EADP 3035 Final Exam 2

Project Impact

-Encouraged involvement of all sectors of a community in emergency management & mitigation activities. -Attempted to foster public-private partnerships for community-wide mitigation planning. 1. Identify and build constructive partnerships within communities. 2. Identify and examine potential risks for disasters. 3. Guides communities with targeting financial resources. 4. Emphasized community resilience.

Benefit Cost Review

-BCR -Includes the qualitative benefits of implementing a particular action. 1.Quality of life, natural benefits, etc.

Repetitive Loss Properties

those with 2 or more losses of at least $1000 each have been paid under NFIP within any 10 year period since 1978.

Stafford Act

-Constitutes the statutory authority for most Federal disaster response activities especially as they pertain to FEMA and FEMA programs. 1. Amended by the Disaster Mitigation Act 2000 (DMA) -44 Code of Federal Regulations 201 1. Section 203 - Pre-disaster Hazard Mitigation 2. Section 322 - Mitigation Planning 3. Section 404 - Hazard Mitigation

Emergency Operations Plan

-A plan which guides emergency responders when prompt and effective response actions are needed. 1. Emergency Assessment 2. Hazard Operations 3. Population Protection 4. Incident Management

Vulnerability Assessment

-A systematic and methodical evaluation of the exposure of assets to attackers, forces of nature, or any other entity that is a potential harm. - Inventory Assets and Population

*Disaster Mitigation Act 2000

-Amended the Stafford Act -Purpose: streamline administration of disaster relief and control federal costs

THIRA

-An assessment that allows jurisdictions to examine and understand it's treats and vulnerabilities to hazards and how the impacts may vary according to time of occurrence, season, location, and other community factors. -Must have completed a THIRA in order to be eligible for preparedness grants. -Expands risk assessment portion of hazard mitigation plan. -Assess changes in community annually

Benefit Cost Analysis

-BCA -Quantitative procedure that assesses the desirability of a hazard mitigation project by taking a long-term view of avoided future damages to insurable structures as compared to the cost of the project.

Role of State Hazard Mitigation Officer

-Every state has a SHMO. -Most states depend on federal funding to carry out activities. 1. HMGP 2. FMA 3. PDMP -State funding is often unpredictable and varies. -Most states depend on disaster-based funding for the majority of mitigation programs. -A higher degree of coordination and integration is required at the state level. 1. Mitigation plan must cover entire state. -State required to provide guidance and assistance to local communities in development of hazard mitigation plans. 1. Training workshops 2. Information sessions on risk assessments 3. Sessions on hazard mitigation planning principles 4. Planning assistance materials 5. Provide data sets for local governments

Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (3 components/types of grants)

-Goal: Reduce of eliminate the long-term risk of flood, damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other structures under the NFIP. -Three types of grants available: 1. Planning Grants 2. Project Grants 3. Management Cost Grants -projects: Property acquisition, Property relocation, Dry Floodproofing, Minor Localized Flood Reduction Projects, Hazard Mitigation Planning, Management Costs

HAZUS-MH

-Hazards U.S. -computer modeling system developed by FEMA to estimate losses from earthquake hazards, high winds, and flooding. 1. Physical damage 2. Economic loss 3. Social impacts

State Insurance Laws

-In most states, insurance laws require that premiums: 1. Not be excessive 2. Not be inadequate 3. Not be unfair or discriminatory -Many states have created state-mandated pools to serve as a last resort for property owners when coverage is not readily available from private insurers. -Insurance is generally available for some but not all disaster perils. -Usually a high deductible. -The vast majority of homeowners go bare when it comes to some aspect of catastrophic coverage.

National Preparedness Report

-NATION IS STRONGER!! -Summarizes progress in our Five Mission Areas

Consequences of not having a plan

-Only emergency assistance will be provided. -Public Assistance limited: 1. Debris removal and protective measures covered 2. Activities considered permanent restorative work will not be covered. 3. Funds will not be available to restore roads, bridges, water control facilities, public buildings, public utilities, and other damaged facilities. -State will not be eligible for Individual and Family Grant Assistance. 1. Citizens will not get funds to repair homes/replace property. -State not eligible for HMGP. -State not eligible for Fire Suppression Assistance Program Grants.

Community Rating System (CRS)

-Provides reduced NFIP premiums to policyholders in communities that undertake specified measures to reduce flood hazard risk. -4 Categories of Credit 1. Public information 2. Mapping and regulation 3. Flood damage reduction 4. Flood preparedness

Risk Assessment

-Risk: The potential losses associated with a hazard, defined in terms of expected probability and frequency, exposure and consequences. -Steps: 1. Identifying Hazards 2. Profile Hazard Events 3. Inventory Assets and Population (Impact and Vulnerability Assessment) 4. Estimate Losses 5. Describe Land Uses and Development Trends 6. Form Conclusions (Determine Acceptability)

SLOSH

-Sea, Lakes, Overland, Surges from Hurricanes Model -Computerized model developed by National Weather Service to estimate storm surge depths resulting from historical, hypothetical, or predicted hurricanes. 1. Storm's pressure 2. Size 3. Forward speed 4. Forecast track 5. Wind speeds

National Preparedness Goal

-September 2011 -"A secure and resilient nation with the capabilities required across the whole community to prevent, protect against, mitigate, respond to, and recover from the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk." -Misson Areas 1. Prevention 2. Protection 3. Mitigation 4. Response 5. Recovery

Sustainable development

-Sometimes the best opportunity for encouraging a sustainable approach to community life arises after a major disaster. -For a successful recovery, timelines need to be adjusted for long-term sustainable recovery and vulnerability reduction. 1. Economic Vitality -A resilient community can better withstand the negative economic effects of a disaster. -Communities can undertake a wide variety of hazard mitigation activities to protect the local tax base and ensure job security. 2. Social Equity -Poverty, in particular, along with its associated racial and ethnic undertones, increases an individual's vulnerability, as well as the vulnerability of the community as a whole. -Defining an acceptable level of risk will revolve around policy decisions, including decisions related to funding. -Sustainable communities also recognize that natural systems do not necessarily correspond to political boundaries. -Green infrastructure is a strategic approach to conservation that addresses the negative impacts of sprawl and the accelerated consumption of open land.

Plan update cycles

-States=3 years -Local=5 years

Building Codes

-a collection of laws, regulations, ordinances, or other statutory requirements adopted by a government that controls the physical structure of a building. -Establish the minimum acceptable standards of construction necessary to preserve public health, safety, and welfare, and to protect the environment. -Deal with structural plumbing, mechanical, and electrical components of a building. -Natural hazards can be addressed through these codes. -For every $1 spent in improved construction costs, there is a long-term savings of $3 to $16 dollars.

Writing a Mitigation Action Statement

-ex. 1. Proposed Action: Retrofit AISD facilities for wind resistance / safe rooms 2. Background Information a. Site and Location: Austin ISD location and critical facilities b. History of Damages: Austin ISD area schools housed evacuees from Hurricane Ike & also were minimally damaged from hurricane winds. Stronger windows are needed to resist hurricane winds and damage from hail, ice, or flooding during hazard event. c. Hazard(s) Addressed: Hurricane wind, tornado, winter storm, hail, thunderstorm, flood. 3. Mitigation Action Details a. Effect on New / Existing Buildings: This action would strengthen current buildings by making them more resistant to hurricane and high winds. b.Priority: High c. Estimated Cost: $450,000 d. Potential Funding Source: PDM e. Lead Agency/Department Responsible: AISD/TXDEM f. Implementation Schedule: 2013-2014

4 Phases of the hazard mitigation planning process

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Bug out Bag

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Disaster Exercises

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Hazard Preparedness Activities/Kits

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Multijurisdictional vs. Single Jurisdiction plan

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Mitigation Plan Checklist-Key areas

1. Element A -Identify members of your Hazard Mitigation Team (HMT). -Identify team leader: Hazard Mitigation Coordinator (HMC). -Define tasks and responsibilities of HMT and HMC. -Outline the process. -Get organized: How will you collect, access and store hazards data and resources for plan? -Document Everything! 2. Identifying Hazards (B1) -"What kind of hazards can affect this community?" -Only Natural Hazards -Justify Any Omissions 3. Profiling Hazards (Element B1 and B2) -In profiling the hazard, the plan author must explain how each hazard affects the community by discussing: a. Location affected by each hazard. -Clearly identify which areas of the community are vulnerable to damage by each hazard. -Show locations using maps -Maps must be clear, accurate and readable. -Don't try to show too much on one map. -Be sure to state when the entire planning area is affected equally by a hazard. b. Extent of each hazard: How severe is it? -A hazard profile must explain the extent of each hazard, meaning the anticipated severity and magnitude of that hazard. 1. Magnitude- a measure of strength of an event 2. Intensity - a measure of the effects of a hazard in a particular place. c. Previous hazard events in the community. -Each hazard profile should clearly explain previous occurrences of that hazard by jurisdiction. -Should include - as complete as possible: dates of events, types of damages incurred, and the duration of the event. d. Probability of the hazard occurring again. -Some hazards are more likely to occur in a particular community than others. -Probability- A statistical measure of the likelihood that a hazard will occur. 1. It is not a prediction! a. For each hazard, need estimate of the probability of future occurrences. b. If the probability is the same for each jurisdiction, you need to state this. c. Probability is based on regional data and local historical evidence. d. Recurrence interval: time between hazard events of similar size in a given location. 4. Impact and Community Vulnerability (Element B3) -Summarize the impact of each hazard (for each community) 1. Types of structures damaged 2. Special populations impacted 3. Total population affected 4. Physical damage 5. Response costs (est.) 6. Community economic losses. 7. Anything else of value to the community should be included. 5. New: NFIP Insured Structures (B4) -The plan must address NFIP insured structures within in each jurisdiction that has experienced repetitive loss. -Repetitive Loss Properties -Severe Repetitive Loss

Mitigation Goals and Actions

1. Goals: general guidelines that describe what the community hopes to achieve. -Are usually broad, policy-type statements, long term, and represent a global vision. -Examples: Reduce the vulnerability of flooding in community. Minimize wildfire losses. Protect the local economy from the impacts of future hazard events. 2. Mitigation Action: Specific proposals for reaching mitigation goals. -Articulate how goals will be attained. 1. Create and distribute education brochure about wildfire hazard. 2. Develop brush clearing program to facilitate defensible space around homes. 3. Use goats to assist in clearing overgrown areas. -Develop Mitigation Actions Steps 1. Brainstorm ideas. 2. Select and prioritize mitigation actions. 3. Form selection criteria. 4. Select mitigation actions.

5 Mitigation Grant Programs Discussed in class (types of projects funded, purpose of grants, eligibility, etc.)

1. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) -Provides states and local governments grants to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after a disaster declaration. -Largest source for federal funding for state and local mitigation activities. -Up to 75% federal funding for eligible costs. -25% must be paid by applicant. -The program may provide a state with up to 15 percent of the total disaster grants awarded by FEMA (Maxing at 2 billion in total disaster grant availability) -Eligibility: Must have an approved hazard mitigation plan. Must be in good standing with the NFIP program. -ex. Property Acquisition and Relocation, Structure Elevation, Flood Dryproofing, Minor Localized Flood Reduction Project, Safe Room (Community Shelters), Infrastructure Retrofit, Wildfire Mitigation Post -Disaster Code Enforcement, 5% Initiative Project 2. Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program -Provides funds to states, territories, Indian tribal governments, communities, and universities for hazard mitigation planning and the implementation of mitigation projects prior to a disaster event. -Do not need a disaster declaration to be eligible. -Federal share: 75% State/Local share :25% -ex. Property Acquisition and Relocation, Structure Elevation, Dry Floodproofing, Wildfire Mitigation, Mitigation Planning, Safe room/Community Shelter, Seismic retrofit 3. Flood Mitigation Assistance Program -Goal: Reduce of eliminate the long-term risk of flood, damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other structures under the NFIP. -Three types of grants available: 1. Planning Grants 2. Project Grants 3. Management Cost Grants -ex. Property acquisition, Property relocation, Dry Floodproofing, Minor Localized Flood Reduction Projects, Hazard Mitigation Planning, Management Costs 4. Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) -Goal is to reduce flood loss to individual properties for which one or more claims through NFIP Program. -75% fed match, 25% local match. (But 100% possible) -Eligibility: One or more flood loss claims through NFIP. -ex. Property Acquisition, Property Relocation, Structure Elevation, Dry Floodproofing, Management Costs 5. Severe Repetitive Loss -Goal is to reduce flood damage to residential properties that have experienced severe repetitive losses under flood insurance coverage. -Eligibility: At least 4 of 5 NFIP claims over $5000 each or two separate payments exceeding market value of building

STAPLE/E

1. Social 2. Technical 3. Administrative 4. Political 5. Legal 6. Economic 7. Environmental

Land Use Planning

Land use regulations are most effective when carried out through a careful planning process. -Undeveloped: usually easier to implement policy. -Developed: can still be effective if thought out and enforced.

PPD-8

Presidential Policy Directive 8 -PDD-8 is organized around 6 elements. 1. National Preparedness Goal 2. National Preparedness System 3. National Planning Framework and 4. Federal Interagency Operational Plans 5. Annual National Preparedness Report 6. Ongoing effort to build and sustain preparedness

Extra Credit Answer

Social Hall in the Mountains

State and Local Mitigation Plans

State Planning Challenges -A higher degree of coordination and integration is required at the state level. 1. Mitigation plan must cover entire state. -State required to provide guidance and assistance to local communities in development of hazard mitigation plans. 1. Training workshops 2. Information sessions on risk assessments 3. Sessions on hazard mitigation planning principles 4. Planning assistance materials 5. Provide data sets for local governments Two Levels of Plans 1. Standard plan -States eligible to receive 7.5% of the total disaster assistant amount granted from FEMA to be used for mitigation purposes. 2. Enhanced Plan -State may qualify for a greater percentage of the total amount of disaster assistance to be used for mitigation after disasters. a. Up to 20% of total disaster assistance amount.

NFIP

Three Aspects of NFIP 1. Floodplain identification and mapping. 2. Floodplain management 3. Flood Insurance Keep FIRMS Current -Map Modernization Program - developed to update and digitize the entire U.S. floodplain inventory. a. 1 billion dollar cost b. Estimate to prevent $45 billion in losses over the next 50 years. c. Problem is that many communities will still be using out-of-date flood maps when determining standards for future development in the floodplains.

Severe Repetitive Loss Property

residential properties that have at least 4 NFIP payments over $5,000 each and the cumulative amount of such claims exceeds $20,000, or at least two separate claim payments within the cumulative amount exceeding the market value of the building.

Preparedness vs. Mitigation

mitigation: preparedness: Activities to improve the ability to respond quickly in the immediate aftermath of an incident