DHN 212 chapter 5

Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop? Cystic fibrosis Lactose intolerance Irritable bowel syndrome Blindness

Blindness

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Brown rice Beans Milk Liver

Beans

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal. glycogen stores ketone bodies muscle fibers vitamin C

ketone bodies

Insulin. is released during fasting periods, such as between meals stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy helps glucose enter cells increases blood glucose levels after meals

C

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? Waist circumference that is 32 inches Body temperature that is over 101°F Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl

C

Nervous system cells burn mostly _____ for energy. fructose lactose glucose fiber

glucose

Which of the following statements is true? Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil. Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

D

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as. glycogen certain B vitamins fiber ketone bodies

glycogen

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets? Jams and jellies Pastries Regular soft drinks Fruit juices

regular soft drinks

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners should she use? Mannitol Sucralose Table sugar Granulated cane juice

B

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? Lactose High-fructose corn syrup Soluble fiber Glucose

C

Fiber is indigestible by humans because it is a branched chain, while starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched. True False

False

diabetes

Diabetes mellitus ("diabetes") is a group of serious chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Those with diabetes experience hyperglycemia or abnormally elevated blood glucose levels. Major signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia include excessive thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and poor wound healing. Over time, untreated or poorly treated hyperglycemia damages nerves, organs, and blood vessels.

Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber. True False

True

Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water. True False

True

To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should. replace regular soft drinks with plain water increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup consume energy drinks instead of coffee consume more refined sources of carbohydrates

A

Which of the following statements is true? Sucrose is a source of glucose. Sucrose supplies more energy, gram per gram, than starch. Sucrose is comprised of two glucose molecules. Sucrose has no nutritional value.

A

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber? Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested. Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water. Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease.

C

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to. give birth to a baby that has birth defects have a lower risk of gestational hypertension require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant require more vitamin D, calcium, and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes

A

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should. give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates encourage the child to consume more energy drinks

A

Pancreatic amylase. digests starch in the small intestine is secreted by the gallbladder contributes to cystic fibrosis converts glucose to energy in cells

A

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach. True False

False

Chewing gum made with sugar alcohols contributes to tooth decay. True False

False

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high. True False

False

Soluble fiber is broken down completely by bacteria in the small intestine. True False

False

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.. aldosterone glucagon thyroxin insulin

glucagon

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be. converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys eliminated in feces converted into fat and stored

A

Which of the following statements is true? Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans. Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber. Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease.

C

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. constipation diverticulitis cystic fibrosis metabolic syndrome

D

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are. glucose, galactose, and mannose fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate maltose, ribose, and galactose galactose, glucose, and fructose

D

In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into _____ molecules that can be absorbed. sucrose lactose glucose ribose

Glucose

type 2

The most common type of diabetes is type 2 diabetes. Beta cells of people with type 2 diabetes usually produce insulin, but the hormone's target cells are insulin-resistant, which means they do not respond properly to the hormone and do not allow glucose to enter them. As a result, the level of glucose in the bloodstream rapidly becomes abnormally elevated, and the signs and symptoms of diabetes occur.

type 1

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that occurs when certain immune system cells malfunction and do not recognize the body's own beta cells. As a result, insulin must be supplied to the affected person regularly through exogenous sources