EAQ Yoost Ch 16
A patient has a cold with mild fever and is advised to rest for 3 days. Which patient statements would come under illness behavior? Select all that apply. 1 "I shouldn't cook dinner for my husband. I don't want him to get sick, too." 2 "I feel fine; I should go shopping." 3 "It's really bad; I have to stay at home, and it's boring." 4 "Maybe I can watch a few of my favorite movies." 5 "I should not forget to do my regular prayer tonight."
1 "I shouldn't cook dinner for my husband. I don't want him to get sick, too." 3 "It's really bad; I have to stay at home, and it's boring." 4 "Maybe I can watch a few of my favorite movies." 5 "I should not forget to do my regular prayer tonight." Illness behavior may include a disease and its effect on the well-being and level of functioning of the patient. Illness behavior includes the way people react to their diagnoses, interpret their symptoms, make decisions to cope, and use resources in the health care system. Exemption from cooking due to illness is an illness behavior. Feeling disappointed about staying home due to illness is an example of illness behavior. Planning to watch movies due to illness is an illness behavior. Planning to pray without fail to help treat the illness is also an illness behavior. Stating that one is feeling fine is not an illness behavior.
Which reactions does the nurse expect to observe in a preschool child in response to a trauma or loss? Select all that apply. 1 Disturbed sleep 2 Physical complaints 3 Regressive behavior 4 Aggressive behavior 5 Delinquent behavior
1 Disturbed sleep 3 Regressive behavior The potential responses to trauma and loss in preschool children include poor concentration, sleep disturbances, regressive behavior, bedwetting, and withdrawal from friends and activities. Physical complaints and delinquent behavior are typical responses of an adolescent to trauma or loss. Aggression, nightmares, and thumb sucking are the potential responses of elementary school children.
Which nursing actions are representative of the "self-efficacy concept" of the Health Belief Model? Select all that apply. 1 Giving verbal reinforcement to make changes 2 Using reminder systems to motivate people 3 Specifying the consequences of noncompliance 4 Explaining the potential positive results of change 5 Receiving training and guidance in performing actions
1 Giving verbal reinforcement to make changes 5 Receiving training and guidance in performing actions The self-efficacy concept describes confidence in one's ability to take action. The nurse helps the patient develop self-efficacy by providing verbal reinforcement. This action helps the patient repeat healthy behaviors and discontinue unhealthy ones. The patient goes through training on health-related practices such as how to make appointments and where to look for health-related information. Using a reminder system helps in providing cues to perform an action. Specifying consequences helps clarify the severity of the disease. The perceived-benefits concept helps explain the effectiveness of taking action to reduce risk and promote positive results.
A nurse determines that a patient is overweight and has a family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Which interventions should be included in primary preventive care? Select all that apply. 1 Instruct the patient to follow a weight-reducing, well-balanced diet. 2 Educate the patient on taking prescribed medications for hypertension. 3 Assess the patient's weight and height to analyze the body mass index. 4 Encourage the patient to do regular exercises and physical activities. 5 Encourage the patient to join a diabetes mellitus management program
1 Instruct the patient to follow a weight-reducing, well-balanced diet. 3 Assess the patient's weight and height to analyze the body mass index. 4 Encourage the patient to do regular exercises and physical activities. Primary prevention is aimed at decreasing risk factors for an illness and promoting lifestyle modifications to delay or prevent the occurrence of a disease. Following a weight-reducing, well-balanced diet helps keep the patient's blood pressure and blood sugar levels in normal ranges and helps prevent hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Assessing the body mass index helps determine the patient's risk for developing chronic illnesses. Regular exercise and physical activity help maintain a healthy weight and decrease the risk factors for hypertension and diabetes. Taking medication for hypertension is a secondary prevention intervention. Encouraging the patient to participate in a diabetes mellitus management program is a tertiary intervention. It helps diabetic patients adopt measures to decrease complications.
A nurse is caring for patients in a postoperative unit. According to holistic health models, which activities should the nurse encourage the patients to perform? Select all that apply. 1 Prayers with family 2 Breathing exercise 3 Relaxation therapy 4 Fulfilling psychosocial need 5 Maintaining proper body image
1 Prayers with family 2 Breathing exercise 3 Relaxation therapy Holistic health models in nursing care are based on the philosophy that a synergistic relationship exists between the body and the environment. Holistic models focus on the interrelatedness of body and mind. Within the holistic model, the nurse recognizes the natural healing ability of the body. The nurse combines conventional medicine along with complementary and alternative therapies, which are effective, economical, and noninvasive. Prayers with family members, breathing exercises, and relaxation therapy are techniques that help in healing the patient naturally using his or her own body's ability. Fulfilling the psychosocial need of the patient comes under the Maslow's Hierarchy Model. Maintaining proper body image is not included in the holistic model.
Which concepts provide a useful framework for implementing the nursing process as explained in the Health Belief Model (HBM)? Select all that apply. 1 Self-efficacy 2 Cues to action 3 Perceived benefits 4 Physical limitations 5 Perceived susceptibility
1 Self-efficacy 2 Cues to action 3 Perceived benefits 5 Perceived susceptibility The HBM suggests that individuals are motivated to act if they have certain beliefs or experiences, as explained in the six concepts of the model. The first concept is self-efficacy, which is the individual's confidence in the ability to take action. The nurse provides training and guidance in performing action. Another concept is cues to action, which are factors that activate readiness to change. The nurse promotes awareness to bring about the change. The third concept is perceived benefits. The nurse explains how, where, and when to take action and describes the likely positive results. The nurse also has to determine the patient's perceived susceptibility. The nurse helps the individual identify the chances of acquiring a condition or disease. The patient's physical limitations are not included in the HBM. Instead, physical limitations impact their activities of daily living.
A patient has a waist circumference of 106 cm and a blood pressure of 124/80 mm Hg. The patient's laboratory reports reveal a serum triglyceride level of 180 mg/dL and a fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dL. Which interpretations could the nurse conclude from this patient information? Select all that apply. 1. The patient is obese. 2. The patient is insulin resistant. 3. The patient has an infection. 4. The patient is overweight. 5. The patient is hypertensive
1. The patient is obese. 2. The patient is insulin resistant. A waist circumference greater than 102 cm or 40 inches is a determinant of obesity. A fasting blood glucose level greater than 100 mg/dL is a sign of insulin resistance. If the patient has an infection, there would be an increase in the white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The patient exceeded the definition of overweight based on body mass index. A patient with hypertension would have a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg.
The nurse is learning about health care settings and levels of services. Which actions would the nurse perform under preventive care? Select all that apply. 1 Intensive care 2 Immunizations 3 Family planning 4 Cancer screening 5 Mental health counseling
2 Immunizations 4 Cancer screening 5 Mental health counseling Immunizations are vaccinating patients against specific illnesses and are performed under preventive health care. Cancer screening helps in early detection of cancer; hence it is a part of preventive care. Mental health counseling helps prevent mental disorders and is preventive care. A patient in intensive care needs immediate medical attention after the occurrence of medical illness, which is performed under tertiary care. Family planning is meant for the health of the family and is performed under health promotion.
A nurse is conducting a health fair in a rural area to teach the importance of health promotion and illness prevention. According to Healthy People 2020, which topics and objectives would the nurse include? Select all that apply. 1. Dental hygiene 2. Sexually transmitted diseases 3. Injury and violence prevention 4. Mental health and mental disorders 5. Immunization and infectious disease
2. Sexually transmitted diseases 3. Injury and violence prevention 4. Mental health and mental disorders 5. Immunization and infectious disease Healthy People 2020 is the goal set by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) to achieve a high quality of health for all and to create a safe environment. The initiative focuses on health topics and objectives which the nurse should include. These include sexually transmitted diseases, injury and violence prevention, mental health and mental disorders, and immunization and infectious disease. The list also includes adolescent health, tobacco use, substance abuse, environmental health, and access to health care. Dental hygiene is not included in this list.
A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the three levels of illness and disease prevention. Which activities would be included in the secondary prevention of diseases? Select all that apply. 1 Use of specific immunizations 2 Use of environmental sanitation 3 Individual and mass screening activities 4 Selective examinations to cure and prevent disease process 5 Provision of facilities to limit disability and prevent death
3 Individual and mass screening activities 4 Selective examinations to cure and prevent disease process 5 Provision of facilities to limit disability and prevent death The activities of secondary prevention are aimed at early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and disability limitation. The activities include individual and mass screening and selective examination to diagnose diseases in early stages and provide timely treatment. Secondary prevention also includes provision of facilities to limit disabilities and prevent death. Use of specific immunizations and use of environmental sanitation are included in primary prevention.
Which techniques would the nurse use to draw the patient's attention away from a painful wound debridement and dressing change? Select all that apply. 1 Yoga 2 Acupuncture 3 Therapeutic touch 4 Breathing techniques 5 Relaxation techniques
3 Therapeutic touch 4 Breathing techniques 5 Relaxation techniques Therapeutic touch and breathing and relaxation techniques are alternative methods of physical and mental health promotion. The nurse's therapeutic touch gives the patient a sense of comfort and support. Breathing techniques divert the patient's attention away from the dressing and promote oxygenation of the wound site. Relaxation techniques such as mindfulness, visualization, and meditation help the patient relax during the painful procedure of debriding the wound and changing the dressing. Yoga is not a viable technique for the patient as the patient may be in pain during a dressing change and unable to do yoga. Acupuncture involves stimulation of specific points in the body to control pain. This stimulation is accompanied with application of heat, cool, or laser, or penetration of thin needles. These stimulation techniques are not helpful during wound debridement and dressing change.
A patient experiencing symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refuses to interact with anyone including family members. Which impact of the illness is the patient exhibiting? Select all that apply. 1 Illness symptom 2 Coping 3 Health prevention 4 Changed self-concept 5 Impact on family role
4 Changed self-concept 5 Impact on family role The patient is experiencing an impact of illness on his or her self-concept. A patient who refuses to interact with family members is also experiencing an illness reaction, which impacts the family role. Refusing to interact with others is not a symptom of COPD. Illness behaviors are a patient's reaction to the disease. It is a way of coping with the disease and its adversities. It is generally influenced by the way the patient perceives the illness to be, and the reactions are adverse based on that. Health prevention is a way of preventing any health problems from occurring.
