Digestive System

What does the large intestine do?

used to absorb water from the waste material leftover and to produce vitamin K and some B vitamins using the helpful bacteria that live here

Name the steps of digestion:

-begins when food enters the mouth -It is physically broken down by teeth -It is begun to be chemically broken down by amylase -The tongue moves the food around until it forms a ball called a bolus -the bolus is passed to the pharynx(throat) and the epiglottis makes sure the bolus passes into the esophagus and not down the windpipe -The bolus passes down the esophagus by peristalsis -Peristalsis is a wave of muscular contractions that push the bolus down towards the stomach -To enter the stomach, the bolus must pass through the lower esophagus sphincter, a tight muscle the keeps stomach acid out of the esophagus -The stomach has folds called rugae and is a big muscular pouch which churns the bolus and mixes it with gastric juice -The acid kills off any invading bacteria or viruses -The digested bolus is now called chyme and it leaves the stomach by passing through the pyloric sphincter -Chyme is now in the small intestine The majority of absorption occurs here -The liver and pancreas help the small intestine maximum absorption -The large intestine (or colon), is used to absorb water from the waste material leftover and to produce vitamin K and some B vitamins using the helpful bacteria that live here

Name the 4 steps for processing:

1. Ingestion-taking in food 2. Digestion-breaking down food into nutrients 3. Absorption-taking in nutrients by cells 4. Egestion-removing any leftover wastes

Duodenum

Bile, produced in the liver but stored in the gall bladder, enters through the bile duct. It breaks down fats.

Jejunum

Has tiny finger like projections called villi lining it, which increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients

What does the digestive system do?

The Digestive system is used to break down food into nutrients which then pass into the the circulatory system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.

Peristalsis

a wave of muscular contractions that push the bolus down towards the stomach

Amylase

an enzyme in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates

chyme

digested bolus

Bolus

food formed in a ball by the tongue