DNA Genes and Proteins (Quiz 10)

How many subunits does the ribosome contain?

2

Use Figure 15.4 from Openstax, The Genetic Code to answer this question: A peptide has the sequence NH2-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH. Which of the following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?

5' TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC

In which direction does DNA polymerase add new nucleotides?

5'-3'

In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?

A + G = C + T

In complementary base-pairing during DNA replication:

A binds to T, C binds to G

A space probe returns with a culture of a microorganism found on a distant planet. Analysis shows that it is a carbon-based life-form that has DNA. You grow the cells in 15N medium for several generations and then transfer them to 14N medium. Which pattern in the figure above would you expect if the DNA unlike on earth was replicated in a conservative manner?

B

In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N. Which of the results in the figure above would be expected after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N?

D

Which of the following proteins unwinds the DNA at the replication fork?

DNA helicase

Which enzyme is responsible for new DNA synthesis?

DNA polymerase

Why can't the bases sequence TGCCGAACTTGAA be translated directly?

This is a segment of DNA, not RNA.

How would you design an experiment using the enzyme DNase to show DNA was the genetic material?

Wrong: Test to see if the enzyme formed new DNA to enhance bacterial transformation.

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is:

Wrong:3' ACU 5'

Which small-scale mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?

a base deletion near the start of a gene

Each transfer RNA has a sequence complimentary to the codon known as the:

anticodon

Which type of process shows that DNA was the genetic material?

bacterial transformation

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the

bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs.

Alternative RNA splicing

can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA

The flow of information in genetics is often diagrammed in the following way, DNA <----> RNA ----> Protein, and is better known as the:

central dogma of molecular genetics

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are:

cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine

A chart showing the codons used for each amino acid is known as the:

genetic code

DNA is wrapped around proteins called:

histones

The first stage of translation is known as:

initiation

A transcription unit in a eukaryote that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that

many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA

Which type of RNA carries the code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Use Figure 15.4 from Openstax, The Genetic Code to answer this question: What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'

met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu

A segment of DNA wrapped twice around a group of histone proteins is known as a:

nucleosome

Which of the following proteins ensures that separated DNA strands don't anneal back together?

single-stranded binding proteins

Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?

the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5' cap of mRNA

Which of the following proteins relieves pressure from DNA supercoiling during DNA replication?

topoisomerase

The process of converting DNA to RNA is called:

transcription

The process of using DNA from one bacterium to alter the characteristics of another is called:

transformation

The process of converting RNA to protein is called:

translation

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA?

uracil