DSGD 176A - "The Four" (Glasgow, Scotland); Vienna Secession and Graphic Design (Vienna, Austria)

Scotland in 18th-19th century

-18th-early 19th century - Profits from iron and steel. Steel locomotives made Scotland get goods from other places -Late 19th century - Industrial and economic boom -1750-1800 - High increase in commerce -Queen Victoria travels here -Balmoral tradition: Looking back at old images of Scotland based on loyalties and highland rituals - creation of cultural identity -Realist traditional style in painting of working class subjects, identifying themselves

Wiener Werkstätte

-Collaborative group of designers, public and craftsmen -Co-directors Hoffman and Moser founded May 1903 -Produces high quality goods for homes and total works of art -Goal: Make decorative arts as a fine art and rise prestige of craftsmen -Against: Low quality mass production which harms craftsmen prestige -Graphic art production publicizes new events and ideas - stationary, postcards, book designs

Margaret Macdonald, Panel on desk, 1902

-Fertility and motherhood symbols of women - Bulbous forms, 2 infants on side of woman's head, roses - similar to Venus of Willendorf -Symmetrical balance composition

Koloman Moser

-Founder and Member of Vienna Secessionists -Founder of Wiener Werkstätte -Style: Matches text with composition

Josef Hoffmann

-Member of Vienna Secessionists -Founder of Wiener Werkstätte -Style: Away from traditional ornamentation, 3D work, architecture

Gustav Klimt

-Member of Vienna Secessionists -Style: Filled with geometric decoration (horror vacui) and golden material -Style inspired by San Vitale's murals

Margaret Macdonald

-Member of the Four -Challenges unequal role of women in society -Spreads idea of 'the new woman" - Symbols of motherhood and fertility -Clients - wealthy women

Frances Macdonald

-Member of the Four -Spreads idea of "the new woman" - as struggles of not being able to be fertile and part of motherhood -Watercolor work mostly destroyed by Herbert McNair after her death

The House For An Art Lover, Glasgow, 1989-96 to a 1901 Charles Rennie Mackintosh design

-Naturalism - blue, green colors, forms -Beardsley style - thin interlacing lines, naturalism

Franz Wacik, The Vienna Secession poster, 1912, chromolithograph

-Woman model - with mask, not sexualized, wants to entertain which makes viewers to want to come to event, wealthy class -Red - catch attention -Simple color palette -negative space -Intentional hard-to-read font: Make people spend more time to observe poster as an art piece

Frances MacDonald 'Prudence and Desire', after 1911, Pencil and watercolor

-Woman represented desexualized - no purpose of fertility and womanhood -2 men looking at woman representing prudence and desire -Naturalism - dark brown, red and green, thin lines -Geometric patterns of checkerboard

Vienna Secessionists

Begins 1897 when group of artists withdrew from Vienna artist association -Revolts against Art Nouveau movement -Style: Lines and muted natural colors influenced by Glasgow school/The Four and English illustrators (Beardsley) and Mackintosh, geometric, repetition, unreadable text to make viewers stay and observe it as piece of art -1898-1903 - Ver Sacrum publication - spreads ideas of unifying arts -1905 - Group split and new radical group made for art to not include natural world -1903-1932 - Wiener Werkstätte/Vienna Workshop made by group of members who go to Great Britain to meet with Mackintosh to see Guild of Handicraft and decided to make own workshop

Charles Mackintosh

Member of the The Four - believes style is natural form

The Four

Scottish movement formed in late 18th century for 15-20 years, -Resulted from: British Arts and Crafts from William Morris and Glasgow school -4 principle members: Charles Mackintosh, Herbert MacNair, Margaret and Frances Macdonald -Ideas: from Francis Newberry, the headmaster of Glasgow school, who brought British Arts and Crafts ideas to Scotland - formal tradition, crafts of woodcarving, glass etc -Characteristics: Growth of professional woman artists, promotes naturalism and womanhood

Monogram for Artists of the Vienna Secession. 1902

Signature designs representing their work and style