Discovering Psychology: The Science of Mind 3e Ch. 1
BehAvior
Action
behaviorism
An approach to psychology that features the study and careful measurement of observable behaviors.
Rene Descartes
Believed in dualism: the idea that body and mind are different and separate. He argued that ideas and emotions were innate or inborn.
Wilhelm Wundt
Conducted the first documented psychological experiment (ball drop) Believed that the goal was to understand consciousness - subjective
John Locke
Empiricist that viewed the mind as a blank slate.
EmoFions
Feelings
Max Wertheimer
Gestalt viewpoint to help explain perceptual illusions: art, logic, philosophy, and politics.
Edward Throndike
Law of effect: behaviors follwed by pleasant outcome would be more likely to occur in the future, and vise-versa.(behaviorist)
Sigmund Freud
Medical Physician, Psychodynamic theory: Ideas about the unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires.
CogniTion
Thoughts
functionalism
Why behavior and mental processes worked in a particular way. What could consciousness DO, not made of.
humanistic psychology
an approach to psychology that saw people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve. 'H' Hippies 70's.
behAvior
any Action that can be observed
Abraham Maslow
asked questions about what made a person "good." Theory of motivation; the goal of self-actualization. (pyramid) people made full use of their talents and abilities bc of self-actualization. (humanistic)
eclectic approach
combining several perspectives provides a more complete picture of behavior. ex: anxiety from PPT
Edward Titchener
expanded on Wundt's views to establish a theory of structuralism: a theory that mind could be broken down.
psychodynamic theory
people's unconscious thoughts, motives, impulses, and desires and childhood conflicts to explain behavior.
introspection
personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behavior (conscious experience) (subjective approach)
behaviorists
psychologists who examined behaviors that were the result of experience and that could be directly observed
behavioral perspective
seeks to explain external causes of behavior, suggests that behavior is learned and is influenced by other people and events define, and treat abnormal behaviors.
dualism
the idea that body and mind are different and separate. (Rene Descartes)
social psychology
the psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment and culture on the behavior of individuals.
developmental psychology
the psychological perspective that examines the normal changes in behavior that occur across the lifespan.
biological psychology
the psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships btwn mind, behavior, and their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology; also known as behavioral neuroscience
evolutionary psychology
the psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction.
cognitive psychology
the psychological perspective that investigates information processing, Thinking, reasoning, and problem solving.
clinical psychology
the psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat abnormal behaviors.
psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Gestalt psychology
to understand consciousness, we must study the whole, not just its component parts. (dont break into building blocks!) (School of thought -perspective/viewpoint)
empiricism
viewed the mind as a "blank slate" at birth that was filled with ideas gained by observing the world.
B.F. Skinner
(behaviorist) interested in the effects of consequences on how frequently behaviors were performed
Carl Rogers
(humanistic THERAPIST) Positive psychology (altruism) Referred people to clients other than patients --equality with therapist. (client-centered therapist)
