EAPS EXAM 2

What do you call the location where new oceanic plates are create?

A mid-ocean ridge

What do you call the location where an ocean plate dives back into the interior of the Earth?

A subduction zone

What happens when an object a moving object hits something and is suddenly stopped?

All the above

Which of the following is not required for a planet to generate a magnetic field (planetary dynamo)?

All the above are required

Why do Mercury and Venus have weak or no magnetic fields?

Because they have very slow spin rates

What protects Earth from the charged particles of the solar wind?

Both the magnetic field and the atmosphere

What is the source of heating from radioactive decay?

Collisions of emitted particles

The Earth's mantle is a solid (its temperature is less than its melting temperature). How does it transfer heat from the core toward the surface?

Convection

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 1. Question 2. Watch the Unit 5 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Which will cause hot, but still solid, rocks to melt?

Decreasing pressure

What is meant by primordial heating?

Heating that only occurs during planet formation

Which is not a plausible explanation of why Venus does not experience plate tectonics like Earth?

It is smaller than Earth

Which of the following processes might a single plate planet still experience?

Mantle convection

What material layer powers the magnetic fields of Jupiter and Saturn?

Metallic hydrogen

What is a consequence of the cooling of Pluto's subsurface ocean?

Normal faulting on its surface

What is the only means by which a body can shed its heat to space?

Radiative heat transfer

What do you call the warm, weak region that flows like a viscous fluid and enables tectonic plates to be mobile?

The asthenosphere

What do you call the strong outer layer of a planet, containing both crust and cold uppermost mantle, that comprises a tectonic plate?

The lithosphere

How does convection transfer heat?

Through the motion of buoyant volumes

What is a consequence of the cooling of the interiors of Mercury and the Moon?

Thrust faulting on their surfaces

What material layer powers the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune?

Water mixed with ammonia

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 6. Question 8. Watch the Unit 6 Part 6 lecture video and answer the following question: How many tracked near-Earth asteroids of significant size (≥ 10 m) have a significant chance (> 1/300) of hitting the Earth in the next several hundred years?

a. 0

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 3. Question 8. Watch the Unit 6 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: How far does an ejecta blanket (i.e., continuous ejecta, not crater rays) usually extend beyond a crater rim?

a. 1 crater diameter

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 2. Question 9. Watch the Unit 5 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: What is it called when lava flows out of a volcano unexplosively?

a. An effusive eruption

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 5. Question 5. Watch the Unit 6 Part 5 lecture video and answer the following question: Why is a lot of iridium evidence of an asteroid impact?

a. Because asteroids have much more iridium than normally found on Earth's surface

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 5. Question 9. Watch the Unit 5 Part 5 lecture video and answer the following question: What is the evidence of cryovolcanism on Neptune's moon Triton?

a. Dark streaks across its surface are nitrogen ice deposits from cryovolcanism.

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 6. Question 10. Watch the Unit 6 Part 6 lecture video and answer the following question: Which of these is not a potential strategy for changing the orbit of an asteroid on a collision course with Earth?

a. Focus solar energy to create thrust from the resulting sublimation of ice

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 2. Question 5. Watch the Unit 6 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Which craters are circular, bowl-shaped depressions, that are partially filled with impact breccia?

a. Simple craters

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 3. Question 2. Watch the Unit 5 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: How do we know that Venus was completely resurfaced by volcanism ~500 million years ago?

a. The uniform distribution of impact craters

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 4. Question 5. Watch the Unit 5 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: How does a Caldera form?

a. When the ground collapses due to an emptying magma chamber.

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 1. Question 2. Watch the Unit 6 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: With the Earth's mass (gravity) so much larger than the Mercury's, why do asteroids hit Mercury with higher velocities?

b. Because Mercury is much closer to the Sun.

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 4. Question 2. Watch the Unit 6 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: Why does the Kentland Crater in Indiana not look like an impact crater?

b. Because the top of the crater was removed by glaciation

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 3. Question 4. Watch the Unit 5 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: How do we know that the mare basalt that fills large impact basins on the Moon are much younger than the impact basins themselves?

b. By having less impact craters than the surrounding regions

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 2. Question 6. Watch the Unit 6 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Which craters have flat floors, a central peak, and terraced rims?

b. Complex craters

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 6. Question 9. Watch the Unit 6 Part 6 lecture video and answer the following question: What is our best strategy to avoid an extinction level size asteroid from hitting the Earth?

b. Deflect it

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 1. Question 5. Watch the Unit 5 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What causes hot rocks to melt at hotspots?

b. Depressurized melting

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 1. Question 6. Watch the Unit 5 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What happens when a tectonic plate moves over a hotspot?

b. It causes a chain of volcanoes to be formed

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 2. Question 8. Watch the Unit 5 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Which kind of volcano forms by alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic flows?

b. Stratovolcanoes

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 1. Question 4. Watch the Unit 5 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: In which type of tectonic setting is magma generated by hydration induced melting?

b. Subduction zones

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 4. Question 1. Watch the Unit 6 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: What are there more impact craters on the Moon compared to the Earth?

b. The Moon has no erosional processes to remove impact craters.

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 4. Question 7. Watch the Unit 5 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: In which part of the eruption column does ash rise because of buoyancy?

b. The convective ascent region

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 5. Question 8. Watch the Unit 5 Part 5 lecture video and answer the following question: What is cryovolcanism?

b. The eruption of water or ices out of a volcano instead of molten rock.

Which way will the north magnetic side of a compass point to on Earth?

b. To the geographic north, since that is where Earth's magnetic south pole resides. a. To the geographic north, since that is where Earth's magnetic north pole resides. d. To the geographic south, since that is where Earth's magnetic south pole resides.

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 2. Question 7. Watch the Unit 5 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: What parameter measures the resistance of a fluid to flow??

b. Viscosity

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 6. Question 7. Watch the Unit 6 Part 6 lecture video and answer the following question: About how many Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) larger than 1 km in diameter are we currently tracking?

c. 1000

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 4. Question 6. Watch the Unit 5 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: What feature on Io overloaded the infrared camera on the Galileo spacecraft.

c. A lava fountain

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 1. Question 4. Watch the Unit 6 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: When does a transient crater form?

c. At the end of the excavation stage

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 5. Question 10. Watch the Unit 5 Part 5 lecture video and answer the following question: What is the easiest way to sample the subsurface ocean of Enceladus?

c. By sampling Saturn's E-ring

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 5. Question 6. Watch the Unit 6 Part 5 lecture video and answer the following question: How was the Chicxulub Crater found?

c. From gravity data

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 1. Question 3. Watch the Unit 5 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Which type of volcanism is observed to occur on the other terrestrial planets?

c. Hot spot volcanism

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 1. Question 1. Watch the Unit 5 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Which of the following is not true?

c. Tectonic plates float on an ocean of molten rock

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 3. Question 10. Watch the Unit 6 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: What does bright ejecta on the Moon mean regarding an impact crater?

c. That the impact crater is relatively young

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 1. Question 1. Watch the Unit 6 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: What does the minimum impact velocity of an asteroid depend on?

c. The escape velocity of the target planet

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 3. Question 9. Watch the Unit 6 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: Which type of impact angles lead to butterfly ejecta patterns?

c. Those from very low angles (< 15 degrees).

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 5. Question 4. Watch the Unit 6 Part 5 lecture video and answer the following question: What percent of species on Earth died off at the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event?

c. ~75%

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 3. Question 3. Watch the Unit 5 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: In comparison to Hawaii (Mauna Kea), Olympus Mons on Mars is a much bigger hot spot volcano. Which of the following helps volcanoes grow larger on Mars?

d. All of the above

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 1. Question 3. Watch the Unit 6 Part 1 lecture video and answer the following question: Why are impact craters generally 10-30 times bigger than the impactor itself and almost always round?

d. All the above

Quiz 12: Unit 6. Part 4. Question 3. Watch the Unit 6 Part 4 lecture video and answer the following question: Why is shocked quartz evidence of an asteroid impact?

d. Because it shows evidence of the passage of a shock wave

Quiz 10: Unit 5. Part 3. Question 1. Watch the Unit 5 Part 3 lecture video and answer the following question: Why are Mercury, Venus, and Mars covered by giant flood basalt while the Earth is not?

d. Because they do not have plate tectonics to shed interior heat

Quiz 11: Unit 6. Part 2. Question 7. Watch the Unit 6 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Which are the largest impact craters?

d. Multi-ring basins

Quiz 9: Unit 5. Part 2. Question 10. Watch the Unit 5 Part 2 lecture video and answer the following question: Which combination of magma viscosity and gas content is most likely to lead to explosive volcanic eruptions?

d. high viscosity, high gas content