Earth and Space Science: The Scientific Method (Chapter 1)

a centimeter is

0.01 m

of the following, the longest is a. 1000 ft b. 500 m c. 1 km d. 1 mi

d. 1 mi

a week is the time needed for a. the sun to drift around the sky b. the moon to drift around the sky c. the earth to turn on its axis d. none of the above

d. none of the above

according to kepler's third law, the time needed for a planet to complete an orbit around the sun

depends on the planet's distance from the sun

relative to the stars, the moon seems to move

eastward

kepler modified the copernican system by showing that the planetary orbits are

ellipses

the stars in a constellation

form a pattern in the sky as seen from the earth

the speed of a planet in its orbit

is highest when it is closest to the sun

the ongoing evolution of living things

is one of the basic concepts of biology

the earth bulges slightly at the equator and is flattened at the poles because

it spins on its axis

the discovery that the planetary orbits are ellipses rather than circles was made by

kepler

a regularity in observed data or a relationship between different quantities is usually called

law

the planet closest to the sun is

mercury

a planet not visible to the naked eye is

neptune

a planet that cannot be seen with the unaided eye is

neptune

the scientist who showed that gravity accounts for kepler's laws of planetary motion was

newton

astrology is

nonsense

the period of the earth's orbit around the sun is

one year

the object in the sky that apparently moves least in the course of time is

polaris

what system assumes earth to be the center of the universe?

ptolemaic system

in the distant past, the length of a day was

shorter than 24 hours

if the earth had no moon,

the average tidal range would be smaller

a day is the time needed for

the earth to turn completely on its axis

leap years are needed because

the length of the year is not a whole number of days

in most parts of the world, high tides occur approximately

twice a day

the usual tidal pattern in most parts of the world consists of

two high tides and two low tides daily

if earth were to revolve on its axis slower than it does today, its shape

would be closer to a perfect sphere

the british unit of length closest to the meter is the

yard

the size of a picture is given as 84 cm by 255 cm. Since (84)(255)= 2.142, the area of the picture is correctly expressed as

2.1 m^2

a person is 180 cm tall. this is equivalent to

5 ft 11 in

the scientific method is

a continuing process

which of the following is no longer considered valid? a. ptolemaic system b. copernican system c. kepler's laws of planetary motion d. newton's laws of gravity

a. ptolemaic system

a constellation is

an apparent pattern of stars in the sky

a scientific law or theory is valid

as long as it is not contradicted by new experimental findings

the longest of the following is a. 1 mm b. 0.00001 km c. 0.01 in d. 0.001 ft

b. 0.00001 km

tides are caused by

both the sun and the moon

high tide occurs at a given place

both when the moon faces the place and when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth from the place

a meter is not equal to a. 100 cm b. 10^3 mm c. 0.01 km d. 10^-3 km

c. 0.01 km

of the following, the shortest is a. 1 mm b. .01 in c. .001 m d. .001 ft

.01 in

the prefix giga stands for

1,000,000,000

the prefix micro stands for

1/1,000,000

the measurements of a room are given as length = 5.28 m and width = 3.1 m. since (5.28)(3.1)=16.368, the rooms area is correctly expressed as

16 m^2

a person is 5 ft 8 in tall. this is equivalent to ________ cm

173

the number of cubic centimeters in a cubic foot is about

2.8 x 10^4

arrange the following planets in order from their distance from the sun 1. venus 2. mars 3. earth 4. mercury

4 1 3 2

a hypothesis is

a new scientific idea

scientific theories must be

constantly reviewed to see whether they are in accord with new experimental observations

the shortest of the following is a. 10^4 in b. 10^4 mi c. 10^3 ft d. 0.1 mi

d. 0.1 mi

the time needed for a planet to orbit the sun

depends on the average distance of the planet from the sun

the time at which a given star rises above the horizon each night is

earlier than the night before

living things have

evolved throughout earth's history

stars and planets are round because

gravity forces them into shape

when the sun, earth, and moon are all in line,

high tides are higher than usual and low tides are lower than usual

the speed of a planet in its orbit around the sun is

highest when the planet is closest to the sun

the law of gravity

holds everywhere in the universe

when first proposed, a scientific idea is usually called a

hypothesis

what distinguishes the scientific method from other ways of looking at the natural world is

its reliance on experiment and observation

the length of the year is

more than 365 days

the object in the sky that lies very nearly on an extension of the earth's axis is

polaris

gravity is not

responsible for holding atoms and molecules together

kepler modified

the copernican system

a year is the time needed for

the sun to drift completely around the sky

the moon is chiefly responsible for ____, with the sun's influence modifying the _________

tides; tidal range