Discovering The Life Span Meehan Test 4 Chapter 7,8

Term: defensive coping. Page 315

Coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of the situation.

Describe the health and physical status of people in their early 20s. Page 306

They are at their peak, fitness and health are never better.

What is dialectical thinking (apparent in early adulthood), according to Basseches (1984)? Page 319

An interest in and appreciation for argument counterargument in debate.

What age is a professional athlete considered over the hill? Page 307

By the end of their 20s.

According to Schaie what is the main cognitive developmental task before adulthood? Page 319

Acquisition of information.

Term: senescence

The natural physical decline brought about by aging.

What is the world average weight for adults according to Walpole? Page 311

137 pounds

What rate is twice the death rate of Caucasians during early adulthood?

African-American

Coping. Page 314

The effort to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress.

What is the average weight for adults in the United States? Page 311

180 pounds

According to the American College of sports medicine in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to yield significant health benefits from exercise in early adulthood one must have a moderate workout program that lasts at least ____ minutes for at least ____ days a week. Page 307

30 minutes, five days a week.

What percent of adults are considered obese? Page 311

33%

What percent of African-American high school graduates attend college? Page 324

61%

What percent of white high school graduates attend college? Page 324

69%

What is a person's immediate reaction to stress?

A biological reaction: hormone secreting by the adrenal glands cause a rise in heart rate blood pressure respiration rate and sweating.

How is the term disability defined? Page 311

A condition that substantially limits a major life activities such as walking or vision.

Elmer is 24 years old. Last week he graduated from college with a degree in accounting. He has had several job offers but is not sure to which firm he will commit. Once he has decided where he will work he will ask his longtime girlfriend to marry him and in a few years he wants to start a family. Also Elmer has an interest in volunteer work either with Habitat for Humanity or the Humane Society. According to Schaie's theory what stage of cognitive development is Elmer in? Page 319

Achieving stage.

What is a person's coping style and a young adult effort to deal with stress? Page 315

A person's coping style: is there general tendency to deal with stress in a particular way. People with a hearty coping style are successful.

Term: hardiness

A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress related illness.

Other than car accidents list four leading causes of death for people between 25 and 34 years old. Page 307 - 308

AIDS, cancer heart disease and suicide.

Adults in their 20s and 30s are more likely to die from being in a(n) ____________ than from AIDS, cancer, heart disease, and suicide

Accidents, primarily car accidents.

Acquisitive stage. Page 319

According to Shea the first stage of cognitive development encompassing all of childhood and adolescence

What is the disadvantage associated with the habitual use of defensive coping in a person's effort to manage stress? Page 315

Its reliance on avoidance can stand in the way of dealing with the reality of the situation.

How can long-term continuous stress detrimentally affect the person's body?

As stress-related hormones are constantly secreted the heart blood vessels and other body tissues may deteriorate. As a consequence people are more susceptible to diseases as their ability to fight off germs declines.

What is the ultimate and most important health benefit of regular exercise during early adulthood and beyond, according to Stevens et al. (2002);Rethorst, Wipfli, & (2009); Jung & Brawley (2010)? Page 307

Associated with increased longevity.

Within the context of "familiarity breeds rigidity" view (Sarnoff Mednick, 1963), why does creativity peak in early adulthood? Page 322

Because many problems encountered professionally are novel, new.

How is obesity defined? Page 311

Body weight that is 20% or more above the average wait for a person of a given height.

Give 4 examples (i.e. famous people) making the case that people do not peak in creativity until much later in life. Page 322

Buckminster Fuller Frank Lloyd Wright Charles Darwin and John Piaget Picasso

. In what periods of human development will the acquisitive stage take place, according Schaie's theory of cognitive development? Note: 2 answers, Page 319

Childhood and adolescence.

Candace is 28 years old she is married has two children and works full-time as a registered nurse at a local hospital. Needless to say Candace is quite busy. She wakes up at 415 every morning. After cup of coffee and a 45 minute workout Candace wakes up her children. While her young children are getting ready for school Candace takes a shower and dresses for work. At 7:15 AM Candace drops the kids up at school and she heads to the hospital. At 3:30 PM Candace Clark that gets back to your neighborhood in time to meet her children when they get off the school bus. When she gets home she starts to prepare dinner. What is Candace experiencing

Chronic stress.

What is the most frequent cause of death for black males between the ages of 20-34 in the United States?

homicide

Alex is 28 years old.He was notified that his supervisor at work will not be on the job for the next 6 months. As a result Alex will not only do his work but his supervisor's as well. He will be working more than 70 hours a week until his boss returns. Alex states about his employment disposition, "no problem doing my job and his job will be a piece of cake." What coping strategy is Alex employing an effort to cope with his stress? Page 315

Defensive coping.

What may some people employ unconsciously in an effort to cope with stress? Even if they do not consciously cope with stress page 315

Defensive coping.

Chris is 29 years old. He has congregated with others in his age group. They begin to discuss issues related to politics and the upcoming presidential election. Each argues their political positions and why a certain candidate would be the best president. Although at times contentious they enjoy the debate and are interested in others' points of view. What type of postformal thinking is evident among these young adults, according to Basseches (1984)? Page 319

Dialectial thinking.

Although initially drugs and alcohol may give a person who is experiencing stress a pleasurable sense of escape why is this an unhealthy coping mechanism? Page 315 to answers

Do not help address the situation causing stress, and increase a person's difficulties.

what periods of human development will the responsible stage take place, according to Schaie's theory of cognitive development? Note: 2 answers, Page 320

During late stages of early adulthood and in middle adulthood.

In the context of coping with stress describe the resilient young adult. Page 317. Six answers

Easy-going good-natured good social and communication skills independent not dependent on others or lock they work hard with what they have.

According to the US Department of Agriculture how can a person early adulthood (and beyond) achieve good nutrition? Page 310

Eating foods that are low in fat,including vegetables , fruits , whole-grain foods, fish, poultry, lean meats, and low-fat dairy products.

Jennifer is 27 years old. She is recently separated from her husband is having difficulty running the household that includes two small children. Although she is stressed she looks at the bright side of things stating: at least I don't have to put up with my exes drunkenness and abusive behavior anymore. What type of coping strategy is Jennifer employing?

Emotion focused coping.

How can a person who is experiencing stress benefit from social support? Three answers. Page 315

Emotional support practical tangible support others can provide information: offering specific advice on how to deal with a stressful situation.

What eating behavior can a person in early adulthood avoid if they try to lose weight by eating in moderation and instead of dieting? Page 311

Even if obese people never reach their desired weight, they may ultimately control their weight more effectively. They will avoid the seesaw cycle of gain and loss.

List the characteristics of events that have a high likelihood of producing stress. Parentheses for answers) page 313

Events and circumstances that produce negative emotions (dealing with illness of a loved one ) situations that are uncontrollable or unpredictable (professors to give surprise quizzes) events and circumstances that are ambiguous and confusing, and finally having to simultaneously accomplish many tasks at strain a person's capacities.

What must those in early adulthood commit to in order to be physically fit and to reach their full physical potential? (Two answers) page 307

Exercise and maintain a proper diet.

What may stunt creativity after early adulthood, according to Sarnoff Mednick (1963)? Page 322

Familiarity breeds rigidity. The more people know a subject the less likely they are to be creative.

What percent of people with major handicaps that finished high school? Page 311

Fewer than 10% of people with major handicaps have finished high school.

What percent of disabled man and disabled women work full-time? Page 311

Fewer than 25% of disabled man, and 15% of disabled women work full-time.

What country has the fourth highest murder rate for men compared to other developed countries figure 7 - two page 308

France

What aspect of developmental advances during early adulthood as a result of maturation of the brain page 307

Gray matter continues to be pruned back and myelination continues to increase. These brain changes help support the cognitive advances of early adulthood.

Characterized early adults are considered hearty (heartiness within the context of effectively coping with stress). Three answers. Page 316

Hardy people react to stressors with optimism, convinced they can respond effectively. Party individuals are take charge people who revel in life's challenges. They are more resistant to stress related illness to those who are less Hardy.

List six stress-related illnesses. Page 314

Headaches, backaches, skin rashes, indigestion, chronic fatigue, the common cold.

What is the third most frequent cause of death for white males between the ages of 20 and 34? Page 308

Homicide.

Reintegrated stage. Page 320

late adulthood,during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning

What is problem focused coping In an effort manage stress?

Managing a threatening situation by directly changing it to make it less stressful.

Term: somatic symptom disorders Page 314

Medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties.

What Sex is more likely to die in an automobile accident during early adulthood? Page 308

Men

What percent of college students are above the age of 24? Page 324

One third of college students, 33%

According to the definition of disability how many people in the United States are physically or mentally challenged?

Over 50 million people.

Listing barriers to optimal employment of those who have a disability. Page 311 to 312

People in wheelchairs cannot gain access to older buildings, prejudice is also a barrier. Disabled people are treated as children.

According to experts how can people in early adulthood realistically lose weight because most diets fail?

People should avoid dieting altogether , instead people need to eat the foods they want in moderation, and avoid binge eating that often occurs when diets fail.

What are the musculoskeletal benefits of regular exercise during early adulthood and beyond? Page 307

The muscles are stronger the body more flexible range of movement is greater muscles tendons and ligaments are more elastic.

Rex is 29 years old as he is driving to work in a back country road it begins to rain heavily to the point that Rex's visibility is practically zero. Subsequently as heart rate respirations and blood pressure rises. He is concerned he could lose control of his vehicle and is concentrating on how we can make it through the storm safely. And what stage of stress is Rex experiencing as he attempts to manage this negative stressful event? Page 313

Primary appraisal

As the two stages that people move through that determine whether they will experience stress. Page 313

Primary appraisal and secondary appraisal.

List two types of focused coping strategies adults use in an effort to manage stress. Page 314

Problem focused coping, emotion focused coping.

Steve is 25 years old. He has been on a job for a year and a half. Over the past several months and supervisor picked on him and purposely gives them tasks that he cannot manage. As a result Steve has difficulty sleeping, his blood pressure is gone up, and he is irritable all the time. Stevens decided to ask me transferred to another position, and if his request is denied he will seek employment elsewhere. What type of coping strategy is Steve employing? Page 314

Problem focused coping.

What psychomotor abilities peak during early adulthood years? Three answers. Page 307

Reaction time is quicker, muscle strength greater, and hand eye coordination better than any other time.

What is resilience? In the context of heartiness and stress management page 317

Resilience: the ability to withstand over, and even thrive after profound adversity.

Unlike adolescents who are undergoing tremendous growth resulting in eating high caloric junk food and foods high in fat how should those in early adulthood manage their caloric intake in order to maintain their health? Page 308

They must reduce their caloric intake to maintain their health.

Michael is 39 years old. He is happily married with two teenage daughters. He manages the local airport and is studying to be a pilot. Michael participates regularly in family activities and contributes to the maintenance of their household. He helps clean the house, wash the dishes, mows the lawn among other responsibilities. According to Schaie's theory is the ____________ stage of cognitive development. Page 320

Responsible stage

Describe the employment positions that people with disabilities typically have. Page 311

Routine and low-paying positions.

Amanda is 26 years old under way to work she gets pulled over by a state trooper for speeding. She is given a citation that includes a $250 fine and a summons to appear in court. This worries a manic as she was cited for speeding a year ago and she is financially strapped. She drives after receiving the speeding ticket Amanda begins to wonder how my going to pay for this ticket and what it meant going to tell the judge. And what stress stage is a man experiencing as she attempts to manage this negatively stressful event? Page 313

Secondary appraisal

Christopher is 28 years old. Three months ago he was promoted to regional manager of a Fortune 500 medical supply company. He is working over 70 hours a week and regularly travel to different parts of the country. Although this was Christopher's dream job he did not realize the mental stress he would experience. He tries to think positively and work hard at it acclimating himself to his new job. After several months on his new job Christopher begins to not feel well. It was determined by his physician that Christopher has ulcers, high blood pressure, and chronic fatigue. What medical condition is associated with Chris for stress and subsequent medical problems? Page 313

Somatic symptom disorder

List two examples of happy events in a person's life that can produce stress. Page 313

Starting a long-sought job, or planning a wedding.

What athletes function at their best in their late teens and younger? Page 307 two answers.

Swimmers and gymnasts.

In the context of heartiness described those are less apt to experience high levels of stress? Page 316

The Hardy people turn threats into challenges, so they are less apt to experience high levels of stress.

Why do people turn to the web in an effort to cope with stress? Page 315

The ability to learn from others' experiences is one of the reasons that people use the web to connect with people have had similar experiences.

In what periods of human development will the acquisition stage take place? Two answers page 319

The acquisitive stage the achieving stage

Primary appraisal. Page 313

The assessment of an event to determine whether its implications are positive negative or neutral.

Secondary appraisal. Page 313

The assessment of whether once coping abilities, and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat or challenge posed by the potential stressor.

Give 2 examples of life events that may influence cognitive growth, according to the author of your text and Kandler et al. (2012); Andersson & Conley (2013)? Page 323

The birth of a child, the death of a loved one.

Describe brain growth and development during early adulthood. Age 307

The brain grows in both size and weight, reaching its maximum during early adulthood.

Creativity page 322

The combination of responses or ideas in novel ways.

What is emotion focused coping. In an effective manage stress?

The conscious regulation of emotion.

How can an over stimulated immune system adversely affect persons body? Page 314

The immune system can attack the body itself, and damage healthy tissue.

What body system can be damaged by stress resulting in the person's reduced ability to defend against disease? Page 314

The immune system.

What is "familiarity breeds rigidity," according to Sarnoff Mednick (1963)? Page 322

The more a subject is known the less likely people will be creative about it.

Define: stress

The physical and emotional response to events that threaten or challenge us

Achieving stage. Page 319

The point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and society contributions.

Responsible stage. Page 320

The stage with the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers.

Psychoneuroimmunology.

The study of the relationship among the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors.

How can a person benefit from the emergency reaction and some kinds of stress? Page 313

The sympathetic nervous system to enable people to defend themselves from a sudden threatening situation.

Post formal thought. Page 319

Thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms.

How far away can average adult hear the ticking of a watch? Page 307

Under quiet conditions, the average young adult can hear the ticking of a watch 20 feet away.

Jack is 28 years old. As part of this fitness program Jack rides his mountain bike for at least 30 minutes 2 to 3 times a week. In order for Jack to yield significant health benefits from bicycling what speed should he keep during this particular workout session? Page 307

Up to 10 mph.

With two behavioral choices associated with Hastened secondary aging during early adulthood. Page 308

Use of alcohol tobacco or drugs. Engaging in unprotected sex

List 3 common household chores that can provide moderate exercise for those in early adulthood, according to the American College of sports medicine (1997). Page 307

Weeding vacuuming and mowing with a power mower.

Executive stage. Page 320

When In middle adulthood, people take a broader perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world.

What is emotional insulation a type of defensive coping? Page 315

Where people unconsciously try to block emotions and avoid pain.

What sex during early adulthood can detect higher tones more readily? Page 307

Women can detect higher tones more readily than men.

At what age will illness and disease overtake accidents as a leading cause of death in early adulthood? Page 308

age 35

Describe the thinking of young adults that transcends logic (i.e. formal operational thought) and required in order to deal with the complexities of society, according to Labouvie-Vief (1990, 2006). Note: 3 answers, Page 318

finding one's way through that complexity require thought that transcends logic: practical experience moral judgments values.