Drivers ed

Women do not process alcohol as well as men.

Women's bodies also produce less alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme which breaks down alcohol.

If you use a computer, learn to access online driving directions and map websites. These sites can provide detailed directions from your starting point to your final destination.

You can also take print-outs of the directions and keep them in the car for reference. Never read directions or maps while driving.

Vibrations, unusual noises from your wheels, and the vehicle pulling or swerving when stopping or turning all indicate possible problems in your suspension system, steering system, brake system, and/or wheels and tires. These problems are largely avoided by inspection and repair at regular intervals.

You should also check for fluid leaks from your shocks and/or struts. If fluid is leaking, you should have them replaced.

Pedestrians must always obey traffic signals whether it is an electronic pedestrian signal (e.g. upraised hand, walking person, etc.) or a traffic light.

You will often see workers with flags guiding traffic in construction zones and you must follow their directions. These flaggers will be wearing orange clothing and using red flags to slow vehicles or direct them through work zones.

Marijuana is the second most common drug found in the bodies of collision victims (alcohol being the first).

Young people may start smoking marijuana for a number of reasons. Teens often start using because it is easy to get, cheap, or used by other family members

The steering wheel

located directly in front of the driver's seat. Turning the steering wheel transmits force, which turns the wheels to determine the direction of travel. Whichever way you turn the steering wheel, left or right, is the direction your car will travel.

Depreciation

the amount of value your car loses as it ages, is a significant cost in owning a vehicle. Depreciation is particularly high during the period immediately after buying a new car and for the next few years. After that, the rate of depreciation will plateau and your car's resale value becomes more dependent on its condition, mileage and specifications.

Periodic lubrication and oil changes matching manufacturer's recommendations extend the life of your vehicle, allow you to avoid costly repairs, and prevent dangerous breakdowns.

Components that require oil/fluid inspection and changes are: engine, transmission, power steering and brakes.

If one person will be doing all of the driving, six to eight hours driving in any one day should be considered the limit. When two or more persons can share the driving, the total driving time should not exceed 10 to 11 hours. Be aware that people often tire between 1 and 5 p.m., and plan to take a break during that period.

If crossing a desert area, plan to do so in the cooler morning hours.

STOPPING QUICKLY

In order to stop, you have to use your brakes effectively. Most new vehicles have ABS (Antilock Braking Systems). Be sure to read the vehicle owner's manual on how to use the ABS. The ABS system will allow you to stop without skidding.

Teens who drink are also more likely to engage in violence against others. In addition to criminal penalties, there may be fines and increased insurance rates for teens in possession of alcohol. If you are under 18, you can be sued for acts committed while drinking, such as vandalism, physical assault, and date rape.

Property damage may not be covered by insurance if alcohol is involved. Your parents are liable for any underage drinking that takes place at their residence.

Be sure your vehicle always has at least a half tank of gas before starting any trip of significant length.

Running out of gas on the roadway can be dangerous and could cause traffic jams or collisions. It is important to keep an eye on the fuel level gauge while driving.

Battery

The battery powers important electrical systems in your car and is essential for reliable starting, especially in cold weather. Typically, a car battery lasts for about five years.

Ignitions usually have three positions or "notches," which serve different purposes. You turn your key clockwise to go to a higher position, and counter-clockwise to deactivate it.

The first position, which is closest to you, is the off position. The second position causes the dashboard instruments to activate. The final position starts your engine.

Here's how to use a penny for quick reference: Insert the penny into the tread groove with Lincoln's face showing.

The head should be pointing towards the tire. If you are able to see all of Lincoln's head while looking from the side of the tire, the tread is not sufficient. The tire needs replacement.

Servicing Your Brakes

The most common type of service required for disk brakes is changing the pads. Disc brake pads usually have a piece of metal on them called a wear indicator.

Marijuana

The most widely used illegal drug and hallucinogen in the U.S. is marijuana. This non-synthetic drug resembles green or brown dried parsley with stems or seeds. A stronger form of marijuana called hashish (hash) looks like brown or black cakes or balls. Marijuana is typically smoked in cigarettes (joints), hollowed-out cigars (blunts), pipes (bowls), or water pipes (bongs). Some people mix it into foods or brew it as a tea. Marijuana users can become psychologically dependent upon its use to feel good, deal with life, or handle stress.

A large truck will take longer to stop than a car traveling at the same speed. Don't pull in front of a large truck and suddenly slow down or stop.

The trucker will not be able to stop quickly enough to avoid colliding into you.

Just like drivers of automobiles, motorcyclists should follow the rules of defensive driving.

There are also additional rules specific to motorcycles that can make for a safer and more pleasant experience.

Florida follows a Zero Tolerance law

This means if any driver who is under the age of 21 is stopped by a law enforcement officer and shown to have a BAL of .02 or greater, he or she will have his or her driving privilege suspended for six months. If the BAL is higher than .05, the driver will be required to take a substance abuse course. If the driver has a BAL over the legal limit of .08, he or she can be convicted for driving under the influence (DUI).

Some drugs that fall under the category of downers are:

. Barbiturates . Tranquilizers . Alcohol . Some antihistamines

The penalties for a first-time DUI charge include the following:

. Fine—With a BAL of .08 or higher the fine may range from $250-$500. If there is a minor in the vehicle, the fine jumps to $500-$1000. . Community Service—50 hours . Probation—Not more than one year. . Revocation of License—A 180 day minimum . Imprisonment—No more than six months. If there is a BAL of .20 or higher or a minor in the vehicle, no more than nine months. . DUI School—12 hours . DUI School Requirement—There will be an evaluation to diagnose if there is a need for treatment. . Ignition Interlock Device—Up to six months.

Here are some guidelines to help you adjust speed:

. Go 5 to 10 mph slower on a wet road. . Cut your speed in half on packed snow. . Slow to a crawl on ice.

While on the trip, you should:

. Watch gauges for signs of trouble. . Use your senses to check for problems (look, listen, smell, feel). . Check critical items when you stop, for example: tires, wheels and rims, brakes, lights and reflectors, etc.

Points for Moving Violations

1. Moving violation (includes driving during restricted hours)—3 points 2. Moving violation resulting in a collision—4 points 3. Reckless driving—4 points 4. Improper lane change—3 points 5. Leaving the scene of an accident with more than $50 worth of property damage—6 points 6. Passing a stopped school bus—4 points 7. Ignoring a traffic control device —4 points 8. Having an open container of alcohol—3 points 9. Child restraint violation—3 points 10. All other moving violations—3 points

In attempting to avoid a collision, drivers have three options:

1. Stop 2. Turn (or steer away) 3. Speed up

The basic fees for licensing vary according to the type of license required. Currently, these fees are:

1.Commercial drivers license—$75 2.First Florida license or original learners license—$48 3.Class E License renewal or learners license renewal—$48 4.Replacement license in case of loss—$25 (no charge if stolen and police report filed) 5.Other fees may apply. Contact your local DHSMV branch office for more information.

Operator's License Restrictions:

1.If a driver is 16 years old, he or she may only drive between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m., unless accompanied by a licensed driver who is at least 21 years old who is in the front passenger seat, or if traveling for work. 2.If a driver is 17 years old, he or she may drive between 5 a.m. and 1 a.m., unless accompanied by a licensed driver who is at least 21 years old who is in the front passenger seat, or if traveling for work.

THE DRIVING TEST: The first aspect of the road test is the vehicle inspection. Your car will be inspected to make sure it is suitable for a road test. You must provide a vehicle with a valid registration to be used during the testing. You will also be required to do the following:

1.Provide proof of personal injury insurance coverage. 2.You must be accompanied by a licensed driver at the time of the exam if you do not have a license yourself. However, no person may accompany you and the examiner during the actual driving test.

Students with a Learners License may not receive a motorcycle endorsement and must operate within the following restrictions:

1.The license holder can only drive in daylight during the first three months of his or her licensing period. 2.He or she must be accompanied by a driver who a) holds a valid license, b) is 21 years old or older, and c) remains in the front passenger seat. After the initial three month period, the student may drive between 6 a.m. until 10 p.m. (same conditions of accompaniment apply).

FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY LAW:

According to the Financial Responsibility Law, the state of Florida requires owners and operators of motor vehicles to submit proof of financial responsibility in the event of a collision. A driver must have liability insurance (sometimes called mandatory insurance) on any vehicle that he/she owns or drives. Motorcycles must also be insured. By law, insurance coverage must provide the following minimum coverage: . $10,000 Bodily Injury Liability to one person . $20,000 Bodily Injury Liability to two or more persons . $10,000 Property Damage Liability . $30,000 combined single limits

Pedestrians using guide dogs or white canes (with or without a red tip) must be given the right-of-way at all times. These pedestrians are partially or totally blind, so be especially careful to look for them.

Also, you must come to a complete stop when a pedestrian guided by a dog or carrying a white cane is crossing a street or highway.

On top of court penalties and other fees, the price of insurance greatly increases with a DUI conviction on a driver's record.

Also, your insurance policy may be canceled at the end of the term because of your DUI conviction, especially if you are currently in a preferred class.

Prepare yourself when you see a truck approaching you. When a truck passes you, it can create wind gusts that can push you off the road or out of your lane.

Always keep both hands on the steering wheel when passing or being passed by trucks.

Plan your trip, no matter the distance. Planning reduces driving distance and stress. Certain checks and preparations should always be made before driving, no matter how short the trip. Your vehicle condition is important. Don't take any chances.

Always take a look under the hood and around the vehicle. Check the tire condition, vehicle lights, and fuel gauge. Make sure that you have enough fuel in your vehicle before leaving and that you have driving directions for your destination. It's always a good idea to have an alternate route in mind, in case your planned route is closed or redirected.

The second thing you can do to save money is drive slower. Fast driving requires more fuel to get you the same distance. Obey speed limits and you will save fuel and reduce the risk to others.

Another thing you can do is anticipate when you need to stop. Quick braking excessively wears your brakes and tires. Look ahead while you are driving so you can anticipate stops. Practice stopping smoothly and gently.

You should also check for coolant leaks, cracks and deterioration in hoses and belts, and noises and leaks from your water pump. You should replace hoses and belts periodically (once every three years).

Be aware of abrupt changes or trends in your engine temperature as indicated by the temperature gauge. These changes are a sign that a problem may be developing.

Preparing for an extended trip of several days, some of which may include high speed highway driving, requires extra preparation and planning

Be sure to start your trip well rested. A drowsy driver can be as dangerous as a drunk one.

Tires should have good tread and not be dried out and/or cracked. Check if tires are properly inflated. Rims and spokes should be in good condition, tightly fastened to the motorcycle, and not cracked.

Check the brakes, clutch, and associated controls and cables. Adjust the brakes so that they completely stop the wheel from turning when fully applied.

Engine Oil Level Dipstick

Determine the amount of motor oil in your car by checking the oil level at the bottom of the dipstick. In older engines, the oil level may need to be checked every few hundred miles.

Never start across a railroad crossing if there isn't room for your vehicle on the other side of the tracks. Don't proceed until you can see clearly in both directions whether a train is approaching.

Do not go around or under any closed railroad gate. It's illegal and deadly. Wait for the gates to rise. Cross only when it is safe.

For drivers under the age of 19, there will be an evaluation to diagnose if there is a need for treatment.

If a driver under the age of 21 refuses to take a test to determine BAL, his or her driving privilege will be automatically suspended for one year.

Battery Charge Warning

If this light stays on after you've started your car or comes on while driving, there could be a problem with the battery or the charging system. Bring your car to a mechanic.

Road conditions that are minor annoyances to other vehicles can pose major hazards to motorcyclists. Potholes, gravel, wet or slippery surfaces, pavement seams, railroad crossings, and grooved pavement can make it necessary for motorcyclists to change speed or direction suddenly. Strong winds can cause a motorcyclist to fall off.

If you are aware of these potential hazards and drive with care and attention, you can help reduce motorcycle collisions, injuries, and fatalities.

According to the NHTSA, there are 205.5 million licensed drivers in the United States. Young drivers, between 15 and 20 years old, accounted for 6.4% (13.2 million) of the total.

In 2008, 12% (5,864) of all drivers involved in fatal collisions (50,186) were young drivers 15 to 20 years old. 292 young drivers with a BAL 0.01-0.07 (or 5% of all fatalities for the 15 to 20 age group) were involved in fatal collisions.

A truck's blind spots are called NO ZONES. A No Zone is the area around the truck where your car is no longer visible or where you are so close that the truck can't stop or maneuver safely.

In both cases, when you are in a No Zone, you are in much greater danger of getting into a collision.

The gearshift

It is either a lever protruding from the right side of the steering column or a lever on the floor to the right of the driver. The gearshift changes gears to maintain proper speed. It immobilizes the power train when parked.

Your car is equipped with turn signal lights on its four corners.

On your dashboard, these turn signals usually appear as green arrows pointing in the direction of the intended turn.

26,000 people die every year from drugs.

Small amounts of illegal drugs can be fatal.

What are the risks involved?

Teens who drink are at higher risk for date rape, pregnancy, HIV and other STDs, assault, drowning, alcohol poisoning, alcohol dependency, DUI-related injury and death (yours and/or others). This has nothing to do with "good" or "bad" or what kind of person you are. When you and others are drinking, you can become careless, and it's all downhill from there.

Children can be at risk if left unattended or unsupervised in a car, especially if the car is running.

The interior of a car can heat up to dangerously high temperatures. Conditions like this can cause injury or even death.

Fuel Gauge

This gauge indicates the amount of fuel in your car. Your fuel tank should always be at least 25% full. When the tank is almost empty, the low fuel light will come on and a ringer may chime.

Recommended tire pressures are for cold tires (check pressure before driving). Look for your tires' recommended air pressure in the car owner's manual, inside the driver's side car door, or glove compartment.

Tire gauges are available at most auto parts stores and come in three types: pen, digital, and dial. Dial gauges are considered easier to read than pen or stick designs.

Next, turn off the headlights and turn on your four-way hazard lights. Then, check all four corners again. Most cars use the same bulbs for turn signals and hazard lights, so you can now also consider your turn signal bulbs checked.

To be sure the turn signal light is working properly; turn the ignition to the "on" position without starting the engine. Check each turn signal (in the front and the rear) once more.

Air bags are passive restraints. They are stored in the steering wheel or dashboard and inflate during a serious crash, usually a front collision that occurs at over 10 mph.

To do its important job, an air bag comes out of the dashboard at up to 200 mph. This is faster than the blink of an eye. They take about 10 inches of space to inflate. The force of an air bag can hurt those who are too close to it.

Allow for sluggish handling when carrying a passenger.

When a motorcyclist carries a passenger, the handling of the motorcycle changes. With twice the load, the motorcycle requires more time to accelerate, slow down and do other maneuvers, so it is important to drive accordingly.

If parking at a straight-in parking space, your vehicle should be at the center of the space with no portion protruding into traffic.

When exiting the parking space, check to make sure the road is clear, use your turn signal to indicate your intentions, and yield to any other traffic.

Battery Low Warning Light:

When this light goes on or the battery gauge reads LOW, the power needed for your car starter is limited.

Turn Signal Arrow

When you activate a turn signal, the corresponding turn signal arrow will begin to blink. Both lights will blink when your emergency flashers are on

For all turning vehicles, the rear wheels follow a shorter path than the front wheels. The longer the vehicle, the greater the difference. This is why truck drivers must often swing wide to complete a right turn.

When you follow a truck, look at its turn signals before you start to pass. If you think it's turning left, wait a second and check the turn signals again. The driver may actually be turning right.

You must obey any traffic direction, order, or signal made by a traffic director, police officer, or firefighter. In an emergency or special situation, obey any order even if it conflicts with existing signs, signals, or laws.

You must obey instructions from school crossing guards and signal persons at road construction sites. For the crossing guard's safety, allow him or her to get safely to the side of the road before driving ahead.

You must stop for a school bus stopped on either side of the road. This is an indication that children will be getting off or on the bus.

You must stop for their safety and remain stopped till the bus signal is turned off. Passing a stopped bus is a serious offense.

If you are traveling on the interstate or other highway with two or more lanes and an emergency vehicle with flashing emergency lights is approaching, leave the lane closest to the vehicle as soon as it is safe.

You should pull over unless a law enforcement officer tells you otherwise. Emergency vehicles include wrecking trucks with flashing amber lights removing hazards from the roadway.

If you participate in any of the violations previously mentioned and you do not have sufficient coverage to comply with the Financial Responsibility Law, your drivers license and/or license plates will be suspended for up to three years. In addition, a $15 reinstatement fee will be charged.

You will also be required to show certified proof of full liability insurance (using Form SR-22) for three years from the original suspension date if you wish to be able to drive again. In addition, if you are the driver or the owner of a vehicle and at fault in a collision, you may be required to pay for the damages before your driving privilege is restored.

NO-FAULT LAW:

You will not be able to purchase a license plate or register a vehicle without the appropriate insurance coverage. According to the No-Fault law, an owner of any vehicle with more than four wheels that has been in Florida for at least 90 days during the past year must buy an insurance policy for the state of Florida. The policy must have a minimum coverage amount of $10,000 for personal injury protection and $10,000 for property damage liability. The exceptions to this rule are owners of taxis and limousines.

The accelerator

the far-right pedal located on the floor under the steering wheel. This pedal controls the amount of gas being fed to the engine, which determines the speed of the vehicle. With your heel resting on the ground, use your right foot to push the accelerator. Do not rev the engine. Push the accelerator gradually while your car speeds up.

It is extremely dangerous to cut off a truck in traffic or on the highway. Whether you are trying to reach your exit, turn, or beat a truck to a single-lane construction zone,

the safest thing to do is slow down and wait your turn. It only takes a few extra seconds and could prevent a collision.

Some common stimulants are:

• Amphetamines • Cocaine • Caffeine • Pep pills • Diet pills Stimulants can be extremely dangerous drugs. Abuse of these substances can cause paranoia, convulsions, nervousness, coma, and in some cases death.

Some rules for parking on a public road:

◦Always stop in a legal, secure parking space. ◦Maneuver as far away from traffic as you can, pulling to the shoulder of the road or close to the curb. ◦Always park on the right side (except when on a one-way street) not more than a foot away from the curb. ◦Set the parking brake. ◦Put the car gear in park for automatic transmission or in reverse for manual transmission. ◦Turn off the ignition and remove your keys (Florida law states that you must do this) before exiting and locking the car. ◦Before you open the car door and leave, make sure the road is clear and you are not in danger of being hit by traffic.

Reducing risk in the acceleration lane:

◦Search ahead for a gap on the expressway ◦Prepare to adjust speed ◦Pull ahead onto the shoulder if no merge area is available

Motor-driven cycles and motor scooters with 150 cubic centimeter displacement or less are not allowed on expressways.

(Other traffic not allowed on expressways include: pedestrians, bicycles, and animal-drawn vehicles.)

According to the Florida Driver Handbook, the Financial Responsibility Law requires drivers and owners of the vehicle to have bodily injury liability insurance at the time of the following cases:

. A collision where you are at fault and somebody is injured. . A license suspension for too many points on your driving record. . A citation for driving under the influence, resulting in drivers license revocation. . A revocation for habitual traffic offenses. . A revocation for any serious offense as defined by DHSMV.

Flashing red lights at a railroad crossing mean STOP! You must stop before the tracks when:

. A person or signal warns that a train is coming. . You see a train coming. . You hear the horn or bell of a train.

The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles lists the following requirements for lighting on vehicles:

. All vehicles must have at least one white light in front that is visible from at least 1,000 ft away. . All vehicles must have two red lights at the rear that are visible from at least 1,000 ft away, or one red light at the rear visible from 1,000 ft and two red reflectors visible from 600 to 1,000 ft.

To avoid being rear-ended by another vehicle, you should:

. Always signal when you change direction. Signal even when you don't see any cars around. A car you don't see might hit you. . Signal early for turns, stops or lane changes. . Always signal before pulling next to (or away from) the curb. . Even though you signal, do not assume that the space you wish to occupy is clear. Look in your mirrors and over your shoulder to check your blind spot before making a lane change.

Any pedestrian or person driving a vehicle and approaching a railroad-highway grade crossing must stop no less than 15 ft (but not more than 50 ft) from the nearest rail of the railroad in the following cases:

. An approaching train is visible and close to the railroad-highway grade crossing . The electrical or mechanical warning signs are flashing . The crossing gate is in a lowered position . An operator is using flags to warn of an approaching train

exceptions to the seat belt law are:

. Any person certified by a physician as having a medical condition that makes seat belt use inappropriate or dangerous . Drivers delivering newspapers . School buses . Buses used for transportation of persons for compensation . Farm equipment . Trucks with a net weight of more than 26,000 pounds . Motorcycle, moped, or bicycle operators

STOPPING QUICKLY: In case you have a conventional braking system:

. Apply the brakes as hard as you can without locking them. The vehicle can go into a skid if you brake too hard. . If the brakes lock-up, you will feel the vehicle start to skid. Quickly let up on the brake pedal. . As soon as the vehicle stops skidding, push down on the brake pedal again. Keep doing this until the vehicle has stopped. . In case of brake failure, pump the brake pedal quickly. After three or four pumps, you will know if the brakes are going to hold. This action may build up enough brake pressure to steer the vehicle off the highway and stop safely.

Moped riders have the same rights and responsibilities on public roadways as automobile drivers and will receive citations for the same violations. The following laws apply to moped riders/owners. Moped riders/owners:

. Are required to have the minimum of a Class E license (motorcycle endorsement is not needed). . Must be 16 years of age or older to operate a moped on a public road. . Must register and purchase a tag for the moped on an annual basis. . Must not operate mopeds on bicycle or foot paths. Are not expected to carry No-Fault injury insurance.

In case your vehicle begins to skid, do the following:

. Avoid using the brakes if possible. . If you are in danger of hitting something, pump the brakes gently. . Steer the vehicle into the direction of the skid. This will help straighten the vehicle and help you gain control. . Steer the vehicle back towards the direction you intend to move in.

IF YOUR TIRE SUDDENLY BLOWS OUT:

. Avoid using the brakes. . Focus your steering to avoid hazards. . Attempt to slow the car gradually. . Once the car is under your control, brake softly. . As you slow down, pull the car off the road.

The following are some common "excuses" for taking drugs:

. Boredom . Being social . Wanting to "enhance" an experience . Celebrations . Someone else you know tried it and nothing happened to them.

If you are attempting to pass a truck in a level, legal passing zone use the following method:

. Check the area around the front and rear of your vehicle. You may move into the next lane if space is available. You can let the truck driver know your intention to pass by flashing the headlights on your car. . Trucks often move much slower on an upgrade. For this reason, it should be easier to pass a truck on an upgrade than it is to pass a car. However, trucks traveling on a downgrade move faster. In this situation, you should increase your speed (at a safe rate) to pass. . Finish the pass as quickly as possible at a safe speed. If the driver flashes the lights of the truck, this is a signal meaning that it's safe to pull back into the lane. It is safe to move back in when you can see the front of the truck in your rearview mirror.

Any time you come to a place where people may cross or enter your path, you should look to the sides to make sure no one is coming. THIS INCLUDES:

. Cross streets, side streets, and alleys . Crosswalks and railroad crossings . Expressway entrances . Driveways, shopping center entrances, etc.

Here are some critical points both drivers and cyclists should remember:

. Cyclists must ride in the same direction as other traffic, not against it. They should ride on the roadway, not on the sidewalk. . Cyclists should ride in a straight line as near to the right curb or edge of the roadway as practical. . Drivers must be careful when close to cyclists, and should allow a minimum of three feet of space between a vehicle and bicycle when passing. . Drivers of vehicles should reduce their speed if the roadway is narrow. . When parallel parking, drivers should check for bicyclists before opening the door. . At night, drivers should avoid using high-beams to prevent blinding a cyclist. . Maintain a safe distance. The cyclist may have to stop suddenly, and you will not be able to avoid a collision without space.

TURNING QUICKLY How to turn quickly and safely:

. Do not apply the brake while you are turning. It's very easy to lock your wheels while turning. If that happens, you may skid out of control. . Do not turn any more than needed to clear whatever is in your way. The sharper the turn, the greater the chances of a skid or rollover. . Be prepared to "counter-steer," that is, to turn the wheel back in the other direction, once you've passed the obstacle.

To help avoid skidding on slippery surfaces, you should::

. Drive slowly and stay farther behind the vehicle ahead. . Slow down as you approach curves and intersections. . Avoid fast turns. . Avoid quick stops. "Pump" the brakes to slow or stop. (Antilock brakes should not be pumped.) . Shift to low gear before going down a steep hill.

Air bag related injuries can be prevented by following these safety tips:

. Driver and front seat passengers should sit as far back as practical, particularly people of short stature. It is recommended that you sit at least 10 inches away from the air bag. . Everyone should wear both lap AND shoulder belts and remove any excess slack in the belt. . Children 12 and under should ride buckled up in the rear seat. . If your steering wheel is adjustable, tilt it downward. This points the air bag toward your chest instead of your head and neck. . Never place a rear-facing infant in the front seat if the air bag is turned on.

Cocaine Short term effects:

. Effects peak after 15-40 minutes before fading quickly. . Users experience a sense of well-being. This includes alertness, painlessness, and confidence. . The feelings soon pass and the user is left wanting more of the drug. . Physical effects include dry mouth, sweating, loss of appetite, and a racing pulse.

There is another difference between motorcycles and other vehicles you should consider. Motorcyclists must make a bigger adjustment in speed than other drivers when:

. Encountering a storm drain, gravel surface, or pothole . Driving on a rain slick road or through a puddle . Driving in heavy rain and/or strong wind

To use a map when you plan a trip, follow these steps:

. Find the map's legend. Pay close attention to the symbols, the map scale and all other information on the map. . Find your starting and finishing point. Decide what routes you will use to travel between them. Note the route numbers, street names and direction you will travel on each route. Pay close attention to places where you must change routes. These are important decision points. . Get to know the area around each decision point. Town names are often marked on guide signs. By knowing the towns around a decision point, you can travel through these decision points more easily. . Finally, if you are planning to use a limited access highway, use the map to find the interchange nearest your destination.

For the fourth (or higher) offense, the penalties are:

. Fine—At least $1000. . Revocation of License—Your license will be revoked permanently. . Imprisonment—No more than five years

The third offense will result in the following increased penalties:

. Fine—With a BAL of .08 or higher the fine may range from $1000-$2500. If there is a minor in the vehicle, the fine jumps to $2000-$5000. . Revocation of License—A 180 day minimum. If this third offense is within ten years of the second conviction, your license will be revoked for 10 years. . Imprisonment—No more than 12 months. If the third conviction is within ten years of jail time for the same offense, the penalty is 30 days in jail with 48 hours of consecutive confinement. . DUI School—21 hours . DUI School Requirement—There will be an evaluation given to diagnose if there is a need for treatment. . Ignition Interlock Device—A two-year minimum.

The second offense will result in steeper penalties including the following:

. Fine—With a BAL of .08 or higher the fine may range from $500-$1000. If there is a minor in the vehicle, the fine jumps to $1000-$2000. . Revocation of License—A 180 day minimum. If this second offense is within five years of the first . . . . .conviction, your license will be revoked for five years. .Imprisonment—No more than nine months. If the second conviction is within five years of the first offense, the penalty is ten days in jail with 48 hours of consecutive confinement. . DUI School—21 hours . DUI School Requirement—There will be an evaluation given to diagnose if there is a need for treatment. . Ignition Interlock Device—A one-year minimum.

Vehicles must be equipped with low-beam as well as high-beam headlights. Low-beams must be turned on when it gets dark or in any moment of low visibility due to bad weather. Your vehicle must be equipped with:

. High-beam headlights (bright lights). Objects 450 ft ahead should be visible with use. . Low-beam headlights, which must show objects 150 ft ahead. . Two red taillights mounted on the rear, which must be visible from 1000 ft. . A white light that illuminates the license plate and makes it visible from 50 ft. . Two red stop/brake lights, which should activate when the brake is pressed and be seen from 300 ft in the day.

Sometimes there will be dangers on both sides of the road. To avoid these multiple hazards:

. Identify all potential hazards early. Rate the hazards on the level of threat to your safety. . Make predictions about what might happen or go wrong. . Make adjustments in your speed and position to make sure you are safe. . Have escape routes in mind before you are faced with a dangerous situation.

According to the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles:

. Infant carriers or child car seats must be used for children 3 years of age and younger. . A separate carrier, an integrated child seat, or a seat belt may be used for children ages 4-5

Speed Control Options: Speed variance is your best option in managing space. After determining road conditions, you have the following choices for controlling your speed:

. Maintain your speed . Slow down your speed . Increase your speed . Apply the brake Used effectively and timely, these choices should provide you with the correct option to maintain a safe space cushion at all times. . Travel at a speed based upon the speed limit and environmental conditions. . If you determine that a zone is closing to your front, always reduce speed. . Avoid using any unnecessary acceleration into a closed zone. . When you see a red light or stopped traffic, reduce speed until you arrive at an open zone. . When your ability to see others (who may enter your path) is reduced, lower speed. . Use speed limit signs as a cue to check the speedometer and other vehicle gauges. . Select the best lane for the legal requirements of the road and destination. . Select a lane position that provides the best separation from potential problems.

IF THE ENGINE DIES:

. Move to the side of the road as safely as possible. The steering wheel may take more force to turn than normal. . Stop the car. You may have to push the brake pedal hard if your car has power brakes. . Restart the engine and proceed with caution.

Warning lights are provided on your car's instrument panel. They light up in case of a serious problem. There are three kinds of warning lights:

. Oil Pressure Warning Light . Temperature Warning Light . Battery Low Warning Light

Defensive driver should avoid dangers on the road by using see driving practices. Tips for defensive driving:

. Plan for the unexpected . Control your speed . Be prepared to react to other drivers . Don't expect that everyone is a defensive driver . Manage time and space . Be aware of special road and weather conditions . Be alert and avoid distractions (e.g, cell phone use, eating)

Stopping quickly with ABS:

. Press on the brake pedal as hard as you can and maintain the pressure. . You might feel the brake pedal pushing back when the ABS is working. DO NOT let up on the brake pedal. The ABS system will only work with the brake pedal pushed down firmly. NEVER PUMP ANTILOCK BRAKES.

Long term effects:

. Prolonged use can cause heart problems and chest pain while heavy use can cause convulsions. . Users often complain of feeling tired and depressed. . Long-term users can become dependent on the way cocaine makes them feel and may experience withdrawal symptoms. . Snorting the drug damages the inside of the nose. . Sometimes the damage is permanent. . Constant or frequent use can leave users restless, confused, paranoid, and sleepless. . Injecting cocain increases the risk of spreading infections such as HIV or Hepatitis B and C.

IF YOUR BRAKES SUDDENLY GIVE OUT:

. Pump the brake pedal for about three or four pumps. Doing this fast and hard will build up brake fluid pressure. NEVER PUMP ANTILOCK BRAKES. . Downshift into a lower gear. . Apply the parking brake slowly while holding down the release lever or button. This will prevent the car's wheels from locking and help prevent skidding. . You can also rub the tires against a curb to slow the car, or attempt to move off the road if there is an open space without obstacles. . You can still steer and swerve. Steer into bushes or something soft. . Sound your horn and flash your lights to warn other drivers. . When you no longer need to change direction, turn off the ignition.

With maps you can identify the following for your convenience:

. Rest areas . Toll roads and service areas . Airports . Camp ground facilities . Symbols for cities and towns of a given population . Scale of miles . Large cities

IF YOUR ACCELERATOR SUDDENLY GETS STUCK:

. Shift to neutral. . Apply the brakes. . Keep your eyes on the road. . Look for a way out. . Warn other drivers by blinking and flashing your . emergency lights. . Try to drive the car safely off the road. . Turn off the ignition when you no longer need to change direction.

IF YOUR HOOD SUDDENLY FLIES UP:

. Slow down. . Try to look under the hood to see. If you can't, put your head out the window and use the centerline or the lane marking as a guide. . Turn on the emergency flashers and safely pull off the road as soon as possible.

The best way to prolong the life of your vehicle and save on fuel is to use it as little as possible. Trip planning can make your life easier and help cut down on your driving.

. Take public transportation when it is available. . Avoid driving during heavy traffic. It causes extra wear and tear on you and the vehicle. . Use carpools or share rides whenever possible.

According to Florida's implied consent law, signing an application for a driver license signifies that you agree to take these tests. If you refuse to be tested, you will be subject to the following penalties:

. The first time you refuse to take the test, your license will be automatically suspended for one year. . If a second incident occurs where you refuse to take the test, your license will be suspended for 18 months. This is a second degree misdemeanor.

Motorcyclists should make it a habit to conduct a pre-ride inspection of the following:

. Tires . Rims and spokes . Brakes, clutches, and associated controls and cables . Gas or oil leaks . Chains . Horns, headlights, and turn signals

Before leaving on a long trip, schedule a detailed inspection of your vehicle with your mechanic. Your mechanic should especially check the following:

. Tires—check for inflation, balance, alignment, condition of tread and sidewalls. . Brakes—check for wear and/or adjustment. . Windshield wiper blades and all lights. . Engine compartment—get a tune-up if necessary and check the oil, lubrication and filters, hoses, belts, brakes, radiator and windshield wiper fluids.

IF YOUR HEADLIGHTS SUDDENLY GO OUT AT NIGHT:

. Try the dimmer switch. This will often put them on again. . Try the headlight switch a few times. If that doesn't work, put on the parking lights, hazard lights, or turn signals. . If none of these work, pull off the road as quickly as possible and leave the hazard lights on.

Give yourself extra cushion:

. When a tailgater is crowding you, allow extra room between your car and the car ahead. Then, if you need to slow down, do so gradually after checking your mirrors. You will be able to avoid braking suddenly and being hit from behind. . When your vision is blocked by poor visibility on road (e.g., fog, heavy rain). . When following or driving next to vehicles that block your view ahead (e.g. trucks, SUVs, buses). You need the extra room to see around the vehicle and to the sides. . On slippery roads. If the car ahead slows or stops, you will need more distance to stop your car. . When it rains or snows. Stopping distances increase on snowy and wet roads. . When following motorcycles. If the motorcycle falls, you'll have to avoid hitting the rider. Motorcycles fall more often on wet or icy roads, bridge gratings, railroad tracks, and on gravel. . When the speed increases and the traffic flow is fast. In such cases, you need a space of at least five seconds. . When merging on an expressway.

HOW TO SHARE THE ROAD SAFELY WITH MOTORCYCLISTS:

. When changing lanes or entering a major thoroughfare, turn to check for motorcycles, in addition to using your mirrors. Motorcycles are small and this allows them to tuck easily into blind spots. . When preparing to make a turn, make sure you check for motorcyclists and know their speed. . Motorists must not attempt to share the lane with or crowd a motorcycle. Motorcyclists are allowed to use the entire lane just like any other vehicle.

FOLLOW THESE RULES AT INTERSECTIONS -LOOK BOTH WAYS

. You should look left, right, and left again just before entering the intersection. . Look to the left first, since cars coming from the left are closer to you. . Some drivers do not obey traffic signals. . At an intersection, look left, right, and left again even if the other traffic has a red light or a stop sign. A drunk or reckless driver may not stop.

The instrument panel contains the following gauges:

. a Speedometer, which indicates speed in both miles and kilometers per hour. . a Tachometer, which indicates the engine rotation in revolutions per minute (RPMs). . an Odometer, which indicates the total number of miles your car has been driven since it was manufactured. . a Fuel gauge, which shows the fuel level in your car's fuel tank. an Oil gauge, which shows oil level.

There are four ways to obtain the proper coverage:

1) Buy your insurance policy from a company licensed to do business within the state. 2) Receive your Financial Responsibility Certificate from the Bureau of Financial Responsibility. You can do this by posting a satisfactory surety bond from a company licensed to do business in the state. 3) Receive a Financial Responsibility Certificate from the Bureau of Financial Responsibility after depositing the required amount of cash or securities. 4) Receive a Self Insurance Certificate from the Bureau of Financial Responsibility after showing proof of a net unencumbered capital.

Excessive points will lead to the following suspensions:

1. 12 points within a 12-month period—not more than a 30 day suspension 2. 18 points within an 18-month period—not more than a 3 month suspension 3. 24 points within a 36-month period—not more than a 1 year suspension

Points for Speeding

1. 15 mph or less over lawful or posted speed limit—3 points 2. 16 mph or more over lawful or posted speed—4 points 3. Speeding resulting in a collision—6 points

Here are a few ways to avoid driving while intoxicated:

1. Abstain from drinking alcohol 2. Use public transportation 3. Appoint a designated driver 4.Stay where you are until sober 5.Drink responsibly at home 6.Encourage friends to stay overnight if you think they are impaired 7.Let someone sober drive the car for you

People can drive if they hold a valid drivers license from another state or country:

1. Anyone employed by the federal government and driving a government-issued vehicle while on official business or working for a firm under contract with the federal government (there is a 60 day exemption in the latter case). 2. A non-Florida resident who is at least 16 years of age. 3. A non-Florida resident who is attending a college or university in the state. 4. Any person who drives only vehicles such as farm tractors or road construction machines for a temporary period on a highway. 5. Any non-resident migrant farm worker (even if children are enrolled in state schools). 6. A non-resident who frequently travels back and forth between his or her home state for work. 7. Any member of the armed forces or his or her dependant [unless a) he or she claims homestead exemption or b) he or she accepts non-military employment].

You should watch out for drivers that exhibit the following tendencies:

1. Driving faster than conditions allow 2. Sporadic changes in speed or slow driving in the "fast" lane 3. Driving over the curb, changing into the wrong lane, weaving, or straddling two lanes 4. Frequent and unnecessary lane changes 5. Driving over the center-line or crossing a double yellow line 6.Stopping short of a stop sign, overshooting a stop sign, running a stop sign; alternately, stopping for a green light or stopping on the road 7.Failure to signal or deceptive signaling 8.Driving at night with no lights or failing to dim bright lights 9.Risky maneuvering or showing off

Types of Air bags:

1. Frontal air bags inflate to prevent vehicle occupants from hitting the interior of the vehicle in moderate to severe head-on collisions. 2. Side air bags inflate to protect your head and/or chest when your vehicle is hit from the side. There are of three main types of side air bags: chest, head, and head/chest combination. Side air bags are designed to protect your head and/or chest in a severe side-impact collision. Unlike frontal air bags, some of the side curtain air bags may stay inflated for several seconds during a collision to provide additional protection in case your car rolls over.

If you are stopped at a traffic light or stop sign and another vehicle is approaching you from behind at a high rate of speed, do the following:

1. If possible, pull your vehicle forward in an effort to give the approaching vehicle more room to stop. 2. If the collision cannot be avoided, brace yourself between the steering wheel and the back of the seat and release your brake an instant before impact. This will help to lessen the impact.

According to the Florida Driver's Handbook, there are nine steps in making a good turn. They are listed here:

1. Make up your mind about your turn before you get to the turning point. Turn signals are required when changing lanes. Never make "last minute" turns. 2. If you must change lanes, look behind and to both sides to see where other vehicles are located before making your turn. 3. Move into the correct lane as you near the intersection. The correct lane for the right turn is the lane next to the right edge of the roadway. On a two-lane road with traffic in both directions, an approach for a left turn should be made from near the center line. 4. Signal for at least the last 100 feet before you make your turn. Let other drivers know what you are planning to do. 5. Slow down to a safe turning speed. 6. When you are slowing to make a right turn, the bicyclist you passed may be catching up to you. Search over your shoulder before turning. Yield to bicyclists and pedestrians. 7. Yield to pedestrians who may be crossing your path when turning left. Always scan for pedestrians before starting the turn. 8. Make the turn and stay in the proper lane. Yield the right-of-way to vehicles (including bicycles) coming from the opposite direction. 9. Finish your turn in the proper lane. A right turn should be from the right lane into the right lane of the roadway entered. A left turn may be completed in any lane lawfully available, or safe, for the desired direction of travel.

SOME FACTS ABOUT DRUGS AND DRIVING:

1. Most drugs taken for headaches, colds, hay fever, allergies, or stress are sedatives. They can make you drowsy and impair your driving abilities. 2. Any drug can make driving unsafe. Prescription medications used in combination with alcohol can be dangerous. 3. Drivers should always ask doctors or pharmacists how prescription medications may affect driving. 4. Many drugs have unexpected effects when combined with drinking. 5. Some drugs (pep pills, "uppers," and diet pills) may make a driver more alert for a short time. However, 6. known side effects may include nervousness, dizziness, and lack of concentration. These drugs can also impair vision. 7. Using readily available drugs like cough syrups (which usually contain alcohol) while driving can be considered driving under the influence.

The effects of marijuana:

1. Reaction time is often slower. This gives the driver less time to react to and avoid hazards. 2. Drivers often fail to recognize traffic signs, signals, and pavement markings. 3. Marijuana use introduces a passive mood. Users show increased tendency to drive at slower speeds,which can impede traffic flow. 4. Users' attention spans are limited. Concentrating on several things at once becomes more difficult. 5. The ability to sense time and distance relationships is lessened. This causes difficulty in judging adequate passing, following, and stopping distances. 6. Pupils respond to light slowly. Therefore, you will not be able to adjust properly to changes in light or darkness. Your license will be suspended for a period of one year if you are found guilty of marijuana possession.

If you are in danger of a potential head-on collision:

1. Reduce your speed and flash your headlights in an effort to warn the other driver. Using your horn may also be effective. 2. Head for the shoulder of the road, even if you must hit a fence or drive through bushes. 3. If you cannot avoid the collision, try to maneuver your vehicle in such a way as to lessen the severity of impact. Always wear your seat belts. This is the best thing you can do to protect yourself from injury in the event of a collision.

How To Check Tire Pressure

1. Remove the tire's valve cap. 2. Place the gauge over the tire's valve stem and press firmly so that no escaping air can be heard. The tire gauge will indicate how much pressure is in the tire. It is in your best interest to purchase your own high-quality pressure gauge. Gas station and convenience store gauges are sometimes damaged and inaccurate. 3. Adjust the tire's air pressure if needed. When adding air, push the air hose into the valve firmly until the air stops escaping. Check the pressure every few seconds to help judge the amount of air going into the tire until you reach the recommended air pressure. If the tire pressure is greater than it should be, use the valve on the tire gauge to press the center of the tire stem and release air. 4. Replace the valve cap.s the center of the tire stem and release air. 5. Repeat the process for the other tires. Don't forget to check the spare tire.

All drivers are required to obey posted speed limits. However, a good driver always knows when to slow down.

1. Slow down when the road is wet (rain, snow, sleet). 2. Slow down when the road is crowded. 3. Slow down when your vision is limited. You should always be able to stop within the distance that you can see ahead of your car. In darkness or bad weather, do not drive beyond your range of vision.

In Florida, there are two insurance laws:

1. The Financial Responsibility Law 2. The No-Fault Law Every driver who purchases insurance in Florida is issued an insurance ID card. You must have this card with you every time you drive in Florida. Forging or making a false statement about car insurance is a second degree misdemeanor.

Renewal of Registration or license plates must occur each year, before or on the birthday of the first listed vehicle owner (registration expire at midnight on this day). During this time, and every time you renew, you must show proof of insurance. Exemptions to this are:

1. Vehicles owned by companies and corporations and some commercial vehicles—renew yearly by June 30. 2. Mobile homes—renew yearly by December 31. 3. Truck-tractors and semi-trailers—renew yearly by December 31.

Operator's Licenses are available for drivers between the ages of 16 and 17. You must have held a Learners License for at least one year without any traffic convictions to receive this type of license. When applying for an Operator's License, you must show:

1.A Florida Learners License or a license from another jurisdiction. 2.Parent or guardian certification that you have completed at least fifty hours of behind-the-wheel drivers training, with ten hours completed at night.

SOME SECONDARY FORMS OF IDENTIFICATION: There are numerous other forms of identification that can be used in addition to the primary source of identification. These include, but are not limited to:

1.A baptism certificate that includes a date of birth and place of baptism. 2.A military ID. 3.A draft card. 4.A marriage certificate. 5.A Social Security card. 6.A state issued ID (non-drivers license).

Examples of acceptable documents to show as a primary source of identification:

1.A certified copy of a U.S. Birth Certificate or Resident Alien Card 2.A valid license from another state or the District of Columbia 3.U.S. Certificate or Report of Birth Abroad 4.Proof of Indian Blood Degree, American Indian Card 4.A U.S. Passport 5.U.S. Armed Forces ID Cards 6.Certificate of Naturalization, Certificate of Citizenship 7.An alien registration receipt (green card), employment authorization card, a proof of nonimmigrant classification, or order of an immigration judge/officer that allows and you to live and work in the United States.

When you drink your vision will be affected—whether you are looking straight ahead, attempting to drive in the dark, or sensing objects to the side. This is because alcohol slows the eye's

1.Pupil movement. 2.Rapid eye movement, 3.And focus ability.

The Florida Driver's Handbook gives the following tips for passing other vehicles on a roadway.

1.Stay a safe distance behind the vehicle you want to pass. The closer you get to the vehicle you want to pass, the less you can see ahead. This is especially true when passing trucks, trailers, and other large vehicles. 2.Before you pull out to pass, check your blind spots and make sure that you have plenty of time and room to pass. 3.On a two-lane road, tap your horn, or at night flash your headlights to let the other driver know you are passing. 4.Give your signal before you move into the left lane. 5.Do not return to the right side of the road until you can see both headlights of the vehicle you passed in your rearview mirror. 6.You must return to the right side of the road before coming within 200 ft of any vehicle coming from the opposite direction.

The following requirements must also be met before a Learners License can be granted:

1.The applicant must be 15 years old or older (and attending school if under 18). 2.There must be a consent form with a notarized signature of a parent or guardian (signing in the presence of the examiner is allowed) if the applicant is under 18 years old (stepparents may not sign unless the applicant is legally adopted by the stepparent). 3.He or she must pass a vision test as well as a road rules/ road signs exam. 4.He or she must present two forms of identification as well as a Social Security number. 5.The applicant must have also completed a Traffic Law and Substance Abuse education course.

There are two kinds of intersections: open intersections and controlled intersections. Open Intersections: Open intersections do not have traffic control signs or signals. When a driver approaches this type of intersection, he or she must yield the right-of-way if:

1.The driver intends to make a left turn and a vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction. 2.A vehicle is already in the intersection. 3.The driver intends to enter or cross a state highway from a secondary road. 4.The driver is entering a paved road from an unpaved road. When two vehicles reach an open intersection at the same time, the vehicle on the left must yield to the vehicle on the right.

During the test, you will be expected to complete the following maneuvers:

1.Turning—you must be able to turn the vehicle around in a 30 to 40 degree space. 2.Coming to a crossing—you need to show that you are able to get in the correct lane (in the correct gear) and look both ways. 3.Shifting gears—if you are operating a vehicle with a manual transmission, you need to show that you can shift gears properly. 4.Following right-of-way rules—this includes proper procedures for sharing the road with emergency vehicles, pedestrians, and other traffic. 5.Backing—back for a distance of 50 ft at a slow speed without using the rearview mirror. 6.Parking 7.Starting and stopping on a grade 8.Making quick stops—you must be able to prove that 9.you can make this stop from a speed of 20 mph. 10.Following stop signs and signals 11.Using turn signals and following through on the turn 12.Passing other vehicles 13.Following vehicles from a safe distance 14.Staying within the proper lane

Alcohol also causes your red blood cells to clump together, which clogs up your blood vessels. Your tissues are deprived of oxygen and may result in cell death. Here are some other ways alcohol effects your blood:

1.You may become anemic. 2.You may have reduced red and white blood counts, which in turn lowers your resistance to infection.

You can be considered a state resident if:

1.You register to vote within any Florida county. 2.You accept employment in the state. 3.You live in Florida for more than six months at a time. 4.You file for a homestead exemption. 5.You enroll your children in any public school.

Any amount of alcohol, whether it comes in the form of beer, wine, or hard spirits, has the power to impair driving and will raise your BAL. The following drinks will raise your BAL to the same level:

A 12 ounce beer with 5% alcohol A 5 ounce glass of wine with 12% alcohol A shot of 80 proof alcohol (hard liquor)

Here is how an experienced bike rider would explain these differences:

A car is a "two-dimensional" vehicle. Most of the time, whatever you do will leave you in a vertical position. Bikes take on a "third dimension," having to add the lean attribute.

Keep a space between yourself and parked cars. Watch for trouble when driving in lanes next to parked cars. Someone may step into the street from behind a car.

A car may start to pull out suddenly or it's doors can swing open. In a parking lot entrance, watch out for all approaching vehicles and pedestrians.

Defensive driving

A set of driving skills that allows you to defend yourself against possible collisions due to other driver, weather, or road conditions.

An initial step in the licensing process is the application. Your application must include:

A statement affirming that all information included within the application is true. 1.Your full name and gender. 2.Both your country of residence and birth. 3.Your Social Security number. 4.Proof of your birth date. 5.Your mailing address. 6.If you have ever been licensed in another state, you need to include information about your record including any suspensions, revocation or refusals, and consent to release your record. 7.Accurate proof of identification.

Heroin is an extremely addictive drug derived from morphine, which comes from the opium poppy

A user's capacity to think critically gets clouded because heroin triggers depression of the central nervous system. Other effects include slowed and slurred speech, sluggish movement, constricted pupils, droopy eyelids, impaired night vision, constipation, and vomiting. Using heroin can slow a driver's reaction time, cause visual distortions, and impair simple motor skills. In severe cases, heroin causes stupor, coma, and death.

Alcohol cannot be retained in your body's tissue without serious health consequences. Here are more statistics related to alcohol absorption:

About 2-5 % of the all alcohol consumed passes unchanged by the body's functions. Less than 10 % of the total is eliminated through the kidneys, lungs and skin. The remaining 90% must be slowly eliminated by your liver through the process of oxidation.

Vehicle Lights

Activate your headlights by turning the knob on the multifunction lever, and switch between low- and high-beams by pushing the lever towards you or away from you. You can also frequently find controls for the parking lights and fog lights on this lever, while the interior lights and dashboard lights are usually operated by a switch on the dashboard panel. No matter the time of day, you should activate your headlights whenever the vehicle is moving. For added safety, many vehicles are equipped with daytime running headlights.

What is drug addiction?

Alan I. Leshner, Director of the National Institute of Drug Abuse, defines drug addiction as uncontrollable, compulsive drug seeking and use, even in the face of negative health and social consequences. By abusing drugs, the addicted teen has changed the way his or her brain operates. Drug abuse and addiction lead to long-term changes in the brain. These changes cause addicted drug users to lose the ability to control their drug use. Drug addiction is a disease.

Head Restraints

All new vehicles are equipped with head restraints that help reduce whiplash injuries in rear-end collisions. The purpose of the headrest is to decrease the chance of a neck injury in a crash, not to let you recline as you drive. Some cars are equipped with head restraints that can be adjusted up or down. To avoid serious neck injury, the safest position for your headrest is at ear level.

On most vehicles, the windshield wipers are activated by a lever to the right of the steering wheel. Usually, you can adjust the speed of your wipers to optimize performance for the driving conditions.

Almost always, you can use the windshield wiper lever to dispense windshield wiper fluid, which removes dirt obstructing your view. Using the windshield wiper fluid lever allows you to clean the windshield while driving to immediately improve visibility.

These are designed to activate brake sensors that do not allow the wheels to spin. By controlling wheel spin, the vehicle stability, steer-ability, and acceleration are improved. The process is basically the reverse of anti-lock brakes and allows acceleration without loss of vehicle balance.

Also since the brakes can be applied to the drive wheels individually, engine torque can be transferred through the differential from one wheel to another.

Here are some other important things to do in advance of travel. Make a schedule of your travel time and take care to pick an appropriate time of day to begin.

Also, check the weather and road conditions for any construction work that might be happening on your route. If camping or staying in hotels/motels, make reservations in advance.

Seat Adjustment

Always make sure you're in the ideal position for controlling your car. In cars with manual seat adjustment controls, an adjustment lever to move the seat forwards or back is typically found at the lower front or right side of the driver's seat, while the angle of the seat back can be adjusted with a lever or knob on the left side of the seat. Many modern cars have electric power seats, which can be adjusted using controls found on the lower left side of the driver's seat or in a control cluster on the driver's door.

In Florida, it is illegal for a motorcycle to drive beside or pass another vehicle in the same lane. This dangerous practice (often called "lane splitting") is tempting to motorcyclists who wish to pass other vehicles when traffic is stopped or slow. Every vehicle is entitled to full use of the lane.

As a rule, there should only be one vehicle occupying the width of a lane at any time. There is, however, an exception. In Florida, it is legal for two motorcycles to ride side by side in a lane. Note: even though it is not illegal for two motorcycles to share a lane, this is a very unsafe practice. Always maintain a safe distance between motorcycles when sharing a lane.

Safety experts estimate that a driver makes nearly 200 decisions for every mile of driving.

Avoid distractions and if you really need to look away, pick a safe time to do it.

If a user drinks quickly, his or her BAL will be higher because the alcohol has less time to break down. If a user drinks at a much slower rate, the BAL will be lower.

Be aware that food will not absorb or dilute alcohol in your body.

When driving behind a bus, increase your following distance to get a better view. Expect the bus to stop at its designated curbside stops to pick up or drop off passengers.

Be careful when passing a stopped bus. Don't pass on the right side.

Side View Mirrors

Before driving, adjust both the rearview and side view mirrors. The side mirrors must be adjusted manually or, in cars with electric controls, using switches located on the left side of the dashboard, the driver's arm rest, or the center console. For added safety, use the rearview mirror as the primary mirror and direct the side mirrors to show more of the sides to decrease your blind spots. To improve your view when leaving a curb, you may need to move your head towards the window

Rearview Mirrors

Before driving, adjust both the rearview and side view mirrors. Use the tab at the bottom of the mirror to switch between day and nighttime glare settings. You should have an unobstructed view of the rear window through the rearview mirror. When backing up, don't rely on the rearview mirror alone: place your left hand on the passenger's seat and turn around in the driver's seat to look through the rear window directly.

If you are involved in an incident where someone dies or is seriously injured, you will need to take a blood test—even without consent. A doctor, nurse, or other health professional will draw your blood.

Blood may be drawn if you are unconscious and cannot refuse a test. The results can be legally used as evidence.

Brake Fluid Reservoir

Brake fluid ensures you can stop your car when necessary. When you need to replace the brake fluid, be sure to use only the kind specified by the car's manufacturer.

Check the traffic in both rear view and side view mirrors. Safe driving requires you to know the traffic conditions behind your car as well as to the sides.

By checking the mirrors you will be able to judge the following distances of other vehicles on the road and spot tailgaters.

Before leaving, make sure that the following systems are in working order: ignition system, fuel system, belts, hoses, fluids, brakes, exhaust system, wiper blades, heater and defroster, battery, and lights. Keep the fuel tank full—don't let it get below half before filling up. Also, make sure you have proper tire tread depth and inflation. Cold temperatures have a lowering effect on tire pressures.

Carry chains or have snow tires installed. Be familiar with your braking systems and know how to use them in emergency conditions (conventional or ABS).

Engine Coolant Reserve Tank

Check the coolant reservoir to make sure there is enough coolant to keep your car from overheating. The coolant level should be between the lines marked Full and Low when the engine is cold.

A poorly running engine may lose power needed for normal driving and emergencies. It may not start, get poor fuel economy, pollute the air, and could stall when you are on the road causing a traffic problem.

Check the engine cooling system frequently. The antifreeze/coolant level should be checked periodically to ensure proper levels recommended by your vehicle owner's manual. Improperly maintained levels can result in overheating in warm weather or engine freezing during winter. Always keep an eye on the engine temperature gauge. Be careful to check your radiator ONLY when the vehicle is cool, not immediately after operation.

Lights

Checking your vehicle's lights is a simple process. Begin by walking around the car with the headlights turned on and checking each light to make sure it is lit. Don't overlook the license, parking, and side marker lights.

Heroin

Chronic heroin users may develop collapsed veins, heart lining and valve infections, abscesses, cellulitis, and liver disease. Pulmonary complications, including various types of pneumonia, may result from the poor health condition of the abuser, as well as from heroin's effects on respiration.

State maps have a town and city index with number/letter coordinates.

City maps have a street and major points of interest index with number/letter coordinates. On both city and state maps, the letters and numbers correspond to the letters and numbers located on the top/bottom and sides of the map.

Every intersection where streets with sidewalks meet at a right angle has a crosswalk, even if there are no painted lines.

Crosswalks are often marked with white lines. Yellow crosswalk lines may be painted at school crossings. Before turning a corner, watch for people who are about to cross the street.

Bicycle riders (cyclists) on public streets generally have all the same rights and responsibilities as drivers of motor vehicles.

Cyclists are part of the normal traffic flow and share the road with other drivers. However, cyclists should realize that the typical motorist is not accustomed to sharing the road with them.

The penalties for driving under the influence (DUI) are severe and may include fees, jail time, rehabilitation class, the installation of an ignition interlock device on your car (to disable the car if you have consumed alcohol), and other penalties.

DUI laws punish offenders for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.

Exiting has two components:

Deceleration lane—an area where speed can be reduced to exit safely and yield to other drivers. It may be marked with a dashed line on the right, and may be shared with cars entering and exiting the expressway. Exit ramp—the off-ramp may be level or sharply curved, uphill or downhill. Be sure to adjust speed for the ramp speed limit depending on the sharpness of the curve.

Maps typically contain a chart or legend that explains the markings and symbols. For instance: Different colors and width of lines are used to identify classes of roads (interstates, toll roads, two-lane, and four-lane divided and undivided, unpaved, scenic, under construction).

Different symbols are used for federal, state, secondary, and county roads. Black and red numerals indicate mileage between major points.

Where do illegal drugs come from?

Diverse groups traffic and distribute illegal drugs. Criminal organizations operating from South America smuggle cocaine and heroin into the U.S. via a number of routes. Furthermore, criminal groups operating from Mexico smuggle cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, amphetamines, and marijuana into the United States.

Do not pass from behind a vehicle stopped at a crosswalk, since a pedestrian hidden from your view may be crossing.

Do not drive on a sidewalk, except to cross it at a driveway or alley, and when crossing, always yield to any pedestrian.

Do you habitually squeeze the fuel nozzle when filling up to get as much fuel into the tank as possible?

Do you habitually squeeze the fuel nozzle when filling up to get as much fuel into the tank as possible?

Never race a train to the crossing—you'll lose every time. When at multiple track crossings, watch for trains on the other sets of tracks, not just the track set immediately in front of you. ALWAYS EXPECT A TRAIN! Freight trains do not follow set schedules.

Don't be fooled—that train is closer and moves faster than you think. If you see a train approaching, wait for it to go by before crossing the tracks.

SAFETY FIRST

Don't follow too closely or tailgate trucks. When you follow behind a truck and you cannot see the truck driver's side view mirrors, the trucker has no way of knowing you are there. Tailgating a truck, or any vehicle, is dangerous because by doing so you take away your own cushion of safety. Where will you go when the vehicle ahead suddenly stops?

Horse-drawn vehicles and riders of horses or other animals are entitled to share the road with you.

Don't scare horses or stampede livestock. Slow down or stop if necessary and when requested to do so by riders or herders.

Alcohol affects brain function and sensory perception directly, with judgment being the first to go. Things like distance and speed perception become much more difficult. Being unable to accurately sense one's surroundings together with a slower reaction time makes any driver a danger to everyone.

Drinking alcohol slows your reflexes and changes your hand-eye coordination: This includes the ability to perceive danger and react quickly.

REMEMBER: Pedestrian safety is a serious issue. Pedestrians lose in any collision, regardless of who had the right-of-way. Drive cautiously when pedestrians are near and may cross your path, and stop for the safety of anyone crossing the street on foot.

Drivers must yield to pedestrians crossing the street or driveway at any marked mid-block crossing, driveway, or intersection without traffic signals.

Myth: Airbags take the place of seat belts.

Fact: Airbags are designed to supplement the effectiveness of seat belts. They are not designed to be used alone. Wearing a lap belt keeps you anchored to the car seat. Your shoulder belt keeps your upper body from pitching forward and hitting the airbag as it deploys.

Myth: Alcohol gives you energy.

Fact: Alcohol is a depressant. The initial effects of alcohol may heighten your mood, but you will also become overconfident, your attention span is shortened, and your ability to think, speak, and move will slow down.

Myth: Airbags cause more harm than good.

Fact: Although some deaths have been attributed to airbags, collision statistics show that the death rate in vehicles equipped with airbags is 23 to 24% lower than in comparable vehicles equipped with only seat belts.

Myth: I'm only going to the store. My little brother or sister doesn't need a child's car seat, anyway. It's too much of a hassle.

Fact: Car collisions are the number one preventable cause of death for children. Buckle them up in an approved safety seat. It's worth it, and the law requires that you do.

Myth: My child is safest in my arms.

Fact: Children are never safe riding in the arms or lap of an adult. The force of a collision pulls the child away from the adult. The adult's body can also crush the child against the dashboard.

Myth: I should put my infant in the front seat, so I can keep an eye on him or her at all times.

Fact: For many parents this is a concern, but the fact is that the back seat is the safest place for a child of any age to ride. If your child has a health condition, then two adults should be in the car when the infant is traveling, so that one can devote their full attention to the road.

Myth: Seat belts are good on long trips, but I don't need them if I'm driving around town.

Fact: Half of all traffic deaths happen within 25 miles of home. Don't take chances with your life or the lives of your passengers. Buckle up every time you drive.

Myth: The worst thing that can happen is a hangover.

Fact: If you drink enough alcohol, you might not be lucky enough to experience the hangover. With too much alcohol, you are at risk of vomiting in your sleep and dying by asphyxiation, lowered heart rate, or even slipping into a coma.

Myth: Seat belts can trap you inside a car.

Fact: It actually takes less than a second to take off a seat belt. This myth is due to the common fear of being trapped in a car that catches on fire or sinks in deep water. However, a seat belt may keep you from being knocked out in a collision, and your chances of escape will definitely improve if you are conscious.

Myth: If you only drink beer you won't have a problem.

Fact: It's not the drink you have, it's the amount of alcohol in the drink. Your blood alcohol level (BAL—the percentage of alcohol in your blood) determines your level or impairment.

Myth: Airbags are always safe.

Fact: The force of an airbag deploying at 200 mph can cause serious injuries and even death if the occupant is sitting less than 10 inches from the steering wheel or dashboard.

Myth: A cold shower or a cup of coffee will make you sober.

Fact: The only thing that sobers you up is time. Your body needs time to get the alcohol out of your system naturally. Caffeine only makes you an alert drunk.

Myth: It's not my business if a friend drinks too much.

Fact: You can't make someone else's decisions, but you can be honest. If you're worried for your friend, you can take the car keys and put him or her in a taxi. Don't argue about it, just do it.

Myth: Some people are thrown clear in a collision and walk away with hardly a scratch.

Fact: Your chances of surviving a collision are five times better if you stay inside the car. A seat belt can keep you from being thrown out into the path of another car.

Certain types of vehicles have trouble keeping up with the speed of traffic. Look for these vehicles and decrease your speed before you reach them. Farm tractors, animal-drawn carts, and road maintenance vehicles usually travel 25 mph or less.

Farm tractors, animal-drawn carts, and road maintenance vehicles usually travel 25 mph or less. Slow moving vehicles must have an orange triangle (as shown in graphic) displayed on the rear of the vehicle.

Stopping distances increase on slippery and ice covered surfaces. Remember, stopping distances on slippery roads may be 2 to 10 times greater than on dry roads.

Focus your attention as far ahead as possible—at least 20 to 30 seconds. Look out for hazards (other vehicles) in side or oncoming traffic. Other cars may lose traction on slippery surfaces and enter your lane.

Have your car's alignment checked once a year. Normal wear and road conditions can take their toll on a car's steering and suspension system, possibly throwing off the alignment settings.

For best results, seek a reliable alignment shop and qualified technician who can perform a four-wheel alignment on your car.

Don't forget critical documents, like ID cards, money, map, driver license, proof of insurance, and vehicle registration.

For longer trips, pack lots of healthy snacks. Crackers, fruits, dried fruit, nuts, and chips are all relatively easy to eat on the road, especially for children. Most important of all, allow yourself enough time to reach your destination so you don't stress out on the way. If it's not urgent, avoid rush-hour traffic.

Carefully inspect under the hood for any evidence of a fuel leak. Check the fuel lines and fuel rail, the fuel pressure regulator, and around the throttle body unit.

Fuel leaks are serious fire hazards and can also present other dangers. Vapor from a leak under the hood can be drawn through the fresh air intake vents at the base of the windshield and carried into the cabin through the heating/air conditioning system.

If you are riding a motorcycle, wear proper, lightly colored riding apparel, including a properly fitting helmet, a heavy jacket (preferably leather), gloves, and leather boots that cover ankles.

Helmets are designed to provide some protection to the head and neck against impact, crushing, and friction (rubbing over another surface).

DON'T EXPECT TO BE SEEN

Help others to see you. Choose an appropriate lane position. Never drive in the blind spots of another driver. These are universal rules for any road user, but for motorcyclists they are especially important because motorcycles are smaller than other vehicles. Driving alongside a car or a truck is dangerous, avoid it whenever possible.

Hoses and Belts

Hoses, belts, and lights should be checked frequently. Hoses should be inspected for cracks or leaks. If necessary, they should be replaced immediately. Belts should be snug and in good condition. A loose or worn out belt can cause problems to many vehicle systems.

You can make yourself more visible at night by wearing white clothing and reflective materials, or by carrying a flashlight.

However, wearing only white clothing at night does not necessarily guarantee your safety. Use common sense.

The four steps of the IPDE process are:

I (Identify)-- Locate potential hazards in the driving environment. P (Predict)-- Anticipate when and where possible hazards may occur D (Decide)-- Determine what action to take, and when and where to take it. E (Execute)-- Act by maneuvering the car to avoid hazards.

If you do not maintain the proper insurance coverage, you will be expected to surrender your license plates. Law enforcement officers have the right to seize your plates at any time if your license and plates have been suspended for 30 days or more due to this type of violation.

If at any time your license and/or plates are suspended for non-compliance with the No-fault law, you will be expected to show proof of insurance and pay a $150 fee before reinstatement. The fee increases to $250 for a second incident occurring within three years and $500 for a third within three years.

If the battery has removable vent caps, remove the caps on a monthly basis and check the level of electrolyte (a solution of sulfuric acid and water found) inside your battery. This level should rise above the top plates of the battery.

If fluid is needed, add distilled water. Be sure to avoid overfilling the cells. Use distilled water, not tap water. Tap water may contain mineral deposits that reduce battery life.

REPORTING COLLISIONS:

If the accident results in property damage, injury, or death, you are required to report it. Make sure to call your local law enforcement agency, Florida Highway Patrol, or county sheriff's office. If a DUI charge is involved or damage is so extensive that the wreckage must be towed, a law officer will fill out the report. If the incident is to be investigated, you are not required to file a report yourself. If property damage is over $500 and a report is not made by law enforcement, you will be required to file with the Department of Highway Safety Motor Vehicles within 10 days. Make sure to maintain a copy of any report for your records.

If approaching an emergency or law enforcement vehicle with flashing lights parked on a two-lane road or highway, drivers must slow to less than 20 mph of posted speed limits 25 mph or greater.

If the limit is less than 20 mph, drivers are required to slow to 5 mph.

To avoid breakdowns, collisions, and costly repairs, you should be aware of the condition of your steering system. There should be no play in your steering wheel if you have power steering, and no more than two inches of play in your steering wheel if you do not have power steering.

If this is not the case, you should have your vehicle checked-out by a qualified technician.

High-Beam Indicator

If this lights is on, the high-beam headlights are engaged. Be sure to switch to low-beams if you're approaching another car on the road.

If you see a wear bar across the width of the tread while facing it, it's time to replace the tire. Generally, it's best to replace tires in sets of four. If your car's tires show signs of abnormal or uneven wear, have your car looked at by a professional technician.

If uneven wear is present you should check inflation pressure and/or the wheel balance and alignment of your vehicle. Have problems corrected immediately or you may be forced to purchase new tires.

It is important to consider all the costs of owning and operating a vehicle, not just the price you are paying, when determining whether you can afford the car

If you buy a new car, your costs for financing, depreciation, registration, and insurance will be higher. However, your maintenance costs will probably be lower, the dependability of the vehicle will probably be better, and the collision worthiness and fuel efficiency may be better. It is wise to have a used vehicle inspected for mechanical condition prior to purchase.

Don't weave; stay in one traffic lane as much as possible. Weaving in and out of lanes could anger other drivers on the road and create unsafe conditions. On two-way roads, use the left lane for passing and the right lane for your normal path of travel.

If you can choose among three lanes on your side of the road, pick the middle lane for the smoothest driving. Use the left lane to go faster, pass, or turn left. Use the right lane to drive slowly, enter, or turn off the road.

If someone is tailgating you (following too closely behind), "lose" the tailgater as soon as you can by changing lanes

If you cannot change lanes, slow down enough to encourage the tailgater to go around you. If this does not work, pull off the road when it is safe and let the tailgater pass.

The DHSMV will be notified of the actions you take with your insurance policy. This includes renewal, cancellation, or the expiration of coverage. You will be required to show proof of new coverage. The department will notify you when this needs to occur.

If you fail to provide proof of insurance when required, your drivers license and license plate may be suspended for up to three years.

A pre-trip inspection will help you find problems that could cause a collision or breakdown.

If you find anything unsafe during your inspection, get it fixed.

MODULE 9.2 Rear wheel ABS prevents wheel lockup so that your car stays in a straight line. If your car has ABS control on all four wheels, you also keep steering control.

If you have steering control, it is possible to avoid a collision by steering around hazards if a complete stop cannot be accomplished in time.

The navigation systems can be distracting if you program your route while driving. Always designate a front-seat passenger to serve as a "co-pilot," and keep your eyes on the road rather than fumbling with maps or navigation systems yourself. If you are driving alone, map out destinations in advance.

If you need to attend to something important while driving, first check the situation ahead, then check traffic by taking frequently, short looks. Also check your mirrors in between movements.

Passenger vehicle drivers often incorrectly assume that truckers can see the road better because they are higher off the ground. While truckers do have a better forward view and bigger mirrors, they still have serious "blind spots" in which your vehicle can get lost.

If you stay in those "blind spots," you block the trucker's ability to take evasive action to avoid a dangerous situation. Generally speaking, if you can't see the truck driver in his or her side mirror, you can't be seen.

If your temperature gauge moves up to just below the red zone, turn off your air conditioner and turn on your vehicle's heater to its highest and hottest setting to draw some of the heat away from the engine; then immediately seek out a service station with a mechanic.

If your temperature gauge is rising and you are stopped in traffic, briefly put the car in park (P) and lightly step on the gas to help circulate coolant. If the temperature light goes on or if the gauge enters the red zone, immediately pull off the road, well away from traffic, and stop the engine.

If your vehicle stalls on a crossing, get everyone out of the vehicle. Get as far away from the tracks as possible and call your local law enforcement agency for assistance.

If your vehicle ever stalls on a track as a train approaches, get out immediately and move away from the tracks. Do not run away in the direction the train is traveling—if you run in the same direction, you could be injured by flying debris when the train hits your car.

Radiator Cap

In many cars, you can access the radiator directly to check the level of coolant in the radiator and flush it when necessary. Never try to remove the radiator cap while the car is still hot.

Trunk Release

In some vehicles, you must use a lever found on the floor to the left of the driver's seat to open the trunk; in others, the release mechanism is a button located in the glove box or in a central compartment to the right of the driver's seat. There is also a trunk release button on the key fobs of most modern cars.

Be aware of the road surface at all times, especially when cornering.

It is crucial for motorcyclists to pay attention to changes on a road surface while riding straight ahead, but cornering is especially dangerous and requires even more attention to the road surface. Each irregularity or spot on the road should be treated with caution and avoided if possible. It could be oil or water, each of which can cause a skid.

The most common signs of unbalanced tires are vibration and noise problems. When driving with an out-of-balance wheel, the wheel bounces rather than spinning smoothly. This can affect the speed, handling, and fuel consumption of your vehicle.

It's a good idea to have your car's wheels balanced when rotating the tires. It's not uncommon for wheels to lose weight from time to time; so periodic balancing minimizes the impact of unbalanced wheels on your car.

LSD

LSD is sold as small squares of blotting paper that may be decorated with colorful designs or cartoon characters. Users then lick or suck these papers. This drug also comes in capsules and liquid form that can be swallowed. Hallucinations occur within 30 to 90 minutes of ingestion. People say their senses are intensified and distorted when they use. They may see colors or hear sounds with other delusions, such as melting walls and a loss of any sense of time. But the effects are also unpredictable, depending on how much LSD is taken and the user.

Many readily available cough and cold medicines include dextromethorphan (DXM) in their list of ingredients. If taken in large quantities, these over-the-counter medicines can cause loss of motor control, hallucinations, and other dissociative sensations. DXM is often abused when extracted from cough and cold medicines, put into powder form, and snorted.

Large doses of certain over-the-counter medications can cause fever, confusion, impaired judgment, blurred vision, dizziness, paranoia, excessive sweating, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, headache, lethargy, numbness of fingers and toes, redness of face, dry and itchy skin, loss of consciousness, seizures, brain damage, and even death. Sometimes abusers mistakenly take cough syrups that contain other medications in addition to dextromethorphan. High doses of these other medications can cause serious injury or death.

Fuel system

Leaks in your fuel system can cause fires or expose you to toxic gases. These leaks can occur in the fuel tank, fuel lines, fuel pump, carburetor, and fuel injector lines, or by not having the car's gas cap securely attached.

Windshield Washer Fluid Tank

Make sure you have enough wiper fluid so that you can clean dust and grime from your windshield. The more often you use your wipers, the more often you must replace your wiper fluid.

Your vehicle is equipped with both rear view and side mirrors.

Make sure your mirrors are properly adjusted before driving. The rear view mirror is located at the top center of your windshield. It is rectangle-shaped and allows you to see what is happening behind you. You must be able to view the highway at least 200 ft to the rear.

Maps are available from state and city offices, motor clubs, book stores, and many service stations. Whether planning a trip out of state or trying to locate an address in a nearby city or your own home town, using a map in advance to determine the best way to get there can make driving less stressful.

Many collisions have been caused by drivers who suddenly hit the brake or changed lanes as they realized that they had just, or were just about to, miss their turn. Unfortunately many people either do not take the time or do not know how to read a map.

It is easy and extremely dangerous to underestimate the size and speed of an approaching tractor-trailer. A large tractor-trailer often appears to be traveling at a slower speed because of its large size.

Many passenger vehicles/large truck collisions take place at intersections because the vehicle driver did not realize how close the truck was or how quickly it was traveling.

It's necessary to wear heavy clothing like leather jackets, boots, and gloves to protect the body in a collision and reduce the effect of the wind on your body temperature.

Motorcycle riders should also protect their eyes and face from insects, dirt, wind, rain, and other debris by wearing protective glasses or a helmet with a face shield. Rain gear is a great addition to a motorcyclist's kit because you never know when a shower might hit.

Use the front and rear brakes for everything but leisurely stops.

Motorcyclists should never suddenly hit the brakes. Too much pressure on a front brake may lock the front wheel and the motorcyclist can be thrown over the handle bars.

It is important to know that the posted speed limit is the highest speed that you should drive when road conditions are good. If the road surface or visibility is compromised in any way, such as by traffic congestion or bad weather, you must adjust your speed. Stay at a speed where you can maintain complete control of your car.

Municipal Speed areas: 30 mph Business or Residential areas: 30 mph Rural Interstate: 70mph Limited access highways: 70mph All other roads and highways:55mph School zones: 20mph The maximum speed limit of 55mph is in effect through much of the state, although conditions may dictate a change in speed, but drivers should make sure to be aware of posted limits. Along with following the speed limit, drivers should also concern themselves with following traffic flow. Driving slowly than may impede other vehicles on the road traveling at normal and safe speeds and could result in a ticket for driving too slowly. For ex., if the posted speed limit is 70 mph, the lowest legal speed would b 50 mph

Narcotic drugs often dull the senses and make the user sleepy. They are also highly addictive. Opium, morphine, heroin (a synthetic drug made by altering the chemicals in opium), and codeine are the most commonly used narcotics.

Narcotics are usually prescribed for pain relief but are often abused. Drowsiness, respiratory slowing, memory loss, and nausea are only a few of the negative effects. There are many more. Abuse of this type of drug can cause convulsions, coma, or even death. Because narcotics affect the central nervous system, abusing narcotics can also impair mental functioning.

Wait 20 minutes, start up the engine, and if the temperature light does not come on, proceed directly to the nearest garage. If at any time the gauge goes back into the red zone or the temperature light comes on, pull over immediately, turn off the engine, and repeat the process.

Never attempt to remove the radiator cap when your car is hot, and do not pour water over a hot radiator or engine. You must wait a sufficient amount of time until your engine cools.

The brake fluid level should be checked periodically. If the level is low, brake fluid should be added to maintain a full level. Your brakes are your lifeline and should always be inspected and maintained by a trained professional.

Of course, the best possible brake maintenance is preventive maintenance. By not using your brakes excessively, you can extend their life and minimize the costs of brake maintenance.

On most cars, the turn signal lever is located to the left of the steering wheel. Shifting the lever up indicates a right turn and shifting it down indicates a left turn.

Once the car turns, the signal should turn off automatically, but if it doesn't, turn it off manually as soon as possible.

Executing the decision

Once you have evaluated the situation and made a decision, executing it involves figuring out how much braking or acceleration you need, what lane position to take, and whether there is a need to communicate (signal, horn, tap on the brake, etc.) in establishing and maintaining a safe space.

It's important to keep your wheels balanced and aligned. Wheel balance is the proper distribution of weight around a revolving tire and wheel assembly.

Poor wheel balance can have a marked impact on both your car and your safety. Proper wheel balance ensures that the wheels do not have a heavy spot that causes vibration and premature wear of tires, struts, shocks, and other steering and suspension components.

Preventative Maintenance

Preventative maintenance means that money is saved and breakdowns are avoided by having comprehensive inspections regularly completed. Your vehicle should be inspected by a trained professional at least twice a year. What components should be inspected? The inspection should cover components with a high probability of failure or excessive wear.

Properly inflated tires are critical to vehicle control and good gas mileage. Under-inflated tires flex too much and build up heat, which can lead to blowouts or the tread separating and peeling off. Tires should be inflated to the vehicle manufacturer's recommended pressure in the owner's manual or inside the driver's side car door or glove compartment.

Recommended tire pressures are for cold tires (check pressure before driving). Look for your tires' recommended air pressure in the car owner's manual, inside the driver's side car door, or glove compartment.

Regular maintenance is health insurance for your car. Maintenance helps a car keep its safety, dependability, performance, fuel economy, and emission control capabilities.

Regular maintenance also makes sense economically; low-cost maintenance can prevent high-cost repairs. Maintenance also helps prolong the life of tires, brakes, and other vehicle parts.

The rate of fatal collisions among 16- to 20-year—olds driving under the influence is more than DOUBLE the rate for intoxicated drivers 21 and older.

Remember: the younger you are when you start drinking or using drugs, the more likely you are to experience serious physical consequences or become an addict. Make the responsible choice.

Engine Oil Filler Cap

Remove this cap when you need to change your car's motor oil. You should change your motor oil every three months or 3,000 miles, or whenever the oil level falls below the recommended level.

Roundabouts (sometimes called rotaries) are designed to improve the flow of traffic and reduce collisions.

Right-of-way is determined by the locations of each vehicle. Drivers traveling towards the roundabout yield to vehicles already moving through the roundabout

Tire Rotation:

Rotating your tires can prolong their life. Refer to your owner's manual for the recommended rotation interval and pattern (a rotation interval of 6,000 miles is generally recommended). The rotation pattern varies with different makes and models. Some vehicles have different size tires on the front and back or directional tires. This limits where the tire can be placed on a vehicle. When in doubt, check the owner's manual or consult a professional technician. Tire rotation also gives you a good opportunity to have the tires and wheels balanced. This is just one more step you can take to maximize your tire investment.

The most common service required for drum brakes is changing the brake shoes.

Some drum brakes provide an inspection hole on the back side where you can see how much material is left on the shoe.

Diamond-shaped signs mean that a truck is carrying dangerous cargo and should indicate the hazard

Some loads have code numbers, and all vehicles bearing these placards must stop before crossing railroad tracks.

SPEED UP

Sometimes it is necessary to speed up to avoid a collision. This may happen when another vehicle is about to hit you from the side or behind and you have room at the front of your vehicle to get out of danger. Be sure to slow down once the danger has passed. Remember to always keep at least a two-second (or greater) space cushion between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead.

Traffic access on expressways is controlled. This means that you can enter or leave the expressway only at entrances and exits, which are called interchanges.

Sometimes you will find interchanges that are really an intersection of two roads, with one road for exiting and the other for entering the expressway. Negotiating these interchanges requires cooperation and communication. The car exiting has the right-of-way unless there is a safety threat.

IPDE

Step-by-step reasoning process for safe vehicle operation which uses the principles of defensive driving and careful visual perception in traffic IPDE is an organized process of thinking that you should always use when driving.

Stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, and "pep"pills) Cocaine (a stimulant) can produce extreme mood swings: from feelings of euphoria to severe depression and violent hallucinations.

Stimulants like speed, methamphetamines, and crack can give users a false sense of well-being, but along with that feeling users experience trouble concentrating, impatience, aggressiveness, and chronic paranoia.

Teenagers may be compelled to drink because of different types of pressure.

Studies suggest that having an alcoholic family member is one of the greatest risk factors for becoming an alcoholic yourself. Some, but not all, children of alcoholics may have a genetic predisposition toward alcoholism.

Alternator belt

The alternator drive belt should be inspected often and replaced if cracked, oil soaked, glazed, badly worn, or otherwise damaged. The belt should be adjusted for proper tension following the vehicle manufacturer's guidelines. Too much tension can overload the alternator's bearings and shorten the unit's life. Too little tension may cause the belt to slip.

Addiction is a condition caused by repeated drug or alcohol use, characterized by a compulsive urge to continue using the drug, a tendency to increase dosage, and physiological and/or psychological dependence.

The best way to avoid addiction is to avoid drugs altogether.

Check for gas or oil leaks which can blow onto the back tire and cause a skid. Running out of gas at the wrong time, like on a busy expressway, can be very dangerous.

The chain should have about one inch of play and be properly lubricated. The horn, headlights, and turn signals should all be checked.

Door Locks

The doors of cars with manual locks must each be locked or unlocked individually. In cars with electric locks, an additional master control is typically located on the driver-side arm rest; these cars also usually include a locking mechanism found on the key fob. In addition, many cars include child-safety locks that will prevent a child from unlocking a door accidentally.

The driver's blind spots

The driver cannot see vehicles in these blind spots when looking only in the mirrors. The driver must turn his or her head in order to see a car in one of these blind spots. Drive through another driver's blind spot as quickly as you can or drop back.

You must not suddenly leave a curb or other safe place and walk or run into the path of a vehicle that is dangerously close to you, even if you are in a crosswalk.

The law requires all drivers to care for the safety of any pedestrian. But the law won't help you if you carelessly walk in front of a vehicle and the driver can't stop in time.

Hood Release

The lever to open the hood is typically located on the left side of the driver's compartment under the instrument panel, though it is sometimes found under or just to the right of the steering column. A second latch at the front of the car must be released manually to open the hood.

The best source of maintenance information about your car can be found in your vehicle owner's manual. A list of maintenance services (including the mileage intervals or time when they should be performed) is included as a part of every owner's manual.

The manufacturer wants to help you keep your car in good working condition, but no carmaker can know exactly how every vehicle sold will be used. That's why every owner's manual has different maintenance schedules for different driving conditions.

Periodic or preventative maintenance of your vehicle will also lower your long-term operation costs. Periodic tune-ups reduce fuel consumption by making your vehicle run more efficiently.

The money you spend on periodic maintenance can also save you large expenses due to major engine failure and breakdown.

Odometer And Trip Odometer

The odometer displays how many miles your vehicle has travelled since it was built. The trip odometer can be reset to zero manually so you can calculate trip mileage and fuel consumption.

The parking brake can be a pedal operated by your left foot, a lever under the dashboard, or a lever to the right on the floor.

The parking (or hand) brake uses a cable directly connected to the brake mechanism to bring the car to a stop if the regular hydraulic or air brake system fails. Most often, you'll use it to keep your car in place when parked.

Fuel Door Release

The position of the lever to open the fuel door varies from car to car, though usually it is found on the left side. Consult your owner's manual: in your car it could be to the left of the driver's seat or under the steering wheel to the left. After using this lever to open the fuel door, you must unscrew the fuel cap from the gas tank in order to refuel

Speedometer

The speedometer indicates the speed of your vehicle in miles and kilometers per hour (MPH/KPH). Check your speedometer frequently to make sure that you are traveling within the legal speed limit.

Tachometer

The tachometer indicates how fast the engine is moving in revolutions per minute (RPM). When the indicator is the red zone, the engine is moving too fast and may become damaged.

Periodic tune-ups and transmission service according to manufacturer's specifications extend the life of your vehicle, allow you to avoid costly repairs, and prevent dangerous breakdowns. During a tune-up, you should have your spark plugs, spark distributor, distributor cap, and air filter changed.

The timing of your vehicle should be checked and adjusted, and your points should be changed (if your vehicle has them).

Never walk near a train track. It's illegal and it's dangerous. By the time a train operator can see a trespasser or a vehicle on the tracks, it's too late.

The train cannot stop quickly enough to avoid a collision. Remember: railroads and recreation do not mix!

Turn Signals

The turn signals of your car are operated with the multifunction lever on the left side of the steering column. To use the right or left turn signal, push the lever up or down, respectively. When clicked in place, the signal will blink until the turn is complete. However, when making a slight move, such as changing lanes, the driver may have to cancel the signal manually. When changing lanes, move the lever halfway up or down while your thumb remains hooked on the steering wheel. Release the lever as you enter the next lane.

Windshield Wipers

The windshield wiper lever is usually found on the right of the steering column. Turn the end of the lever to set the speed of your wipers. You can also spray washer fluid to clean the windshield by pushing on this lever.

Tires should be frequently inspected for proper inflation pressure, tread depth, uneven wear, and cracks. They should be replaced when tread depth is low or if cracked.

There are several easy ways to check tire tread depth. You can measure tread depth with a tread depth gauge. You can also use a penny to check tire wear. Tire wear bars are also used on new tires as a hands-off visual indication that a tire needs replacement.

When the friction material has been worn away, the wear indicator will contact the disc and make a squealing sound. This squeal means you need new brake pads.

There is also an inspection opening in the caliper (the device brake pads are mounted on) where you can see how much friction material is left on your brake pads.

Vehicles are equipped with head rest cushions (head restraints) at the top of the seats which protect your neck and head in case of a collision.

These provide support to the neck and keep your head from going back forcibly.

Entrance Ramp:

This "on-ramp" lane delivers the driver to the acceleration lane and gives the driver time to evaluate highway traffic conditions. You should search ahead for traffic on the ramp as well as for a gap in traffic on the expressway.

Breakdowns, collisions, and costly repairs are also avoided by keeping your cooling system in good working order.

This involves maintaining the level of the coolant and changing it according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

If you want to turn the bike left, you have to steer the handlebars slightly to the right—in the opposite direction of the turn. When you steer the bike to the right, it leans to the left and the bike turns left. The rider controls the lean, and the lean controls the turn.

This is VERY difficult to get used to, especially when required to perform high-speed turns. The seasoned biker knows there are not one, but two forces that control the available rate of turn: lean angle and speed. To decrease the radius of a turn, a biker must either increase the lean angle, or decrease the speed.

The person begins to physically need the alcohol or drug in order to function.

This is known as PHYSICAL DEPENDENCY. These substances have incredible power over the body.

Merging Area:

This is the area immediately following the acceleration lane generally distinguished by a broken white line which indicates that traffic may flow from this lane and move onto the expressway. Always attempt to merge at the same speed of the traffic. To enter the traffic flow, merge into the correct lane position; turn off the signal and maintain new target area and cushion of space.

Acceleration Lane:

This is the area to get the speed up to or near the speed of traffic on the expressway. The amount of acceleration depends on traffic flow on the expressway.

Temperature Warning Light/Gauge:

This light activates when the engine temperature or the radiator's coolant is too hot. In some vehicles, a needle gauge indicates the temperature rising in the warning zone of HOT. If this warning light goes on while you are driving, STOP as soon as possible at a safe place and shut the engine off. NEVER REMOVE THE RADIATOR CAP TO CHECK THE COOLANT LEVEL WHEN THE ENGINE IS HOT. The coolant is at boiling temperature and under pressure. If the cap is released, the hot coolant will release with pressure and can cause severe burns if you are standing too close.

Fasten Seat Belt Light

This light functions as a reminder to fasten your seat belt. In some cars, this light will activate if either the driver's or the front passenger's belt is unbuckled

Oil Pressure Warning Light:

This light goes on when the engine oil is not circulating at the required pressure. Some vehicles have an oil pressure gauge that reads LOW when the engine's oil pressure drops. If you see an oil pressure warning while driving, STOP immediately at a safe place and turn off the engine.

Door Open Light

This light indicates that a door or the hood or trunk of the car is open. If it comes on while you're driving, pull over and make sure all doors are securely closed.

Check Engine Light

This light indicates there is a problem with the engine. If it comes on, pull over to a safe spot and turn off the engine. Have a mechanic inspect your car as soon as possible.

Parking Brake Light

This light will come on when the parking brake (emergency brake) is engaged. This light should be off when you start driving and it should be on before you shut down your car.

Establishing Space Ahead and Behind:

This means that you should always be aware of any secondary spaces or gaps in the adjacent lanes that could be used as an escape route. The gap can be in the front, back, or side of your car. At the same time, it is important to always maintain a two-second distance between your car and the one in front. A tap on the brake or slowing your speed can discourage a tailgater and reestablish a cushion of safety.

When in traffic, follow the path of left rear wheel of the car ahead.

This position increases your visibility by making the motorcycle visible in the rear view mirror of the driver ahead. It is also a good idea to cross intersections along with other traffic. This can prevent you from being hit. A driver who might not see a motorcycle will see other cars.

If you can smell gasoline in the cabin after filling up, the evaporative emissions system should be checked for leaks.

This system includes the fuel filler cap, the opening and vent, the fuel filler tube (to the fuel tank), the fuel lines (running to and from the engine compartment), the purge valve and vacuum system, and the charcoal canister.

If an officer suspects that you are under the influence of any drug, he or she can require that you take a blood or urine test.

Those who refuse to be tested are subject to the same license suspensions and revocations as those who refuse alcohol testing.

Horn

To activate your car's horn, you must generally press the pad on the center of your steering wheel or a button on the cross bar. The location of the horn is usually marked with a horn symbol. Always use your horn in a courteous way.

Safety Belts

To ensure you remain safe and in control, fasten your seat belt securely every trip, every time. Not only do safety belts protect occupants during collisions, but they also keep the driver firmly in place, allowing better control of the car. Increase your safety by positioning your belt below your jacket, coat, or sweater and as low on the hips or thighs as possible. Once it's secured, grasp the shoulder belt and pull upwards to take up the slack in the belt. Remember your responsibility to make sure your passengers buckle up too.

Motorcyclists have the same rights and responsibilities on public roadways as automobile drivers. While everyone must follow the same traffic laws, motorcyclists face unusual dangers because they are hard to see and because motorcycles require exceptional handling ability.

To increase their visibility, many motorcycles have headlights that run whenever the vehicle is moving.

Hazard Flasher

To warn other drivers of a problem or increase their awareness of your vehicle in an emergency, press this button to turn on your hazard lights. When activated, both front and rear turn signal lights will flash, alerting others so that they can safely make adjustments to their driving. This switch is usually found on the dashboard or on the top side of the steering column.

Battery

Today's vehicles have more electrical demands than ever, and batteries play an important role. Do-it-yourself maintenance can maximize the life of your battery. It is also important to have your battery and charging system checked at least once a year. Early detection of a weak component can save you time and money.

Determine the number of miles to be traveled daily. The normal average on major highways is 100 to 110 miles every two hours with 10-15 minute breaks every two to three hours and one hour stops for meals.

Travel on secondary roads through towns and cities will take longer, as will mountain driving.

Choosing Correct Lane Position

Use appropriate lane positions so you can make adjustments and create more space between your car and problem situations. Choose the lane best suited for both the legal requirements of the road and destination. Make a lane change early and be in the correct lane for your turns. Anticipate lane blockages by looking one-and-a-half blocks ahead and select the lane that allows movement with the least conflict. Last minute lane changes could result in a collision with the car ahead.

Temperature Controls

Use the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) controls located on the front instrument panel to set a comfortable internal temperature for your car. These controls also control your defrosters, enabling you to make sure your windows remain clear in cold or foggy weather. In some cars, the rear window defroster can be set using a separate switch.

If a truck is passing you, make sure you share the road. Reduce your speed and keep to the far side of your lane to avoid causing a collision.

Watch the truck's signals for indication of when the truck driver is ready to return to your lane.

BIKE LANES:

When approaching an intersection, drivers should slow down and look for bicyclists and yield to any cyclist already entering the intersection. If making a turn, you should signal before passing through the bike lane and finish making the turn from the designated right turn lane. If there is no right turn lane, look for cyclists. If there are no cyclists, enter the bike lane at the intersection or driveway.

The ABS engages when a wheel speed sensor detects impending wheel lock-up and prevents skidding during emergency braking.

When the ABS engages, your car will feel a slight "shuddering"—resist the impulse to take your foot off of the brake when this happens. The ABS is working, and your job is to steer.

Temperature Gauge

When the engine overheats, this indicator will enter the Hot zone and the temperature warning light will activate. Pull over and, once the car has cooled down, add coolant or see a mechanic.

Cruise Control Indicator

When this light is on, cruise control is engaged. Remember to use cruise control only on long, uninterrupted stretches of roadway.

On cars with a manual transmission, the gear shift is actually a stick shift (a handle with a knob at the top).

When using a stick shift, you must learn to synchronize gear shifting with pushing the clutch pedal, which prevents gear clashing when shifting, building up speed, or slowing down.

You must yield the right-of-way to all emergency vehicles using a siren and/or flashing lights.

Where possible, you must pull over to the closest edge of the road. If you are in an intersection, drive through the intersection before pulling over.

If you drive your car very little, gas mileage and maintenance may not be a significant consideration. However, depreciation, insurance, and registration will always be important. If you drive your car a lot, gas mileage and day-to-day repairs will be significant cost considerations.

While it is difficult to estimate the costs of owning and operating a vehicle, you should consider all of these types of costs when making a decision about what type of vehicle to purchase.

Always watch carefully for children near the school bus and those crossing the roadway.

You are not required to stop if the bus is traveling toward you on a roadway that is separated by a median or barrier five or more feet in width.

In crowded downtown areas and suburban neighborhoods, children play in the streets because there may not be parks or playgrounds nearby. You must always yield to children playing in the street or nearby.

You are responsible for driving with extreme caution when children are present. Slow down near schools, playgrounds, and residential areas. The cost of hitting a child is very high—in dollars, grief, and guilt.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines the term "motor-driven cycle" as:

a motorcycle with a motor that produces 5-brake horsepower or less. A motor-driven cycle is exempted from certain requirements that apply to motorcycles. However, drivers of cycles and other vehicles need to understand that similar common-sense rules apply to operating a motor-driven cycle or sharing the road with one.

Worries about school, athletics, dating, jobs, family, etc., are all a part of growing up. More serious issues involving sex, self-esteem, and abuse exist as well.

a young person has no one to turn to, they might turn to alcohol or drugs to seek relief. Unfortunately, the relief is short-lived and often creates problems worse than the ones the person was trying to escape.

The liver's function is to remove poisons (including alcohol) from the body

alcohol may cause illnesses like alcoholic hepatitis (inflammation) or cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver.

Seat belts

defined as active restraints because they work ONLY if you are wearing them. The driver and front seat passengers must wear seat belts. Laws regarding seat belts apply to cars manufactured from 1968 on and trucks manufactured from 1972 to the present.

evaporative emissions system

designed to trap fuel vapors from the fuel tank and fuel lines and store them in the charcoal canister. The purge valve is controlled by the engine management computer and provides engine vacuum to the canister during startup. This draws any stored fuel vapors into the engine where they are burned. Does your vehicle still have the original fuel cap? An incorrect replacement could leak fuel vapors.

The Division of Driver Licenses:

ensures that qualified drivers have the ability to operate a vehicle on state highways. The ultimate goal is to keep standards high and prevent hazardous drivers from operating any motor vehicles.

The clutch pedal

found only in cars with manual transmission. The clutch pedal is located on the floor to the left of the brake pedal. When pressed, it disengages the clutch which eliminates the transmission of power from the engine to the transmission. When released, it smoothly applies power through to the transmission. The clutch must be operated with your left foot, again, with your heel resting on the ground.

A rear-end collision

happens when a vehicle is hit from the back. This type of collision usually occurs when the vehicle behind you is driving too close to your car.

Lights

important because they allow you to see your surroundings, give others a way to see you, and indicate to other road users your next move. Cars are required to have certain lighting fixtures, and these generally have luminosity regulations. Make sure that your vehicle has these fixtures in place and that they are fully functional.

The Division of the Florida Highway Patrol:

is an enforcement sector that patrols state highways and ensures the safety of drivers and citizens while on the road.

The United States Highway System

is an integrated system of roads in the United States numbered within a nationwide grid. These highways are coordinated by the U.S. Department of Transportation.

An Antilock Braking System

keeps your base brakes—whether drum or disc—from locking up. In vehicles not equipped with ABS, the driver can manually pump the brakes to prevent wheel lockup. In vehicles equipped with ABS, the driver's foot remains firmly on the brake pedal, allowing the system to automatically pump the brakes.

The ignition

located either on the side of the steering column or on the dashboard. It is a multifunction switch, into which you insert your key and turn to energize the electrical circuits and activate your starter motor.

The brake pedal

located on the floor to the left of the accelerator. When pressed, it applies the brakes, causing the vehicle to slow down and/or stop. You must use your right foot (heel on ground) to press the pedal and cause the brakes to engage. If your vehicle has standard brakes, the pedal will move a little bit before it resists. If you have power brakes, you do not need to apply as much pressure on the pedal to bring the car to a stop.

air bags

provide vehicle occupants extra protection in a collision. They provide a protective cushion between the person and the steering wheel, dashboard, and windshield. Note that seat belts and air bags are designed to work together, and injuries may occur if seat belts are not used in air-bag-equipped vehicles.

The horn

usually located in a pad at the center of your steering wheel, but in some cars you'll find it as a button on the steering wheel, on the dash, or on the signal lever. Make sure your horn is fully functioning and can be heard at a distance of 200 ft.

Windshield wipers

very important because they allow you to see in rain or snowfall. Functioning windshield wipers are critical in bad driving conditions.

Your hazard lights

warn other drivers of an emergency situation you may be encountering. All four turn signal lights turn on when you activate the hazard lights. Consult your owner's manual for the exact location of the hazard light switch in your car.

There are certain conditions where you should turn on your low-beam headlights:

◦Any time between sunset and sunrise. This includes the evening and the time before sunrise. ◦Any time of rain, smoke, or fog.

Before Entering an Expressway

◦Before you enter the expressway, search the guide signs for the route number and direction or destination. ◦If you try to enter what you THINK is an entrance ramp, and see red and white signs marked DO NOT ENTER or WRONG WAY, immediately pull over to the edge, turn around, and leave the ramp.

If traveling in a two-lane road with traffic coming from the opposite direction, you may not pass other vehicles in the following circumstances or else you may be cited. You may even be arrested:

◦If you are at an intersection. ◦If a DO NOT PASS or NO PASSING ZONE sign is posted. ◦If a solid yellow line is on your side of the center line. ◦When traveling on hills or curves. ◦When traveling within 100 ft of a bridge, tunnel, rail crossing, or viaduct.

The two-second rule should be used to gauge the appropriate distance between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you. To do this:

◦Notice the vehicle ahead of you when it passes a marker such as a sign, mailbox, or other fixed point. ◦Count (in seconds) the time it takes you to reach the same point. ◦You are too close if you reach the same point in less than two seconds. Reduce your speed and follow the same procedure to check again. ◦Adjust the time and distance in poor weather or road conditions or when following a trailer or recreational vehicle. You will need more time to react in these situations.

According to the Florida Driver's Handbook, the following parking actions can be considered illegal.

◦On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street (double parking) ◦On a crosswalk ◦On a sidewalk ◦In front of a driveway ◦By yellow curbs painted or where NO PARKING signs are posted ◦In an intersection ◦Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant

Reducing risk in merging areas:

◦Search ahead and to the side ◦Prepare to blend speed with traffic ◦Watch for traffic changing lanes at merge points

Reducing risk on the entrance ramp:

◦Search for the proper entrance ◦Search ahead and behind you, and traffic on the expressway ◦Prepare to adjust speed for a blocked ramp ◦Avoid stopping on ramp

Some special situations include:

◦The common-use "weave" lane can provide both an entrance and an exit for an expressway. Drivers entering the "acceleration" ("weave") lane from the entrance ramp shall yield the right-of-way to exiting traffic. ◦Short deceleration lane—some deceleration lanes may be shorter than others, requiring you to slow more quickly in these situations. Be sure to check your rear zone for traffic.

There are special rules regarding parking for disabled persons.

◦Vehicles used by disabled people are exempt from parking fees when parked on a public street, highway, or meter. These vehicles are required to display a valid disabled person placard (with the international symbol of accessibility) that is visible from the front and the back. ◦Placards must be obtained from a tag agent or tax collector and must be renewed every four years. ◦Disabled persons should park in reserved disabled person spaces marked by the wheelchair symbol and signs. Vehicles parked in these spaces illegally will be ticketed and may be towed.

According to the Florida Driver's Handbook, the following parking actions can be considered illegal.

◦Within 20 ft of an intersection. ◦Within 20 ft of the entrance to a fire, ambulance or rescue squad station. ◦Within 50 ft of a railroad crossing. ◦On the hard surface of a highway where parking spaces are not marked. ◦On any bridge, overpass, or in any tunnel. ◦Within 30 ft of a rural mail box on a state highway between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. ◦Within 30 ft of any flashing signal, stop sign or traffic signal. ◦In such a way that you block or create a hazard for other vehicles.