornflakes cereal

Which one is banned for sale in the US because of controversial research that indicated the substance caused bladder cancer in mice?

cyclamate

nonessential amino acid

cysteine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, asparagine

R group:

differs with each amino acid

What is a compound of two sugar units called?

disaccharides

You can purchase _ in packet forms of the brands Trivia and Sweetleaf

highly purified stevia leaf extracts

When an individuals blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed with what?

hyperglycemia

When an individuals blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl they are diagnosed with what?

hypoglycemia

Heart disease has both preventable and nonpreventable risk factors that contribute to its development. All of the following are lifestyle (preventable) risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT _______.

increasing age

What decreases blood glucose?

insulin

What is the hormone that enables glucose to enter cells? a. glucagon b. insulin c. HFCS d. maltase

insulin

_ is the hormone that enables glucose to enter cells

insulin

The major type of diabetes is characterized by _

insulin resistance

insoluble fiber ____

is in whole-grain products, including brown rice

Dietary fiber... a. supplies more energy, gram per gram, than fat b. is not digested by the human intestinal tract c. promotes tooth decay d. is only in animal sources of food

is not digested by the human intestinal tract

dietary fiber _

is not digested by the human intestinal tract

A condition that occurs when the body forms excessive ketones?

ketoacidosis

People with undiagnosed type 1 diabetes may experience excessive thirst, frequent urination, a blood glucose of more than 250 mg/dl and breath with a fruity smell. These are all signs of what?

ketoacidosis

What are chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown?

ketone bodies

low carb diets lead to a condition which disturbs the body's normal acid-base balance and is called?

ketosis

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that breaks down lactose?

lactase

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that breaks down lactose? a. galactose b. salivary amylase c. lactase d. lactic acid

lactase

breaks disaccharide into glucose and galactose

lactase

Many African, asian and Eastern European older children and adults suffer from what intolerance?

lactose

Fructose is known as fruit sugar or what?

levulose

omega-6 fatty acid

linoleum acid, AA

Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the _ and in the _

liver, muscles

breaks disaccharide into two molecules of glucose

maltase

What is often referred to as malt sugar and has two glucose molecules bonded together?

maltose

Which of the following substances is a disaccharide? a. starch b. maltose c. galactose d. glycogen

maltose

Fiber is mostly made up of _ and connected by bonds that humans cannot digest

monosaccharides

What is another name for single sugars?

monosaccharides

Simple carbs include?

monosaccharides and disaccharides

A saturated fatty acid has _______.

no double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain

The less common form of diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in _

no pancreatic insulin

Type 2 diabetes is... a. a disease that primarily affects young children b. characterized by severe hypoglycemia c. often associated with excess body weight d. caused by eating refined sugars

often associated with excess body weight

type 2 diabetes is _

often associated with excess body weight

Which of the following foods is not a source of complete protein?

peanut butter

In the United States, newborns are routinely screened for PKU. PKU is a disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize _______.

phenylalanine

What inherited disease is categorized by people who should avoid the sweetener aspartame?

phenylketonuria

Both starches and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together and are thus types of what?

polysaccharides

Homocysteine is an __

possible marker for cardiovascular disease

The R group identifies _

the molecule as a particular amino acid

modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis include ____

tobacco use

Which of the following is clearly associated with eating dietary carbs, especially sticky sugars?

tooth decay

Approximately 5% of diabetes cases are _ formerly called _

type 1 diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes

The majority of Americans with diabetes have __ formerly called _

type 2 diabetes, adult-onset diabetes

Cholesterol

used to make bile and certain hormones, mutliringed lipid that is a major component of cell membranes

What is the storage form of glucose in the body?

glycogen

Which of the following substances is a polysaccharide? a. glycogen b. glucose c. galactose d. glucagon

glycogen

2c. 40 kcal from protein equals approximately _% of 350 total kcal.

11%

The adult RDA for protein is _______.

0.8 g/kg of body weight

How many sugar units are in monosaccharides?

1

Following a victory, Regina's soccer coach takes the team out for a celebratory meal. A teammate orders French fries, noting that they must be healthy because the restaurant menu says they are fried in "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil. Which statement about "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil is correct?

All vegetable oil is cholesterol-free because cholesterol is only found in animal foods.

In cells, _______ controls the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

DNA

Estimating grams of fat that are unsaturated?

The product supplies 43 g of fat, 12 g of which are saturated. To estimate how many grams of fat are unsaturated, subtract 12 g saturated fat from 43 g total fat, which equals 31 g unsaturated fat. Mason should consider buying the meal because it meets his qualification for unsaturated fat content.

Essential amino acid

Threonine, tryptophan, lysine, methionine

Calculating the percent of calories from fat

To calculate the percent of calories from fat, multiple the grams of fat times 9 (because fat supplies 9 kcal/g), and then divide that number by the total calories. Convert the answer from a decimal to a percent by moving the decimal two places to the right and adding a percent sign. 3.5 g x 9 kcal/g = 31.5 kcal from fat. 31.5 kcal from fat/120 total kcal = 0.2625 = 26.25%, which rounds to 26%.

Aspartame can be found in which brand name? a. nutrasweet and equal b. splenda c. sweet'n low

a

What does the term starch mean? a. the storage form of carbs in plants b. substances in plant food not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine c. a simple form of carbs d. a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form

a

Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a. glycogen b. glucose c. galactose d. glucagon

a

Which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose? a. glucose b. galactose c. fructose d. sucrose

a and b

What are probable causes of hyperactivity? a. environmental factors b. level of physical activity c. sugar intake d. genetic factors

a and d

Diets high in fiber can lower the risk for developing which of the following? a. obesity b. diabetes c. heart disease d. liver disease

a b and c

For a grain to be classified as a whole grain it must contain the? a. fiber-rich bran seed b. oily germ c. starchy endosperm d. vitamins A and D

a b and c

What American populations are at a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes? a. Native Americans b. Latino/Hispanic Americans c. African Americans d. Caucasian Americans

a b and c

Which of the following nonnutritive sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the US? a. neotame b. acesulfame-K c. aspartame d. cyclamate

a b and c

Which of the following statements about fiber are true? a. a substance found in plants b. is a complex carb c. can be digested by human enzymes d. adds bulk to feces

a b and d

Trans fatty acids are _

a by-product of the hydrogenation process

Alternative sweeteners include: a. xylitol b. alcohol c. sorbitol d. mannitol

a c and d

What are other names for sugar that may be listed on food products? a. lactose b. glycogen c. maltodextrin d. raw sugar

a c and d

Why is sugar often added to food? a. to improve food tenderness b. to improve the nutritive value of the food c. to serve as a preservative d. to increase the browning of the food

a c and d

Each serving of these crackers provides 120 calories (kcal) and 3.5 grams of fat. What percentage of calories comes from fat? a. 26% b. 4% c. 32% d. 3%

a. 26%

Each serving of these crackers provides 120 calories (kcal) and 0.5 grams of saturated fat. What percentage of calories comes from saturated fat? a. 3.75% b. 22.25% c. 0.5% d. 26.25%

a. 3.75%

fats in foods _

add taste and contribute to "mouth feel"

omega-3 fatty acid

alpha-linolenic acid, EPA and DHA

the nitrogen group is in the _

amino group

What is a highly branched chain of glucose units?

amylopectin

digestible carbs

amylopectin, glycogen

What is a long, straight chain of glucose units?

amylose

The carbon skeleton is ___

an important component of an amino acid because the body can convert the carbon skeletons of certain amino acids to glucose and use the simple sugar for energy

Phospholipids ___

are partially water-soluble

The alternative sweetener that is made by combining the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid is called _

aspartame

The team starch means? a. a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form b. the storage form of carbohydrates in plants c. a simple form of carbohydrate d. substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the stomach or small intestine

b

What are the primary source of added sugars in the typical American diet? a. cured deli meats b. sugar-sweetened/regular soft drinks c. refined cereals d. canned fruits

b

Some cells can only use glucose. These include... a. muscle cells b. red blood cells c. central nervous system

b and c

What are the two potential fates of fructose after it is consumed? a. converted to protein b. converted to glucose c. converted to fat d. converted to sucrose

b and c

Similar to table sugar, honey contains what? a. galactose b. glucose c. tagatose d. fructose

b and d

Which of the following are true of polysaccharides? a. they are disaccharides b. they are found in grains, veggies and fruits c. they are sometimes called complex carbs d. they are made of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together e. they are sometimes called simple carbs

b, c and d

Regina is a 22-year-old college student who plays on her school's soccer team. Her coach invited a registered dietitian to talk to the team about sports nutrition. The RD recommended minimizing intake of trans fatty acids from processed and packaged foods, but she explained that some trans fats occur naturally. What foods have naturally occurring trans fatty acids?

beef, whole milk and butter

What are the insulin producing cells of the pancreas?

beta cells

source of high-quality protein

buttermilk, pork, whole eggs, nonfat dry milk

Saccharin can be found in which brand name? a. nutrasweet and equal b. splenda c. sweet'n low

c

Excess dietary protein and amino acids _______.

can be used for energy

What are two of the lowest saturated fats?

canola oil and olive oil

List in order of the body's preference for using nutrients for energy

carbs, proteins

Jennifer is not aware that she has type 2 diabetes. Her blood sugar level remains high after a meal because her _

cells do not respond to insulin

non digestible carbs

cellulose, gums, pectins, mucilages

What is two of the highest saturated fats?

coconut oil and butter

trans fatty acid

contains partially hydrogenated unsaturated fatty acid, double bond has its hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the molecule

Which of the following groups of polysaccharides are forms of starch? a. mucilages and lignins b. cellulose and hemicelluloses c. pectins and gums d. amylose and amylopectin

d

Glucose is stored in the form of what?

glycogen

Saturated fatty acid

each carbon atom in this fatty acid's carbon chain has two hydrogens, primary type of fatty acid in beef and butter fat

The primary function of carbs in the body is to provide what for all cells?

energy

supplies protein that is not high-quality

enriched, whole-wheat flour, white potatoes

Because animals store glycogen in their muscles, meat, fish and poultry are good sources of the complex carb

false

insuffiecient dietary carbs can lead to elevated level of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies form as a result of the partial breakdown of _

fat

Most dietary _____ are complex carbs comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

fibers

To fulfill such recommendations, diets should emphasize the consumption of _

fish, nuts and vegetable oil

cholesterol is ___

found only in animal foods

Which of the following foods generally provides the least amount of protein per serving?

fruits

Human treat milk contains which monosaccharides?

galactose and glucose

The disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy is called?

gestational diabetes

What increases blood glucose?

glucagon

Also known as dextrose or blood sugar?

glucose

The monosaccharide that serves as the basic unit of all carbohydrate structure is?

glucose

What is a six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form?

glucose

What is the primary fuel for most of the body's cells?

glucose

What are the three most important monosaccharides?

glucose, fructose and galactose

(Glycemic Index * Grams of carb) / 100= what?

glycemic load

In the US, _ has been used for over 100 years

saccharin

What is the enzyme secreted in the mouth that begins the process of carbohydrate digestion?

salivary amylase

begins the breakdown of starch in the mouth

salivary amylase

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of _______ fatty acids.

saturated

According to the Dietary Guidelines, people should limit their intake of _ to less than 10% of total calories, and keep _ intakes as low as possible

saturated fatty acids, trans fat and cholesterol

What type of fiber either dissolves or swells in water?

soluble

not a source of source of protein

soybean oil, sugar

Sucralose can be found in what brand name?

splenda

The storage form of carbs in plants is called?

starch

The alternative sweetener _ is made by chemically modifying a sucrose ,molecule so it escapes digestion and absorption

sucralose

breaks disaccharide into glucose and fructose

sucrase

____ is a disaccharide commonly known as table sugar. It is made up of glucose and fructose

sucrose

_ are the primary source of added sugars in the American diet

sugar-sweetened soft drinks