Early U.S. History Chapter 5 Study Guide

was accused of planning an armed revolt to free the region's slaves but was tried, convicted, and hanged before the revolt started

Denmark Vesey

transformed gun-making into a factory process

Eli Whitney

The growth of river travel and the success of the ___________ Canal spurred a wave of canal building throughout the country.

Erie

What transportation project from Albany to Buffalo was completed in 1825?

Erie Canal

By ruling that anything crossing state boundaries did not come under federal law, Chief Justice Marshall ensured that federal law would not take precedence over state law in interstate transportation.

False

The historic decision in Gibbons v. Ogden helped establish the Supreme Court as the nation's court of final appeal.

False

While the cotton gin made some Southern planters rich, it also decreased the demand for the institution of slavery.

False

introduced mass production of cotton cloth to the U.S.

Francis C. Lowell

rose from slavery to become a prominent leader of the antislavery movement

Frederick Douglass

The first major slave uprising in the United States was organized by

Gabriel Prosser

organized a major slave uprising in 1800

Gabriel Prosser

How did the invention of the cotton gin affect the South?

It strengthened the institution of slavery

On Election Day in 1824, Andrew ______________________ won the largest share of the popular vote, but no candidate won a majority in the Electoral College.

Jackson

ordered General Andrew Jackson into Florida to stop Seminole raids

John C. Calhoun

The __________________ Compromise held out the hope that pairing the admission of free and slave states together would quiet the dispute over the expansion of slavery.

Missouri

led an armed uprising that killed more than 50 white people before he was caught and hanged

Nat Turner

After the 1824 election, supporters of Jackson labeled themselves as Democrats, while Clay and his supporters formed a new party called the

National Republicans

built an American locomotive engine

Peter Cooper (not an option on study guide but this is correct)

took the Clermont 150 miles up the Hudson River

Robert Fulton

perfected the telegraph in 1832

Samuel F. B. Morse

By 1824 all of Spain's colonies on the American mainland had declared independence.

True

In 1822 Denmark Vesey, a free African American who operated a woodworking shop in Charleston, South Carolina, was accused of planning an armed revolt to free the region's enslaved people.

True

In 1850 nearly 3.6 million African Americans lived in the South--about 37 percent of the total Southern population.

True

Nat Turner, an enslaved minister who believed God had chosen him to bring his people out of bondage, led an armed uprising on August 22, 1831.

True

State slave codes forbade enslaved men and women from owning property or leaving a slaveholder's premises without permission.

True

The National Road marked the start of a federal campaign to improve transportation.

True

The phrase "Era of Good Feelings" is often used to describe the Monroe presidency.

True

Many of the voters who supported Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828 were from the _____________ and South, rural and small-town men who saw Jackson as the candidate most likely to represent their interests.

West

Even though industry and cities expanded in the Northeast during the early 1800s, what was the country's leading economic activity?

agriculture

Pro-slavery members of the Missouri Constitutional Convention proposed a clause to the state constitution

banning free African Americans from the state.

Missouri's application for ____________________________ stirred up the issue of whether slavery was constitutional.

becoming a slave state

What made river travel more reliable and upstream travel easier?

canals

In the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain

ceded Florida to the United States

According to an accepted amendment to the Missouri Compromise, slavery

could expand into the Arkansas territory but not the rest of the Louisiana Purchase

The Supreme Court decision in Gibbons vs. Ogden was historically important because it

ensured that federal law would take precedence over state law in interstate transportation

John Quincy Adams won the presidency in 1824 because

he won the election in the House of Representatives

A planter was a white male who

held 20 or more enslaved people

The laws for establishing corporation passed by states beginning in the 1830s

helped businesses raise money by issuing stock

During the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing shifted from hand tools to

large, complex machines

One major change during the Industrial Revolution was manufacturing's shift from hand tools to ______________________.

large, complex machines

After the War of 1812, partisan infighting in politics

largely ended as the Democratic-Republican Party declined

Francis C. Lowell introduced _______________ production of cotton cloth to the United States using machinery he built after touring British textile mills.

mass

During the election of 1828, both candidates engaged in

mudslinging

Perhaps the most important factor in the rapid development of industry in the United States was the American system of free enterprise based on private

property rights

A cotton gin

removes cotton seeds

Parts of the North began concentrating on manufacturing, but the South continued to tie its fortunes to agriculture and the institution of ________________.

slavery

The Monroe administration's Era of Good Feelings could not ward off the nation's growing sectional disputes and the passionately differing opinions in the North and South over _______________.

slavery

Between 1816 and 1824, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in three important cases that established the dominance of the nation over the

states

When President Adams named Henry Clay his secretary of state, Andrew Jackson's supporters accused Adams and Clay of

striking a corrupt bargain

Protective tariffs, such as the Tariff of 1816, nurtured American manufacturers by

taxing imports to drive up their prices

Communications improved when American inventor Samuel F.B. Morse perfected the

telegraph

The change from home-based workshops to factories that often housed hundreds of machines and workers was one of several basic developments of

the Industrial Revolution

President Monroe declared in 1823 that the American continents were no longer to be considered open for colonization by European powers in an announcement later called

the Monroe Doctrine

While Northerners were a majority in the House of Representatives in 1819, admitting any new state, either slave or free, would upset the balance in

the Senate

By 1850, some 250,000 free African Americans resided in

the South

Cities grew in the United States during industrialization because

the higher wages of factory jobs drew people from farms and villages

Which system organized enslaved persons into groups that labored from sunup to sundown?

the task system

The industrialization of the United States drew thousands of people from farms and villages to towns in search of factory jobs with higher _____________.

wages

In the 1800s, workers in New England's textile mills

worked long hours

Which class made up most of the white population in the South?

yeoman farmers