Digital Electronics EOC
Printed circuit board
A circuit board in which connections between components are made with lines of copper on the surfaces of the circuit board
Prototype
A circuit built functionally the same as a circuit that is to be tested
Multiplexer
A circuit that directs one of several digital signals to a single output, depending on the states of several select inputs
Encoder
A circuit that generates a binary code at its outputs in response to one or more active input lines
BCD-to-seven-segment decoder
A circuit with a 4-bit input for a BCD digit and seven outputs for segment selection
Boolean inputs
A combinational logic circuit is one in which two or more gates are connected together to combine several _______
Breadboard
A device with hidden interconnections on which we can build a prototype circuit
Timing diagram
A diagram showing how two or more digital waveforms in a system relate to each other over time
Octect
A group of eight adjacent cells
12 to 100
A medium-scale integration is an integrated circuit having the equivalent of ______ gates in one package
Solder
A metal alloy that melts at a significantly lower temperature than the metals it connects
Proton
A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of the atom
Clock signal
A special case of a symmetrical periodic waveform
50 mA
Currents as low as this may possibly result in death
Inputs
Decoder circuits often are constructed with multiple outputs; in effect, such a device is a collection of decoding gates controlled by the same _______
Demultiplexer
Directs a single input signal to one of several outputs
Voltage
Electrical potential
0 to 15
For the binary numbers from 0000 to 1111, the decimal equivalents are _____
Active LOW
Shown by a bubble or an arrow symbol on the affected terminal
Ohm's Law
States that the voltage across a component is equal to the resistance of the component multiplied by the current through the component
7
The International System of Units has _____ base units
Digital signals
Varies between two discrete values in much the same way that a light switch has two levels, "off" and "on."
Order of precedence
Boolean functions are governed by _______
Logic gates
Can be used as electronic switches to block or allow passage of digital waveforms
Ohm
Unit of resistance
Maxterm
A sum term in a Boolean expression where all possible variables appear once, in true or complement form
Negative logic
A system in which logic LOW represents binary digit 1 and logic HIGH represents binary digit 0
Periodic waveform
A time-varying sequence of logic HIGHs and LOWs that repeats over a specified period of time
Decoder
Activates one or more outputs when a specific set of values is applied to the circuit's inputs
Hexadecimal
After the binary system, ______ numbers are the most often used in digital applications
Even parity
An error-checking system that requires a binary number to have an even number of 1s
Positive Logic
Assigning the digit 1 to a logic HIGH and digit 0 to logic LOW
Noble elements
It is very difficult for _____ to combine to form molecules
Node
Junction of electronic components
Truth table
List of all possible input values to a digital circuit, listed in ascending binary order, and the output response for each input combination
Atom
Made up of a nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons
Data inputs
Multiplexer inputs that feed a digital signal to the output when selected
Sum-of-Products
One way to simplify a _______ is to look for pairs of product terms that are different by just one variable, then factor out what is common to the term, as you would do in other types of algebra
Not polarized
Resistors are _____; in other words, they can go into a circuit in either direction
Insulator
Rubber is an example of this
Soldering
This is done to attach components like resistors and capacitors to circuit boards
Polarized
These components must be inserted into a circuit in the proper direction to function
Protons
The atomic number of an element is the number of _____ in the nucleus of an atom of that element
Current
The flow of electricity
Duty cycle
The fraction of the total period that a digital waveform is in the HIGH state
0 to 3
The input to a circuit has values from _______ coded in binary format
Voltage
The more it is applied to a person's body, the more current will flow, and the more dangerous the situation becomes
Resistors
The most common component in electronics
VCC pin
The only place a chip gets its required power
Synthesis
The process of creating a logic circuit from a description such as a Boolean equation or truth table
Static electricity
The result of a stored charge rapidly discharging
Least significant bit
The rightmost bit of a binary number
Seven-Segment Decoder
The ripple blanking feature often included in a _______ allows for suppression of leading or trailing zeros in a multiple digit display, while allowing zeros to be displayed in the middle of a number
Meter
The typical issue when measuring current is that the _____ must receive the exact same current as the resistor to be measured
Simulation
The verification, using timing diagrams, of the logic of a digital design before programming it into a CPLD or an FPGA
NAND
This gate combines all of its inputs in an AND function, then inverts the total result
Boolean equation
Ultimately, you are looking for this when designing a combinational logic circuit
Complement form
When inverting gates such as NAND and NOR are enabled, they will invert an input signal passing it to the gate output; in other words, they transmit the signal in _______
Logic gate network
When two or more gates are connected together they form a _______
Flux
Wire solder contains solder and _____
Resistors
_____ are typically found as axial-lead packages
Seven-Segment Display
an array of seven independently controlled light-emitting diode (LED) or liquid crystal display (LCD) elements, shaped like a figure-8, which can be used to display decimal digits and other characters by turning on the appropriate elements