DHN 101 EXAM 4

Obese women who are pregnant with one fetus should gain _______ pounds during pregnancy.

11-20

Recommended sports drinks contain about ________ g of carbohydrate per 12-ounce serving.

21

A healthy infant who weighs 8.2 pounds at birth can be expected to weigh _______ pounds by his/her first birthday.

24.6

Paulette takes a supplement containing 10 μg of vitamin D. This is equivalent to ________ IU of vitamin D.

400

Tatiana is a competitive athlete who weighs 70 kg. She would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain her weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, she should consume ________ grams of carbohydrate daily.

420 to 700

Holly is a healthy woman who is 22 years of age. Using this information, calculate her target heart rate zone for moderate-intensity physical activity.

99 to 139 bpm

_______ is an immediate and direct source of energy for cells.

ATP

Which of the following statements is true?

Dehydration can result in declines in an athlete's strength and endurance.

Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?

E

Which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of obesity during childhood?

Having a family history of obesity

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with the normal aging process?

Increased brain weight

Which of the following nutrition-related health problems are widespread among American preschool children? Check all that apply.

Iron deficiency Iron deficiency Correct Obesity Obesity Correct Rickets

Which of the following activities is typically considered a vigorous physical activity?

Jumping rope

Compared to younger persons, older adults have greater risk of nutritional deficiencies because of physiological changes associated with the normal aging process. Select all of the statements that apply to the nutrient needs of older adults.

Older adults who have lost many teeth are more likely to avoid eating whole-grain products, fruits, vegetables, and meats. Older adults who have lost many teeth are more likely to avoid eating whole-grain products, fruits, vegetables, and meats. Correct Compared to a person who is 30 years of age, a person who is 75 years of age needs about 500 additional kilocalories per day to support basal metabolism. Compared to a person who is 30 years of age, a person who is 75 years of age needs about 500 additional kilocalories per day to support basal metabolism. Correct Diets of older Americans generally do not supply adequate amounts of vitamins A, D, and fiber.

________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.

Osteomalacia

Which of the following statements is true?

Oxytocin is necessary for the "let-down" reflex to occur.

Which of the following foods is high carbohydrate and low fat?

Toast spread with strawberry jam

________ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins K, D, and A

During the first trimester, a pregnant woman's daily energy requirement is _______ her daily energy needs before she became pregnant.

about the same as

Darlene is a 5′ 2′′, 23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like to try a surgical weight-loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible. Her physician is likely to recommend ________.

adjustable gastric banding

During glycolysis, the body _______.

breaks down one glucose molecule to form two pyruvate molecules

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in ________.

deposition of calcium in soft tissues

Human cells release most of the energy stored in carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids as _______.

heat

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________.

hypertension

Aerobic activities _______.

involve sustained, rhythmic contractions of certain large skeletal muscles

Carbohydrate loading _______.

involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event.

Caffeine _______.

is the most widely used ergogenic aid in the world

Breastfed infants are _______ than babies who are fed infant formula.

less likely to have ear infections

Gregg's BMI is 34.2. Based on this information, his weight is in the ________ range.

obese class I

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

olive oil

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of ________.

osteomalacia

To obtain energy under aerobic conditions, cells need _______.

oxygen

The federal government's "Check Your Steps" program has four simple rules for food safety. All of the following are part of the "Check Your Steps" program EXCEPT ______.

sanitize

Choline is an example of a ________.

vitamin-like substance

All of the following are common ingredients in sports drinks EXCEPT ________.

caffeine

Amy is studying quietly. Under these conditions, her muscles are using primarily _______ for energy.

fat

The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the _______.

first trimester

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________.

gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities

Preeclampsia is a form of _______ that can develop during pregnancy.

hypertension

Throughout her pregnancy, Dana has been experiencing heartburn. There are a few steps she can take to prevent heartburn or alleviate its discomfort. All of the following help prevent or lessen pain associated with heartburn EXCEPT _______.

lying down after meals

To conserve the vitamin content of foods, ________.

stir-fry instead of boil

Miranda is physically fit. She has _______.

the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living

Any microbe that can cause disease is a pathogen. Salmonella and E. coli are types of bacteria. Another potential source of food-borne illnesses are viruses, which are pieces of genetic material coated with protein. Organisms that live in or on another living thing and get their nutrients from the host are called parasites. Food-borne illness can also be caused by simple life forms that live on dead or decaying organic matter; these are called fungi.

Any microbe that can cause disease is a pathogen. Salmonella and E. coli are types of bacteria. Another potential source of food-borne illnesses are viruses, which are pieces of genetic material coated with protein. Organisms that live in or on another living thing and get their nutrients from the host are called parasites. Food-borne illness can also be caused by simple life forms that live on dead or decaying organic matter; these are called fungi.

According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may benefit muscle recovery after intense exercise?

Branched-chain amino acids

Certain foods that have been improperly canned at home may contain the bacterium Clostridium botulinum or the deadly toxin that is produced by the microbe. Although the home-canning process may destroy the bacteria, its spores may survive and begin to grow when conditions are favorable. To reduce the likelihood that home-canned low-acid foods such as corn and beans are unsafe, the food should be boiled for 10 minutes before eating. Home-canned foods made with vinegar, tomatoes, or citrus juices are usually high-acid foods and generally safe to eat.

Certain foods that have been improperly canned at home may contain the bacterium Clostridium botulinum or the deadly toxin that is produced by the microbe. Although the home-canning process may destroy the bacteria, its spores may survive and begin to grow when conditions are favorable. To reduce the likelihood that home-canned low-acid foods such as corn and beans are unsafe, the food should be boiled for 10 minutes before eating. Home-canned foods made with vinegar, tomatoes, or citrus juices are usually high-acid foods and generally safe to eat.

Which of the following statements is true?

Consuming excess sports drinks or water during exercise can contribute to water intoxication.

Cross-contamination is often responsible for outbreaks of food-borne illness. Select all of the statements that describe situations that are highly likely to involve cross-contamination of foods.

Deborah cuts up a raw chicken and wipes the knife with a paper towel before using it to dice tomatoes for a vegetable salad. Deborah cuts up a raw chicken and wipes the knife with a paper towel before using it to dice tomatoes for a vegetable salad. Correct After making meatloaf from raw, ground turkey meat, Mike washes his hands thoroughly in very warm, soapy water before preparing a dessert. After making meatloaf from raw, ground turkey meat, Mike washes his hands thoroughly in very warm, soapy water before preparing a dessert. Correct After transferring raw hamburger patties from a plate to a hot grill, Jewel leaves the plate nearby so she doesn't have to find a clean dish when the patties are done cooking.

Food ingredients that are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) are not classified as food additives. Thus, such substances can be used in food without being tested for safety or getting prior approval from the FDA. According to the Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment, food manufacturers cannot add a new compound to food if it causes cancer at any level of intake. The federal government's food regulatory agency cannot ban unintentional food additives from foods, even though some of these contaminants may be carcinogenic. The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 established the safety standard of "a reasonable certainty of no harm" for pesticide residues in foods.

Food ingredients that are Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) are not classified as food additives. Thus, such substances can be used in food without being tested for safety or getting prior approval from the FDA. According to the Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment, food manufacturers cannot add a new compound to food if it causes cancer at any level of intake. The federal government's food regulatory agency cannot ban unintentional food additives from foods, even though some of these contaminants may be carcinogenic. The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 established the safety standard of "a reasonable certainty of no harm" for pesticide residues in foods.

Older adults often need help in obtaining well-balanced, nutritious diets. Select all of the statements that are true regarding practical ways of improving nutrient intakes of older adults.

People who have lost many of their teeth generally find it easy to eat whole-grain cereals, nuts, raw apples, carrots, and celery. Offering meals that contain colorful, nutrient-dense foods may stimulate an older person's appetite. Offering meals that contain colorful, nutrient-dense foods may stimulate an older person's appetite. Correct Most older adults prefer to have few distractions while they eat, so their meals should be served and eaten in quiet, isolated settings.

Which of the following practices has been scientifically shown to extend the life spans of certain flies and rodents?

Performing vigorous physical exercise

Quinn is a healthy breast-fed baby. Quinn's mother, Kelley, would like to introduce solid foods into her son's diet. What factors can help Kelley determine whether her son is physiologically ready for solid foods? Check all that apply.

Quinn is 2 months old. Quinn is 2 months old. Correct Quinn can control the position of his head. Quinn can control the position of his head. Correct When Kelley places a small amount of mashed carrots into Quinn's mouth, the baby does not thrust his tongue forward to push the food out.

Scientists think genetic factors contribute to childhood obesity. If a young child's mother and father are obese, the child is 10 times more likely to develop childhood obesity than a child who has only one obese parent. Women who gain too much weight during pregnancy or have diabetes are more likely to give birth to high-birth-weight babies. Such children are also at risk of developing excess body fat in childhood. Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have babies who develop childhood obesity than women who do not have this habit.

Scientists think genetic factors contribute to childhood obesity. If a young child's mother and father are obese, the child is 10 times more likely to develop childhood obesity than a child who has only one obese parent. Women who gain too much weight during pregnancy or have diabetes are more likely to give birth to high-birth-weight babies. Such children are also at risk of developing excess body fat in childhood. Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to have babies who develop childhood obesity than women who do not have this habit.

What is the best way to store eggs to reduce the potential for food-borne illness?

Store eggs in their original carton in the refrigerator.