drug therapy to decrease histamine effects and allergic response

A patient who suffers from allergies to grass and mold is getting ready to cut grass. Prior to cutting grass, he takes cetirizine (Zyrtec). When will the patient expect the medication to reach maximum effects? A) 1 hour B) 2 to 3 hours C) 8 to 12 hours D) 12 to 24 hours

A) 1 hour

An unlicensed care provider administered Benadryl to an elderly resident who has been suffering from seasonal pollen allergies. Which of the following assessment findings should prompt the nurse at the facility to suspect that the resident is experiencing anticholinergic effects of this drug? A) Blurry vision B) Tinnitus C) Wheezing on expiration D) Urticaria

A) Blurry vision

A patient is having an allergic reaction to mold. The patient describes chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Which of the following body effects is occurring? A) Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi B) Suppression of the vagus nerve endings producing tachycardia C) Decreased permeability of the veins and capillaries D) Decreased secretion of the mucous glands

A) Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi

A patient is being administered epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis. This patient is experiencing what type of hypersensitivity reaction? A) Type I B) Type II C) Type III D) Type IV

A) Type I

A patient is diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is causing allergic rhinitis? A) Type I B) Type II C) Type III D) Type IV

A) Type I

An elderly patient is given diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for allergic response to mold. The nurse should consequently assess the patient for A) anticholinergic effects. B) dysrhythmias. C) increased muscle tone. D) respiratory depression.

A) anticholinergic effects

A patient with a long-standing history of seasonal allergies has sought care during the spring and been advised to take a second-generation antihistamine. Which of the patient's following statements suggests a need for the nurse to perform health education? A) "I know these can be a bit expensive, but hopefully it will be worth it for me." B) "I'm really hoping that these pills will cure my allergies before summer starts." C) "I'll check with my doctor to make sure that the diet supplements I'm taking are okay to take at the same time as these pills." D) "It's handy that I don't necessarily have to take these pills at bedtime."

B) "I'm really hoping that these pills will cure my allergies before summer starts.

An adult patient has questioned whether fexofenadine (Allegra) would be preferable to the first-generation H1 receptor antagonists that he has long taken in the treatment of his environmental allergies. When describing the benefits of second-generation drugs such as Allegra, the nurse should cite what advantage? A) Lower cost B) Decreased sedation C) Absence of adverse effects D) Once-weekly dosing

B) Decreased sedation

A hospital patient is complaining of nausea and vomiting that has failed to respond to first-line antiemetics. Which of the following medications may be administered for the treatment of nausea and vomiting? A) First-generation antihistamine agent: chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) B) First-generation antihistamine agent: hydroxyzine (Vistaril) C) Second-generation antihistamine agent: loratadine (Claritin) D) Second-generation antihistamine agent: cetirizine (Zyrtec)

B) First-generation antihistamine agent: hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

A patient has been suffering from repeated sinus infections and is diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. The patient is prescribed a first-generation H1 receptor antagonist. What is one of the effects of this medication? A) It depletes norepinephrine and serotonin. B) It decreases capillary permeability. C) It catalyzes the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid. D) It raises the seizure threshold by impairing vitamin D.

B) It decreases capillary permeability.

A gerontological nurse has encouraged a group of caregivers who work with older adults to avoid administering first-generation H1 receptor antagonists to these patients. The nurse's cautionary message is an acknowledgment of what possible nursing diagnosis? A) Risk for infection related to adverse effects of antihistamines B) Risk for falls related to sedation C) Risk for deficient fluid volume related to diuresis D) Risk for impaired skin integrity related to urticaria

B) Risk for falls related to sedation

A patient is instructed to take diphenhydramine (Benadryl) after an allergic reaction. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates successful teaching concerning the safe and effective use of diphenhydramine? A) "I will still be able to have my after-dinner drink with this medication." B) "I will eat a diet low in sodium while taking this medication." C) "I should not drive my car after taking this medication." D) "I can take this medication every 2 hours until I feel better."

C) "I should not drive my car after taking this medication."

A patient is experiencing allergy symptoms after being exposed to environmental dust. This reaction involves the action of histamine, which is released by what cells? A) Lymphocytes B) CD4 T cells C) Basophils D) Platelets

C) Basophils

An adult patient has complained to the nurse that she has been experiencing a dry mouth and urinary retention after several nights of taking an OTC sleep aid. The nurse should suspect that this medication contains what antihistamine? A) Loratadine (Claritin) B) Promethazine (Phenergan) C) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) D) Olopatadine (Patanol)

C) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

. A child is experiencing severe flu-like symptoms with nausea and vomiting and is admitted to the hospital. Which disorder in children will contraindicate the administration of promethazine? A) Chickenpox B) Endocarditis C) Reye's syndrome D) Hypertensive crisis

C) Reye's syndrome

Antihistamines are used to treat nasal congestion. Which of the following patients should not be administered an antihistamine? A) A male patient with Parkinson's disease B) A female patient with asthma C) A male patient with diabetes mellitus D) A male patient with prostatic hypertrophy

D) A male patient with prostatic hypertrophy

A patient is scheduled to receive one unit of packed red blood cells. The patient states that she has had an allergic reaction to a transfusion in the past. What class of medication will assist in preventing a reaction to the packed red blood cell transfusion? A) Antipyretics B) Antimicrobials C) Antianginals D) Antihistamines

D) Antihistamines

A patient is stung by a bee. What is the chemical mediator released in immune and inflammatory response to the bee sting? A) Norepinephrine B) Mast cells C) Epinephrine D) Histamine

D) Histamine

A patient has been taking cephalexin (Keflex) for an upper respiratory infection. On the seventh day of treatment, the patient develops myalgia and fever. What reaction is the patient likely having? A) The patient has developed a new infection. B) The patient has developed an autoimmune disease. C) The patient has become septic. D) The patient has serum sickness

D) The patient has serum sickness

A second-generation H1 receptor antagonist antihistamine formulated as a nasal spray for topical use is A) chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton). B) clemastine (Tavist). C) cyproheptadine (Periactin). D) azelastine (Astelin).

D) azelastine (Astelin).