Early U.S. Ch 2 Study Guide

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74. By breaking away from the king, American leaders had established a republic. What is a republic?

A republic is a form of government in which power resides with a body of citizens entitled to vote. Elected officials are responsible to the citizens and must govern according to laws or a constitution. In an ideal republic, all citizens are equal, regardless of their wealth or social class.

76. ​Imagine that you are a member of the Continental Congress, make the case that the colonies should break away from England. Use a minimum of 3 specific examples (Data), found in the Declaration of Independence, that support your claim. Then support each example with commentary.

Answer it yourself

75. ​Name the 13 Colonies.

Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." —Declaration of Independence 66. According to this quote, what rights are all people entitled to?

Everyone is entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. 33. After the Revolution, men no longer needed to own a certain amount of property to hold elective office

False - After the Revolution, men USUALLY NEEDED TO OWN A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF PROPERTY to hold elective office

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. 31. After the Revolutionary War, new state constitutions gave increased voting rights to women and African Americans.

False - After the Revolutionary War, new state constitutions gave increased voting rights THAT DID NOT EXTEND TO WOMEN AND AFRICAN AMERICANS

Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement true. 12. Delegates to the First Continental Congress mostly agreed that it was time for the colonies to fight for their rights.

False - Delegates to the First Continental Congress mostly agreed that THE COLONIES SHOULD REMAIN LOYAL TO GREAT BRITAIN

Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement true. 13. George Hewes and his companions dumped stamps into Boston Harbor.

False - George Hewes and his companions dumped TEA into Boston Harbor

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. 35. John Adams argued that government needed "checks and balances" to prevent minority groups from taking away the rights of the majority.

False - John Adams argued that government needed "checks and balances" to prevent MAJORITY groups from taking away the rights of the MINORITY.

Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement true. 15. Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense to try to establish better relations with King George III.

False - Thomas Paine wrote, Common Sense, to try to SWAY PUBLIC OPINION AGAINST KING GEORGE III

72. Based on the above chart, what effect did the end of the Revolutionary War have on British colonial possessions in the Western Hemisphere and in Africa?

Great Britain lost its American colonies, ceded Florida to Spain and returned colonies in Africa and the Caribbean to France

"'Tis the business of little minds to shrink; but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death." —Thomas Paine, The American Crisis, December 19, 1776 69. According to Paine, what is "the business of little minds"?

It is "the business of little minds" to abandon pursuit of one's principles

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." —Declaration of Independence 67. Whose ideas strongly influenced the wording in the above passage?

John Locke's ideas influenced the passage

71. What is the difference between Patriots and Loyalists?

Loyalists, or Tories, were Americans who supported the British side; Patriots, or Whigs, were those who believed the British had become tyrants.

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement. 27. The British captured __________________ and used it as their headquarters for the rest of the Revolutionary War.

New York City

52. How did Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense change public opinion in the colonies? Use the diagram to help you organize your answer.

Patriots who wanted to declare independence feared that most Americans were still loyal to the king. Even radicals in the Continental Congress worried that a declaration of independence might cost them public support. Nearly everyone regarded Parliament, not the king, as the enemy. Public opinion began to change when Thomas Paine published Common Sense. In it he attacked the monarchy, saying that King George III was responsible for the actions against the colonies. He argued that Parliament did nothing without the king's support and encouragement. He said the king was a tyrant and it was time to declare independence. Within three months, the pamphlet sold 100,000 copies, and many colonists came to agree that it was time to declare independence

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement. 26. The American victory at ____________________ was the turning point of the Revolution.

Saratoga

55. Explain the effects of the American Revolution, using the chart.

The American Revolution had three major effects. First, the United States declared itself independent of Great Britain. This led to a long war with Britain. When the United States won the war, it resulted in worldwide recognition of the United States as an independent nation

54. Explain why the American Revolution could also be viewed as a civil war between citizens of the colonies.

The American Revolution was not only a war between the Americans and the British, but also a civil war between the Patriots and the Loyalists. Nearly a quarter of the American colonists remained loyal to Great Britain during the Revolutionary War and sometimes the fighting pitted brother against brother in conflicts that forever changed the lives of many families

73. Based on the above time line, when was the Declaration of Independence signed?

The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776.

53. How did the European balance of power hamper the British in the American Revolution?

The French, Dutch, and Spanish were all eager to exploit Britain's problems. As a result, Britain had to station much of its military elsewhere in the world to defend its empire. The European balance of power also meant that the Americans might be able to find allies against the British

51. Why were many colonists angry about the Sugar Act?

The Sugar Act changed tax rates on some imported products and added new taxes on others. Merchants throughout the colonies complained that the act hurt trade. Many were also furious that the act violated several traditional English rights. The act specified that merchants accused of smuggling were presumed guilty until proven innocent. It allowed British officials to seize goods without due process in some circumstances, and it prevented lawsuits by merchants whose goods had been improperly seized

70. How did the people of Boston react to the Tea Act of 1773?

The people reacted by dumping a newly arrived shipment of British tea into the Boston Harbor in a raid that became known as the Boston Tea Party

"[O]ur civil rights have no dependence on our religious opinions, any more than our opinions in physics or geometry. . . ." —Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom 68. What right does the above statute support?

The statute supports the right of freedom of religion

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. 32. The concept of the ideal republican society conflicted with traditional beliefs about slavery.

True

In the blank, indicate whether the statement is true (T) or false (F). If false edit the statement to make it a true statement. 34. The stories of the Revolution and its heroes helped Americans to think of themselves as all belonging to the same group.

True

Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement true. 14. The main idea behind the Declaration of Rights and Grievances was that taxation depended upon representation.

True

59. helped build American confidence by proving that colonial militia could stand up to one of the world's most feared armies a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

a. Battle of Bunker Hill

7. event that occurred outside a customs house in Massachusetts a. Boston Massacre b. Currency Act of 1764 c. Revenue Act of 1767 d. Quartering Act e. Proclamation of 1763

a. Boston Massacre

2. The colonists protested the Stamp Act by refusing to a. buy British goods. b. sell goods to British soldiers. c. allow British troops into their homes. d. buy stamps.

a. buy British goods

5. To help coordinate action against Great Britain, Thomas Jefferson suggested that the colonies form a. committees of correspondence. b. the first continental congress c. the continental army d. the second continental congress

a. committees of correspondence.

46. The American victory at Saratoga was a turning point in the war because a. it convinced France to commit troops to the American cause. b. it convinced France to send arms and supplies to the Americans. c. it convinced Spain to enter the war on the American side. d. it was the last British offensive of the war.

a. it convinced France to commit troops to the American cause.

23. General Howe sought to separate New England from the South by capturing a.New York City b.Baltimore c.Philadelphia d. Richmond

a.New York City

3. "No taxation without ____________________." a.representation b.inflation c.nonimportation d.declaration

a.representation

62. American traitor a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

b. Benedict Arnold

10. banned the use of paper money in the colonies a. Boston Massacre b. Currency Act of 1764 c. Revenue Act of 1767 d. Quartering Act e. Proclamation of 1763

b. Currency Act of 1764

4. After the Boston Massacre, the British repealed the ___________. a. Stamp Act b. Townshend Acts c.Intolerable Acts d.Coercive Acts

b. Townshend Acts

25. General Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington's army at the battle of a. Saratoga. b. Yorktown. c. Kings Mountain. d. Philadelphia.

b. Yorktown.

38. Thomas Jefferson considered ____ to be critical to the republic's success, calling it the "keystone of our arch of government." a. democracy b. an educated public c. equality for all d. liberty for all

b. an educated public

41. The first skirmish of the French and Indian War occurred because a. both the French and the British claimed Louisiana. b. both the French and the British wanted the Ohio River valley c.the French ambushed a British detachment near Quebec City. d.the French organized Native American attacks on frontier settlements.

b. both the French and the British wanted the Ohio River valley

20. In the summer of 1775, most members of the Second Continental Congress wanted the colonies to have the right to govern themselves, but they did not want to a.begin committees of correspondence. b. break with the British Empire. c. challenge the Stamp Act. d. protest the tax on tea.

b. break with the British Empire

21. Compared to the British troops, the Continental Army was a. well-equipped. b. inexperienced. c. very large. d. well-paid.

b. inexperienced.

39. After the American Revolution, the principles for which the Americans had fought led to some improvements in the status of women, and man. a. charities for unwed mothers were founded. b. schools for girls were established. c. states extended the right to vote to women. d. women were elected to political office.

b. schools for girls were established.

16. What became known in the colonies as the Intolerable Acts? a. the Coercive Acts and the Tea Act b. the Coercive Acts and the Townshend Acts c. the Quebec Act and the Coercive Acts d. the Tea Act and the the Townshend Acts

b. the Coercive Acts and the Townshend Acts

50. People living in the Appalachian Mountains who were outraged at Patrick Ferguson's attempts to subdue them put together a militia and intercepted Ferguson at a. Charles Town. b.Kings Mountain. c. Savannah. d. Yorktown.

b.Kings Mountain.

48. Hiding behind trees or walls and ambushing enemy troops or supply wagons are tactics used in a. traditional warfare. b.guerilla warfare. c.English warfare. d.European warfare.

b.guerilla warfare.

45. Perhaps the most famous naval battle of the war happened near Britain in September 1779 and involved the American naval officer a. Charles Cornwallis. b. George Rogers Clark. c. John Paul Jones. d. Patrick Ferguson.

c. John Paul Jones.

9. legalized the use of writs of assistance a. Boston Massacre b. Currency Act of 1764 c. Revenue Act of 1767 d. Quartering Act e. Proclamation of 1763

c. Revenue Act of 1767

57. settlement in which Britain recognized the United States as a new nation a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

c. Treaty of Paris of 1783

22. The British needed to win the war quickly before a. the Americans allied with France. b. the colonists could organize resistance. c. opinions in Parliament turned against the war. d. the cost of the war emptied the British treasury.

c. opinions in Parliament turned against the war

1. After the French and Indian War, the British asked the colonies to ____________________. a. return Colonial territory to the French. b. give up their weapons and militias. c. pay their share of the war's costs. d. join the Anglican church.

c. pay their share of the war's costs

19. The significance of the Quartering Act was that it made colonists a. pay taxes on paper. b. pay taxes on tea. c. provide lodging for British soldiers. d.provide weapons for British soldiers.

c. provide lodging for British soldiers

49. The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom abolished a. mandatory church attendance. b. segregated churches. c. taxes used to support the official state church. d. the Anglican Church.

c. taxes used to support the official state church.

43. The Continental Army was first formed from a. the militia raised by George Washington from all over New England. b. the militia that won the Battle of Bunker Hill. c. the militia surrounding the British in Boston. d. the minutemen.

c. the militia surrounding the British in Boston

37. In 1816 African American church leaders formed the first independent African American denomination, the a. African American Church. b. African Baptist Episcopal Church. c. African Lutheran Southern Church. d. African Methodist Episcopal Church.

d. African Methodist Episcopal Church.

42. One group of Americans that often became loyalists was a. planters. b. lawyers. c. artisans. d. Anglican ministers.

d. Anglican ministers

24. The first country to recognize the United States as an independent nation was a.Great Britain b. Germany. c. Spain. d. France.

d. France.

64. said "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

d. Nathan Hale

6. required local officials to provide lodging for British soldiers in private homes a. Boston Massacre b. Currency Act of 1764 c. Revenue Act of 1767 d. Quartering Act e. Proclamation of 1763

d. Quartering Act

47. Common Sense was written by a. Benjamin Franklin. b. John Locke. c. Thomas Jefferson. d. Thomas Paine.

d. Thomas Paine.

36. Attaching a list of rights to the new states' constitutions began in 1776 when George Mason drafted a. the Declaration of Independence. b. Massachusetts's constitution c. the Statute for Religious Freedom. d. Virginia's Declaration of Rights.

d. Virginia's Declaration of Rights.

44. Washington's decision to attack in New Jersey was a surprise because a.he had no way to cross the Delaware. b.his troops were outnumbered. c.his troops were in Philadelphia. d. it was winter.

d. it was winter.

18. All of the Townshend duties on British products were repealed in 1770, except the tax on a.glass b. lead c. paper d. tea

d. tea

40. In 1782 Virginia passed a law encouraging manumission, or the a. ending of the tea boycott. b.pardoning of Loyalists. c.payment of taxes to the Anglican Church. d. voluntary freeing of enslaved persons.

d. voluntary freeing of enslaved persons.

17. King George III declared the colonies "open and avowed" enemies after a.the attack on British troops in Boston b.the attack on British troops in Quebec. c.the battles of Lexington and Concord. d.the Olive Branch Petition.

d.the Olive Branch Petition.

8. prohibited colonists from settling west of an imaginary line running north to south along the Appalachian Mountains a. Boston Massacre b. Currency Act of 1764 c. Revenue Act of 1767 d. Quartering Act e. Proclamation of 1763

e. Proclamation of 1763

56. pledged large amounts of money and arranged for foreign loans to finance the American war effort a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

e. Robert Morris

63. battle at which British surrender marked the end of the war a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

f. Battle of Yorktown

58. declared that Virginia no longer had an official church and that the state would not collect taxes for churches a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement. 30. The local New England militias used a style of fighting known as _________________.

guerrilla warfare

61. where Paul Revere and William Dawes were sent to spread the word that the British were coming a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

h. Lexington and Concord

65. painter whose work, along with that of other artists, helped build an American identity a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

i. John Trumbull

60. helped Washington improve discipline and morale among his weary troops at Valley Forge a. Battle of Bunker Hill b. Benedict Arnold c. Treaty of Paris of 1783 d. Nathan Hale e. Robert Morris f. Battle of Yorktown g. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom h. Lexington and Concord i. John Trumbull j. Marquis de Lafayette

j. Marquis de Lafayette

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement. 29. To disrupt British trade, the Continental Congress issued letters of ____________________, or licenses, authorizing private ship owners to attack British merchant ships.

marque

Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement. 28. The town of Concord created a special unit of men called ____________________, who were trained and ready to fight at a moment's notice.

minutemen

Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, change the identified word(s) to make the statement true. 11. The Coercive Acts were intended to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

true


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