EAQ Cancer: Prevention and Detection

The registered nurse is explaining to a student nurse about the risk of different types of cancer associated with the alteration of specific tumor suppressor genes. Which statement made by the student nurse demonstrates the need for further education? Multiple choice question " p53 tumor suppressor gene alteration increases the risk for liver cancer." " APC tumor suppressor gene alteration increases the risk for lung cancer." " BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene alteration increases the risk for breast cancer." " BRCA2 tumor suppressor gene alteration increases the risk for ovarian cancer."

" APC tumor suppressor gene alteration increases the risk for lung cancer."

The nurse is conducting a teaching session for a patient who will have a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy to determine the presence of cancer cells. Which is the most appropriate statement by the nurse? Multiple choice question "A core piece of tissue is removed and preserved for analysis." "You will have a surgical procedure to remove the entire lesion." "You will have a partial excision of the lesion using a dermal punch." "A small-gauge needle is used to remove cells for cytologic examination."

"A small-gauge needle is used to remove cells for cytologic examination."

The family of an African American patient with a recent diagnosis of late-stage cancer is asking the nurse whether cancer is related to their race. Which response by the nurse correctly reflects the cancer incidence in relation to racial disparities? Multiple choice question "Sadly, racial disparities related to cancer death rates are increasing." "Cancer rates for African American women are much higher than those for white women." "African Americans are generally at a later stage of cancer when they receive a diagnosis." "The rates of cancer for African American men is high, but cancer rates are much higher for Native American men."

"African Americans are generally at a later stage of cancer when they receive a diagnosis."

Which question should the nurse include in the health history interview to determine if a patient is at risk for cancer due to a chemical carcinogen? Multiple choice question "What foods are in your diet?" "Have you received the hepatitis B vaccination?" "Are you exposed to benzene through your occupation?" "Do you use sunscreen when exposed to sunlight for large periods of time?"

"Are you exposed to benzene through your occupation?"

The nurse is providing care to a patient with a family history of breast cancer. Which assessment question to determine the patient's genetic risk is most appropriate? Multiple choice question "Do you conduct self-breast examinations?" "Do you know your breast cancer gene (BRAC) status?" "Have you ever had a suspicious mammogram of your breast?" "Have you ever noted dimpling when conducting a breast exam?"

"Do you know your breast cancer gene (BRAC) status?"

Which question should the nurse include in the health history interview to determine if a patient is at risk for cancer due to an exposure to radiation, a carcinogen? Multiple choice question "What foods are in your diet?" "Have you received the hepatitis B vaccination?" "Are you exposed to benzene through your occupation?" "Do you use sunscreen when exposed to sunlight for large periods of time?"

"Do you use sunscreen when exposed to sunlight for large periods of time?"

Which patient statements indicate correct understanding of preventative measures for cancer after a teaching session with the nurse? Multiple selection question "I will limit my alcohol intake." "I will use sunscreen when outdoors." "I will reduce my fatty food consumption." "I will obtain regular colorectal screenings." "I will get regular mammograms as suggested by my doctor."

"I will limit my alcohol intake." "I will use sunscreen when outdoors." "I will reduce my fatty food consumption."

A patient is suspected of having ovarian cancer. What oncofetal antigen does the nurse anticipate seeing when the laboratory results return? Multiple choice question CA-125 CA-15-3 CA-19-9 CA-27-29

CA-125

Which question should the nurse include in the health history interview to determine if a patient is at risk for cancer due to a viral carcinogen? Multiple choice question "What foods are in your diet?" "Have you received the hepatitis B vaccination?" "Are you exposed to benzene through your occupation?" "Do you use sunscreen when exposed to sunlight for large periods of time?"

"Have you received the hepatitis B vaccination?"

The nurse is preparing a patient for diagnostic testing for a suspected malignancy. What is the most appropriate statement by the nurse? Multiple choice question "Everyone feels this way." "Let's discuss this more later." "There is probably nothing wrong." "Here is information about the biopsy."

"Here is information about the biopsy."

The nurse is conducting a health history for a patient during an annual physical examination. Which question is appropriate for determining the patient's risk for cancer related to inflammation? Multiple choice question "Are you exposed to radiation at work?" "How many cigarettes do you smoke daily?" "How do you manage your ulcerative colitis?" "Are you prescribed hormone replacement therapy?"

"How do you manage your ulcerative colitis?"

Which patient statement would cause the nurse to perform a focused urinary assessment to determine additional risks for bladder cancer? Multiple selection question "I smoke a pack of cigarettes each day." "My mother used to get kidney stones all the time." "My spouse is being treated for a urinary tract infection." "I drink alcoholic beverages several times each week." "I eat fried chicken and potato salad at least once a week."

"I smoke a pack of cigarettes each day." "I drink alcoholic beverages several times each week.

Which patient statement indicates the need for further education regarding cancer prevention after a teaching session with the outpatient clinic nurse? Multiple choice question "I will reduce stressors in my life." "I will eat a diet that is low in preservatives." "I will get at least six hours of sleep each night." "I will exercise for 20 minutes three days a week."

"I will exercise for 20 minutes three days a week."

The family of a recently admitted female patient are shocked that their mother has received a diagnosis of lung cancer. They ask the nurse whether it is common for women to have lung cancer. What is the nurse's best response? Multiple choice question "Lung cancer has the second highest incidence for both men and women." "Sadly, it is not that unusual; lung cancer has become the leading cancer for women." "It is unusual that your mother would have lung cancer, because fewer women smoke than men." "Lung cancer is not as common in women as colorectal cancer, but more women are receiving this diagnosis."

"Lung cancer has the second highest incidence for both men and women."

Which patient statement would cause the nurse to include cancer prevention strategies within that patient's plan of care? Multiple choice question "I walk 3 miles at least five days a week." "My diet primarily consists of fast food." "I don't drink alcohol because alcoholism runs in my family." "My parents smoked for years, but they quit when I was in high school."

"My diet primarily consists of fast food."

The nurse is explaining cancer cell biology to a student nurse. Which statement may be specifically used with regard to contact inhibition? Multiple choice question "The cell differentiation is unstable." "The cells grow on top of one another." "The cell loses its potential to perform all the body functions." "The cells do not revert back to their previous undifferentiated state."

"The cells grow on top of one another."

Which statements should the nurse include when conducting a teaching session regarding gender differences related to cancer? Multiple selection question "Women are more likely to develop liver cancer than are men." "The mortality rate of lung cancer is higher in men than in women." "More women than men die from cancer-related deaths every year." "The cancer with the highest incidence among men is prostate cancer." "Head and neck cancers occur more frequently in men than in women."

"The mortality rate of lung cancer is higher in men than in women." "The cancer with the highest incidence among men is prostate cancer." "Head and neck cancers occur more frequently in men than in women."

The registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about cancer cell proliferation. Which statement given by the student nurse indicates a need for further teaching? Multiple choice question "The cancer cells respond differently to the intracellular signals." "The rate of proliferation of cancer cells is the same as normal cells." "The rate of proliferation of cancer cells is more rapid than normal cells." "There is an indiscriminate and continuous proliferation of cancer cells."

"The rate of proliferation of cancer cells is more rapid than normal cells."

The community nurse is teaching preventive cancer measures to a group of people. Which statements indicate effective learning by the participants? Multiple selection question "We should sleep for at least four to five hours." "We should avoid smoked and salt-cured meats." "We should exercise for about 30 minutes in a week." "We should add whole grains and fiber foods in our diet." "We should be familiar with our family history regarding health."

"We should avoid smoked and salt-cured meats." "We should add whole grains and fiber foods in our diet." "We should be familiar with our family history regarding health."

The nurse is with a patient who is anxious while waiting for a biopsy for cancer detection. Which statement made by the nurse will help alleviate the anxiety and achieve accurate test results? Multiple choice question "We will talk about the pain during the biopsy procedure." "It's nothing new; every person detected with cancer feels this way." "I know you are anxious, but it is nothing new. You are just over thinking it." "You may have pain during the procedure, but you will receive treatment for it."

"You may have pain during the procedure, but you will receive treatment for it."

The nurse is educating a group of adolescents about prevention of skin cancer. What should the nurse be sure to include regarding sun protection? Multiple choice question "You should use a sunscreen of SPF 5." "You should use a sunscreen of SPF 15." "You should apply this sunscreen only to your face." "You should apply it at least 30 minutes before going out in the day time."

"You should use a sunscreen of SPF 15."

Which statement by the nurse is appropriate when conducting a teaching session for a patient who will have an excisional biopsy to determine the presence of cancer cells? Multiple choice question "A core piece of tissue is removed and preserved for analysis." "You will have a surgical procedure to remove the entire lesion." "You will have a partial excision of the lesion using a dermal punch." "A small-gauge needle is used to remove cells for cytologic examination."

"You will have a surgical procedure to remove the entire lesion."

The primary health care provider prescribes cyclophosphamide to a patient with multiple myeloma. Which complication should the nurse monitor the patient for that can be suspected in this patient? Multiple choice question Kaposi sarcoma Burkitt's lymphoma Squamous cell carcinomas Acute myelogenous leukemia

Acute myelogenous leukemia

Which immune response cells produce antibodies that are often detectable in a cancer patient's serum and saliva? Multiple choice question B cells T cells Macrophages Natural killer cells

B cells

Which diagnostic tool should the nurse include in the plan of care when determining the needs of a patient who is suspected of having leukemia? Multiple choice question BRAC studies Liver function testing Bone marrow aspiration Estrogen and progesterone status

Bone marrow aspiration

The diagnostic reports of a patient indicate cancer in the pancreas and gallbladder. Which oncofetal antigen is specific for this type of cancer? Multiple choice question Carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125) Carbohydrate antigen-19-9 (CA-19-9) Carbohydrate antigen-15-3 (CA-15-3) Carbohydrate antigen-19-9 (CA-27-9)

Carbohydrate antigen-19-9 (CA-19-9)

A patient is diagnosed with stage IV malignant cancer. What anatomic extent of the disease does the nurse determine is present? Multiple choice question Cancer is in situ. Tumor growth is localized. Spread of cancer cells is limited. Cells have undergone metastasis.

Cells have undergone metastasis.

Which data collected by the nurse indicates the patient has a complete carcinogen risk factor for the development of cancer? Multiple choice question Type I obesity Diet high in fat Cigarette smoking Alcohol consumption

Cigarette smoking

The nurse is conducting a community seminar regarding cancer prevention and detection. Which diagnostic tool should the nurse include as one that decreases cancer mortality rate through early detection? Multiple choice question Colonoscopy Polyp excision Fecal occult blood test Culture and sensitivity test

Colonoscopy

Upon reviewing a patient's gene study reports, the primary health care provider finds that there is mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Which risk could this patient face? Multiple choice question Breast cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Esophageal cancer

Colorectal cancer

The nurse is preparing a patient to have a biopsy. What documentation on the surgical permit does the nurse ensure is correct that will improve tissue localization during the procedure? Multiple choice question Craniotomy Thoracotomy Sigmoidoscopy Computed tomography

Computed tomography

A patient is awaiting breast biopsy results. The patient's family history includes a sister and mother with breast cancer. The patient has a history of multiple breast biopsies. Which nursing action will most help alleviate this patient's anxiety? Multiple choice question Reassure her that everyone feels anxious as they await biopsy results. Redirect questions by encouraging her to listen to music while she waits. Let the patient know it is most likely a benign cyst similar to past biopsies. Correct misconceptions by providing evidence-based answers to questions.

Correct misconceptions by providing evidence-based answers to questions.

A nurse is teaching a group of patients who are at high risk of developing cancer due to family history. Which agents should the nurse discuss as being known to be cancer-promoting? Multiple selection question Radiation Dietary fats Chemical agents Cigarette smoking Alcohol consumption

Dietary fats Cigarette smoking Alcohol consumption

Which should the nurse recommend to a patient as a prevention method regarding cancer development? Multiple selection question Eating a diet high in fiber Maintaining a healthy weight Participating in regular exercise Having an annual complete physical Scheduling a colonoscopy upon physician recommendation

Eating a diet high in fiber Maintaining a healthy weight Participating in regular exercise

A patient has been diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma. What does the nurse inform the patient that they most likely have had exposure to? Multiple choice question Bacteria Sun exposure Most chemicals Epstein-Barr virus

Epstein-Barr virus

A patient has a brain tumor. Which biopsy used as a surgical procedure to diagnose and remove the tumor will the nurse prepare the patient for? Multiple choice question Incisional biopsy Excisional biopsy Endoscopic biopsy Percutaneous biopsy

Excisional biopsy

A patient needs surgical removal of the lymph node. Which intervention should the nurse prepare the patient for? Multiple choice question Incisional biopsy Excisional biopsy Large-core biopsy Fine needle aspiration

Excisional biopsy

The nurse is educating a patient about the early detection of cancer. What should the nurse recommend to this patient to facilitate detection? Multiple choice question Eating a diet high in fiber Maintaining a healthy weight Participating in regular exercise Getting routine health screenings

Getting routine health screenings

A patient recently has been diagnosed with stage II cervical cancer. What should the nurse determine regarding the patients diagnosis? Multiple choice question It is in situ. It has metastasized. It has spread locally. It has spread extensively.

It has spread locally.

The nurse is conducting a teaching session within the community regarding cancer prevention and detection. Which type of cancer should the nurse include based on the highest incidence among both men and women? Multiple choice question Lung cancer Thyroid cancer Colorectal cancer Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Lung cancer

Which cancer diagnosis for a female patient is most likely to cause death? Multiple choice question Lung cancer Breast cancer Uterine cancer Pancreatic cancer

Lung cancer

The patient and family are upset that the patient is going through procedures to diagnose cancer. What nursing actions should the nurse use first to facilitate their coping with this situation? Multiple selection question Maintain hope Exhibit a caring attitude Plan realistic long-term goals Give them antianxiety medications Be available to listen to fears and concerns Teach them about all the types of cancer that could be diagnosed

Maintain hope Exhibit a caring attitude Be available to listen to fears and concerns

A cancer patient is undergoing excisional biopsy. Which components does the nurse explain to the patient will undergo examination? Multiple selection question Nodule Lymph node Entire lesion Core of tissue Cells from mass

Nodule Lymph node Entire lesion

When discussing cancer diagnoses with a patient, which should the nurse identify as the only definitive method? Multiple choice question Genetic markers Radiographic studies Pathologic evaluation Endoscopic examination

Pathologic evaluation

The nurse is developing a program for a population with a high incidence of cancer and determines that the male population would benefit. What form of cancer for males should the nurse focus on? Multiple choice question Lung cancer Colon cancer Thyroid cancer Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer

The nurse is caring for a patient awaiting the results of a diagnostic study for cancer. Which nursing intervention can help decrease the patient's anxiety? Multiple choice question Provide written information in simple terms to the patient and family. Assure the patient that everyone who may have cancer feels anxious. Explain the purpose of the diagnostic tests using medical terminology. Encourage the patient to wait until after the diagnosis to discuss questions.

Provide written information in simple terms to the patient and family.

Which term is used when cancer cells produce more than two cells at the time of mitosis? Doubling time Pyramid effect Generation time Contact inhibition

Pyramid effect

The nurse is educating a patient about nutritional methods to decrease the risk of cancer. Which foods should the nurse advise the patient to avoid to decrease the risk of cancer? Multiple selection question Fresh fruit Vegetables Smoked ham Salt-cured meat Poached egg whites

Smoked ham Salt-cured meat

While assessing a patient with breast cancer, the nurse finds that the patient has tender vertebrae and intense back pain, which gets worse when the Valsalva maneuver is applied. Which complication does the nurse expect in the patient? Multiple choice question Third space syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome Spinal cord compression Superior vena cava syndrome

Spinal cord compression

The nurse reviews the medical record of a patient who had a tumor of the skin that has increased in size to 3 cm. What stage does the nurse determine it could potentially be? Multiple choice question T x T 0 T is T 4

T 4

A patient is diagnosed with carcinoma in situ. What tumor classification does the nurse observe on the medication record? Multiple choice question T 0 T is T x T 1-4

T is

A patient is in the promotion stage of cancer development. What action can the nurse take to facilitate cancer prevention? Multiple choice question Teach the patient to exercise daily Teach the patient promoting factors to avoid Tell the patient to have the cancer surgically removed now Teach the patient which vitamins will improve the immune system

Teach the patient promoting factors to avoid

The surgeon uses laparotomy while collecting a tissue sample for cytologic examination. What could be the reason behind this intervention? Multiple choice question The lesion is large. The lesion is superficial. The lesion is not localized. The lesion is not easily accessible.

The lesion is not easily accessible.

The nurse observes that a patient's diagnostic results indicate the presence of a chondrosarcoma. What does the nurse interpret from this finding? Multiple choice question The patient has a malignant tumor in bone. The patient has a benign tumor in nerve cells. The patient has a malignant tumor in cartilage. The patient has a benign tumor in striated muscle.

The patient has a malignant tumor in cartilage.

The diagnostic reports of a patient indicate a benign tumor in the glandular epithelium. What does the nurse document in this patient's medical record? Multiple choice question The patient has an adenoma. The patient has a chondroma. The patient has a meningioma. The patient has a rhabdomyoma.

The patient has an adenoma.

A patient's laboratory report indicates excess human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). What does the nurse interpret from this finding? Multiple choice question The patient has lung cancer. The patient has colon cancer. The patient has breast cancer. The patient has prostate cancer.

The patient has breast cancer.

The nurse is reviewing the histology report of a patient and finds that the patient has grade IV tumors. Which characteristic feature of tumors would be applicable to this patient with grade IV tumors? Multiple choice question Undifferentiated Well differentiated Poorly differentiated Moderately differentiated

Undifferentiated

A patient has an increased risk for liver cancer. What tumor suppressor gene mutation does the nurse observe the patient has? Multiple choice question APC gene p53 gene BRCA1 and BRCA2 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

p53 gene