DNA practice assessment

Given the sequence of DNA nucleotide bases TTAGCCTTG, give the complementary strand of mRNA produced during transcription.

AAUCGGAAC

All organisms contains DNA, and every organism's DNA is made of the same four nucleotides. The differences between organisms is simply based on the order of these nucleotides. Since all organisms have the same basic, universal structure for DNA, which of these must also be universal?

All codons in all organisms' DNA code for the same amino acids.

Josh is assigned a project in class to make a strand of mRNA from DNA. The DNA code that he has been assigned is CGG TCG AGT GAT. What would be the correct code for Josh to use in his transcription?

GCC AGC UCA CUA

DNA Copies: GTC CAT AGG CAG GTA TCC -> GTC CAT AGC* CAG GTA TCG* ->GTC CAT AGG CAG GTA TCC If DNA replication continues as illustrated, which statement MOST accurately describes the expected results?

One strand of replicated DNA will provide a altered code for one amino acid.

DNA encodes the information necessary to produce the proteins needed by your body. To make these proteins, DNA first undergoes a process known as transcription. This is when the information on a DNA strand is transferred to a molecule very similar to DNA, known as _______ .

RNA

____ produce proteins proteins by following coded instructions that come from the nucleus of the cell.

Ribsomes

Which is an accurate description of the processes used to turn the DNA code of a gene into a protein?

Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids to the ribosomes, matching messenger RNA codons.

DNA encodes the information necessary to produce the proteins needed by your body. While this is true for humans, is it the case for other organisms?

Yes, all organisms use DNA for the production of proteins.

What type of biomolecule will be produced at the end of the process shown in the illustration? (TRANSLATION in RIBOSOME)

a protein

DNA is double stranded helix, connected by what could be described as "ladder rungs". These rungs are actually nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. A sequence of three of these nucleotides is known as a codon. Codons are important in the composition of proteins, because each codon calls for a specific ____________.

amino acid

Both DNA and RNA nucleotides contain three basic components. Nucleotides contain all of the components listed EXCEPT (pictures shows a 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous bases, and a phosphate group.)

amino acids

Proteins are made of ___, and the sequence of these determine how the protein will fold up and take shape, which ultimately determines it's function.

amino acids

Translation of the DNA sequence AAGCTGGGA would result in

an sequence of three amino acids linked by peptide bond

U C A G U UUU-phe UCU-ser UAU-tyr UGU-cys UUC-phe UCC-ser UAC-tyr UGC-cys UUA-leu UCA-ser UAA-STOP UGA-STOP UUG-leu UCG-ser UAG-STOP UGG-trp C CUU-leu CCU-pro CAU-his CGU-arg CUC-leu CCC-pro CAC-his CGC-arg CUA-leu CCA-pro CAA-gin CGA-arg CUG-leu CCG-pro CAG-gin CGG-arg A AUU-ile ACU-thr AAU-asn AGU-ser AUC-ile ACC-thr AAC-asn AGC-ser AUA-ile ACA-thr AAA-lys AGA-arg AUG-met ACG-thr AAG-lys AGG-arg G GUU-val GCU-ala GAU-asp GGU-gly GUC-val GCC-ala GAC-asp GGC-gly GUA-val GCA-ala GAA-glu GGA-gly GUG-val GCG-ala GAG-glu GGG-gly GGU AUC GCA The three amino acids, coded here, are assembled during translation. What are the three amino acids, in order of formation?

glycine, isoleucine, alanine

According to the cell theory, where do cells come from?

cells can only come from other, pre-existing cells

DNA is typically found in cells in the form of a very long strand that is coiled many times and contains thousands or millions of nitrogen bases. Which term best describes this very long molecule of DNA?

chromosome

On a strand of the mRNA the bases are read in groups of three. What is the correct term for a group of three bases on the strand of mRNA?

codon

U C A G U UUU-phe UCU-ser UAU-tyr UGU-cys UUC-phe UCC-ser UAC-tyr UGC-cys UUA-leu UCA-ser UAA-STOP UGA-STOP UUG-leu UCG-ser UAG-STOP UGG-trp C CUU-leu CCU-pro CAU-his CGU-arg CUC-leu CCC-pro CAC-his CGC-arg CUA-leu CCA-pro CAA-gin CGA-arg CUG-leu CCG-pro CAG-gin CGG-arg A AUU-ile ACU-thr AAU-asn AGU-ser AUC-ile ACC-thr AAC-asn AGC-ser AUA-ile ACA-thr AAA-lys AGA-arg AUG-met ACG-thr AAG-lys AGG-arg G GUU-val GCU-ala GAU-asp GGU-gly GUC-val GCC-ala GAC-asp GGC-gly GUA-val GCA-ala GAA-glu GGA-gly GUG-val GCG-ala GAG-glu GGG-gly The chart matches messenger RNA codons with amino acids. A DNA has the codon AAT. According to the chart, the corresponding messenger RNA codes for which amino acid?

leucine

Which type of RNA carries a genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

mRNA

Which type of RNA is NOT involved in the translation process shown in the image?

messenger

ultra violet radiation X-rays nitrous acid viruses fugal-infected peanuts All of the substances are ____, which cause inheritable changes in genetic material.

mutagens

Changes in a DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as

mutations

Changes in the DNA sequence that affects the expression of genetic information are called

mutations

During the replication process, polymerase proofreads the DNA molecule so that few mistakes or ___ occur.

mutations

Assume that the growing polypeptide chain of amino acids being produced represents an enzyme humans use to help digest starch. The original blueprint for the production of this enzyme can be found, most specifically, in the

nuclei of gland cells.

The sequence of ___ in a DNA molecule determines the protein that will be produced.

nucleotides

Central dogma includes the following: The DNA codes for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) during transcription. In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is processed and migrates from the _________ to the _________. Messenger RNA carries coded information to the __________. where this information is translated and used i for protein synthesis. Fill in the blanks within the text.

nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome

mRNA is released from the ___ into the cytoplasm where the ____, the organelle responsible for assembling proteins, are located.

nucleus, ribosomes

The substitution, addition, or removal of a single nucleotide in DNA is called a(n) ____ mutation.

point

DNA Copies: GTC CAT AGG CAG GTA TCC -> GTC CAT AGC* CAG GTA TCG* ->GTC CAT AGG CAG GTA TCC The diagram displays the copying of a DNA sequence from a gene before and after the copy is made. The * represents an error that was made. Identify what this error is called.

point mutation

The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the process of ___. in which the information from DNA is transcribed and translated, resulting in amino acids being joined into polypeptides.

protein synthesis

The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the process of protein synthesis, in which the information from DNA is transcribed and translated, resulting in multiple amino acids being joined to form ___.

proteins

Which statement below BEST summarizes the role of the DNA molecule in cells?

provides the instructions for making proteins

The illustration shows the process of making a protein molecule. The site of protein synthesis in a cell is the ____.

ribosome

A ____ is a segment of a chromosome that codes for a specific protein.

gene

A segment of DNA that codes for the ability to make one type of protein molecule is known as a(n) ____.

gene

Radiation Chemical Agents Viruses These may all cause

genetic mutations

What type of RNA acts like a delivery truck, delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis, and then leaves empty again, to go collect amino acid?

Transfer RNA

In humans, insulin is manufactured in the pancreas. Insulin is a peptide hormone that causes the body's cells to take up glucose. The blueprint for the polypeptide chain that is insulin is found in the ___ of specialized pancreatic cells.

DNA

In the drawing, the gene is located at a specific site on a(n) ____ strand.

DNA

The molecular sequence, or blueprint for a protein, is originally carried by which molecule?

DNA

Translation and protein synthesis is taking place at the ribosome in this illustration. Where did the original instructions for this process originate?

DNA in nucleus

Identify the correct sequence of molecules, as a gene goes fro, coded information in the nucleus, to the product the cell wants to make.

DNA->messenger RNA->transfer RNA->protein

The instructions for making proteins come originally from

DNA.

U C A G U UUU-phe UCU-ser UAU-tyr UGU-cys UUC-phe UCC-ser UAC-tyr UGC-cys UUA-leu UCA-ser UAA-STOP UGA-STOP UUG-leu UCG-ser UAG-STOP UGG-trp C CUU-leu CCU-pro CAU-his CGU-arg CUC-leu CCC-pro CAC-his CGC-arg CUA-leu CCA-pro CAA-gin CGA-arg CUG-leu CCG-pro CAG-gin CGG-arg A AUU-ile ACU-thr AAU-asn AGU-ser AUC-ile ACC-thr AAC-asn AGC-ser AUA-ile ACA-thr AAA-lys AGA-arg AUG-met ACG-thr AAG-lys AGG-arg G GUU-val GCU-ala GAU-asp GGU-gly GUC-val GCC-ala GAC-asp GGC-gly GUA-val GCA-ala GAA-glu GGA-gly GUG-val GCG-ala GAG-glu GGG-gly The codon chart shown here uses the three base sequence found on the mRNA molecule after the information is copied from DNA during transcription. If the mRNA message is AAC UAC UGC, what was the original DNA base sequence?

TTG ATG ACG

The graph represents the distance a car travels over time while on the highway. Which statement about the car's trip is accurate?

The car travels at a constant velocity.

The graph shown above is from one of the most well-known and on-going ecological studies ever performed. Isle Royal National Park, an island on Lake Superior, keeps data of populations of wolves and moose living there. The moose are a major food source for the wolves. Based on the graph, how does the moose population affect the population of wolves?

The wolf carrying-capacity rises as moose populations increase, but with a delayed effect.

U C A G U UUU-phe UCU-ser UAU-tyr UGU-cys UUC-phe UCC-ser UAC-tyr UGC-cys UUA-leu UCA-ser UAA-STOP UGA-STOP UUG-leu UCG-ser UAG-STOP UGG-trp C CUU-leu CCU-pro CAU-his CGU-arg CUC-leu CCC-pro CAC-his CGC-arg CUA-leu CCA-pro CAA-gin CGA-arg CUG-leu CCG-pro CAG-gin CGG-arg A AUU-ile ACU-thr AAU-asn AGU-ser AUC-ile ACC-thr AAC-asn AGC-ser AUA-ile ACA-thr AAA-lys AGA-arg AUG-met ACG-thr AAG-lys AGG-arg G GUU-val GCU-ala GAU-asp GGU-gly GUC-val GCC-ala GAC-asp GGC-gly GUA-val GCA-ala GAA-glu GGA-gly GUG-val GCG-ala GAG-glu GGG-gly Which sequence of amino acids corresponds with the RNA strand UCG GGG CAC?

serine glycine histidine

U C A G U UUU-phe UCU-ser UAU-tyr UGU-cys UUC-phe UCC-ser UAC-tyr UGC-cys UUA-leu UCA-ser UAA-STOP UGA-STOP UUG-leu UCG-ser UAG-STOP UGG-trp C CUU-leu CCU-pro CAU-his CGU-arg CUC-leu CCC-pro CAC-his CGC-arg CUA-leu CCA-pro CAA-gin CGA-arg CUG-leu CCG-pro CAG-gin CGG-arg A AUU-ile ACU-thr AAU-asn AGU-ser AUC-ile ACC-thr AAC-asn AGC-ser AUA-ile ACA-thr AAA-lys AGA-arg AUG-met ACG-thr AAG-lys AGG-arg G GUU-val GCU-ala GAU-asp GGU-gly GUC-val GCC-ala GAC-asp GGC-gly GUA-val GCA-ala GAA-glu GGA-gly GUG-val GCG-ala GAG-glu GGG-gly A section of DNA is transcribed to produce a strand of mRNA. The original DNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases: ATG GCC CAA TCG TGA Due to a point mutation, transcription results in the mRNA sequence of: UAC CGG GUU AGU ACU Transcription in this case will result in

the correct sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.

U C A G U UUU-phe UCU-ser UAU-tyr UGU-cys UUC-phe UCC-ser UAC-tyr UGC-cys UUA-leu UCA-ser UAA-STOP UGA-STOP UUG-leu UCG-ser UAG-STOP UGG-trp C CUU-leu CCU-pro CAU-his CGU-arg CUC-leu CCC-pro CAC-his CGC-arg CUA-leu CCA-pro CAA-gin CGA-arg CUG-leu CCG-pro CAG-gin CGG-arg A AUU-ile ACU-thr AAU-asn AGU-ser AUC-ile ACC-thr AAC-asn AGC-ser AUA-ile ACA-thr AAA-lys AGA-arg AUG-met ACG-thr AAG-lys AGG-arg G GUU-val GCU-ala GAU-asp GGU-gly GUC-val GCC-ala GAC-asp GGC-gly GUA-val GCA-ala GAA-glu GGA-gly GUG-val GCG-ala GAG-glu GGG-gly If the RNA molecule in a human has the nucleotide sequence of GGU, this would indicate that the amino acid valine would be needed to make the protein. How would this change if this process was occurring in a mushroom?

there would be no change; GUU always codes for valine

Messenger RNA carries a(n) ___ of the DNA's instructions out of the nucleus to the ____.

transcript; ribosome

During the process of ____, the genetic message from DNA is transformed into mRNA.

transcription

All organisms undergo protein synthesis. The first step of protein synthesis, in which a DNA strand is used to make a complementary mRNA strand, is called

transcription.

During ____, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

translation

Gene expression in all organisms depends on protein synthesis. What is the last stage in protein synthesis, in which amino acids are assembled by tRNA?

translation