diverse populations test 1

macro-discrimination (institutional)

Not limited to specific cases of negative actions taken against members of particular groups but is firmly incorporated in the society's normative system

privilege

Some groups have something of value that are denied to others simply because of the groups they belong to; these unearned advantages give some groups a head start in seeking a better life.

territoriality

ethnic groups often occupy a distinct territory within larger society

meritocracy

the most skilled people have the better jobs and the least skilled people have the lowest-paying jobs, regardless of race, gender, age, and other factors

laissez-faire racism

Continuation of negative stereotypes Blaming blacks for black-white socioeconomic gap Resistance to policy changes that address gap

what are characteristics of ethnic groups?

1. unique cultural traits 2. Sense of community 3. ethnocentrism 4. ascribed membership 5. territoriality

demographics of hispanic americans

-Median age is 27, compared to 40 for non-Hispanic white & 30 for total U.S. population -Between 1990-2010, Latinx population increased by 130%

forms of contact:

1. conquest 2. annexation 3. voluntary immigration 4. involuntary immigration

Suicide & alcoholism significantly higher in NA population:

15-20yr olds commit suicide at 3x national average Mortality from alcoholism over 6x rate of U.S. population

oppression

A dynamic process by which one segment of society achieves power & privilege through the control and exploitation of other groups, which are burdened and pushed down into the lower levels of the social order

ethnic stratification systems

A system of structured social inequality; a rank order to groups, each made up of people with presumed common cultural or physical characteristics interacting in patterns of dominance & subordination Majority-minority OR dominant-subordinate systems

micro-discrimination (individual)

Actions taken by individuals or groups of limited size to injure or deny members of minority ethnic groups Actions are intentional & appear to be implementation of prejudicial attitudes

racism

Belief that humans are subdivided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their social behavior and mental capacities and that can therefore be ranked as superior or inferior

dominant groups

Group at the top of the ethnic hierarchy, which receives a disproportionate share of wealth, exercises predominant political authority, dominates the society's cultural system, and has inordinate influence on the future ethnic makeup of the society

minority groups

Groups in a multiethnic society that, on the basis of their physical or cultural traits, receive fewer of the society's rewards.

Why weren't Native Americans/Indians treated the same?

Many reasons, but primarily because they had more resources Black slaves had to rely on white people because they were stripped of culture and all resources

types and levels of discrimination

Micro-discrimination (individual) Macro-discrimination (institutional) Structural Discrimination

development of black minority

Only group to have entered as involuntary immigrants Only group to be subsequently victimized for two centuries of slavery

merton's paradigm

P&D not constant, change depending on number of factors (see figure above) -all weather liberals -active bigots -timid bigots -fair-weather liberals

Three broad sections of history of black-white conflict

Slavery The Jim Crow period Modern era

color-blind racism

Tendency for white Americans to maintain that color doesn't matter/they don't see color Believe shortcomings are result of individual effort

slave rights

The enslaved lacked virtually all legal rights Could not own property Count not inherit property Could not testify in court Could not hire themselves out Could not make contracts Could not marry, which means families could be torn apart) Could not be taught to read or write

diversity

Variety, multiformity, difference, or dissimilarity

housing discrimination

Where people live determines Schools they have access to Jobs they have access to Benefits from public institutions (hospitals for example) Transportation systems Commercial establishments they have access to

sense of community

a consciousness of kind or an awareness of close associate (a "we" feeling)

race biological meaning

a population of humans classified on the basis of certain hereditary characteristics that differentiate them from other human groups

dominant (majority) group

a social group that controls the political, economic, and cultural institutions in a society.

subordinate (minority) group

a social group that lacks control of the political, economic, and cultural institutions in a society.

all-weather liberals

accept the idea of social equality & refrain from discriminating against ethnic minorities (behavior is consistent with beliefs)

discrimination

actions against minority ethnic groups, including avoidance, denial, intimidation, or physical attack

dominative racism

actions are taken to oppress racial minorities and keep them subservient

discrimination

actions that deny equal treatment to persons perceived to be members of some social category or group

racial group

an ethnic group whose members are believed, by others if not also by themselves, to by physiologically different"

model minority

an example of success that other ethnic groups might emulate

abolitionist beliefs

black people are inferior to whites Integrated society was not possible Elimination of race was not desired

aversive racism

characterized by inaction wherein racial minorities are simply ignored and and avoided when possible

Hispanic most frequently used in past few ____

decades

jim crow measures

designed to separate blacks and whites in almost all areas of social life: housing, work, education, health care, transportation, leisure, and religion

secessionist minorities

desire neither assimilation nor cultural autonomy

structural discrimination

exists as a product of the normal functioning of the society's institutions Unlike Micro- & Macro-, it is unintended & difficult to observe Example—education

involuntary immigration

forced transfer of people from one society to another

ethnic stereotypes

formed through selection of distinctive behavioral traits of ethnic group by out-group members Construct "short-hand description" People rarely claim to hate groups without reason; adverse views couched in "rational" terms (i.e. Jews are 'greedy', Blacks are 'lazy', etc.)

racial ethnic groups

groups that are particularly divergent physically from the dominant group

Latino used commonly to describe those of various Latin American origins

latinx

voluntary immigration

migration of people from one society to another

prejudice

negative ideas regarding subordinate ethnic groups and ideas expressing the superiority of the dominant group

ascribed membership

ordinarily ascribed, a characteristic acquired at birth and not subject to basic change

annexation

part/all of one society incorporated into another, can be peaceful or violent

conquest

people of one society subdue all/part of another society and take on role of dominant group (European colonialism)

structural discrimination

policies of dominant group institutions, and the behavior of the individuals who implement these policies and control these institutions, that do not intend to harm people because of their group membership but that have a differential impact and/or harmful effect on subordinate groups.

mobility between strata

possibilities exist for individuals to move upward from a lower to a higher class or downward from a higher to a lower class (social mobility) Limited; class inherited Ethnic stratification—boundaries more distinct; ascribed status Mobility is minimal

social construction

reality cannot be separated from the way a culture makes sense of it—that meaning is "constructed" through social, political, legal, scientific, and other processes.

militant minorities

seek as their ultimate goal not withdrawal, but rather status as the society's dominant group

assimilationist minorities

seek integration into dominant society

pluralistic minorities

seek to maintain their cultural ways at the same time as they participate in the society's major political & economic institutions

individual discrimination

the behavior of individual members of one group or category that is intended to have a differential and/or harmful effect on members of another group or category

institutional discrimination

the policies of dominant group institutions, and the behavior of individuals who implement these policies and control these institutions, that are intended to have a differential and/or harmful effect on subordinate groups.

ethnocentrism

the tendency to judge other groups by the standards and values of one's own group

good-for-business diversity

◦Argument that businesses will be more profitable, and government agencies and not-for-profit corporations will be more efficient, with diverse labor forces 1. Woman car salesperson more effective selling cars to women 2. No diversity= bad for business

Diversity in the social sciences:

◦Counting Diversity ◦Culture Diversity ◦Good-for-business Diversity ◦Conflict Diversity

counting diversity

◦Empirically enumerating differences within a given population 1. Counting members of different races, ethnicities, religions, genders, etc. 2. Homogenous vs. Heterogeneous ◦Very difficult to determine—especially with race ◦Only tells part of the picture

3 basic ideas of racist ideology

◦Humans are divided naturally into different physical types ◦Such physical traits as people display are intrinsically related to their culture, personality, and intelligence ◦The differences among groups are innate, not subject to change, and on the basis of their genetic inheritance, some groups are innately superior to others.

culture diversity

◦The importance of understanding and appreciating the cultural differences between groups 1. Rich vs. poor, White vs. POC, Disabled vs. Nondisabled 2. Different worldviews, experiences, modes of communication, behaviors, values, & belief systems ◦Tendency to adopt lower levels of prejudice, increased inclusion ◦Assumption that appropriate attitudinal changes can happen without without large-scale structural changes in economy and political systems

conflict diversity

◦Understanding how different groups exist in a hierarchy of inequality in terms of power, privilege, & wealth. ◦Emphasis on how dominant groups oppress subordinate groups 1. SG—seeking liberation, freedom, institutional change, revolution 2. Celebrating diversity within an unjust system is insufficient ex) sexual orientation