Earth Science Chapter 12

___is formed when water chemically combines with carbon dioxide.

Carbonic acid

____ is a winding ridge of sorted sediments deposited by a melt water stream flowing beneath a glacier

Eskers

Topsoil is found in the ______

a horizon

Deflation is to desert pavements as ___ is to ventifacts

abrasion

An ___ is like a river delta on land

alluvial fan

A ____ is a bowl-shaped depression caused by strong winds carrying away all the loose materials down a steep slope

blow out

Most of the sediment load in a stream is _______

carried as suspended sediments

_____ is a steep, hollow excavation made by glacial erosion in a mountain

cirque

When the mineral feldspar reacts with carbonic acid, ____ is formed

clay (kaolin)

____ is the slow movement of land surface that may cause fence posts to lean

creep

_____ is the removal of small clastic particles by wind over a large area, leaving behind cobbles and larger rocks that form a desert pavement

deflation

The formation of a delta is most closely related to the process of_____

deposition

Long streamlined hills composed of unsorted glacial till are called

drumling

Some glaciers can be found near the _____ but only in high mountains

equator

_____ is the process of wearing away rock and transporting

erosion

____ is a process where by thin sheets or layers of rock flake off larger rocks, often shaping them into rounded outcroppings or boulders.

exfoliation

____ is a glaciated valley that ocean water has entered

fjord

_____ is the raising of rocks and boulders caused by the expansion of water freezing below the ground's surface

frost heaving

When water enters a crack in a rock, expands as it freezes, and cracks the rock____ has occured

frost wedging

Sudden glacier movements is called a _____

glacial surge

A ____ is a large mass of ice consisting mostly of recrystallized snow that moves under the influence of gravity

glacier

____ is deposits of sediments left by a glacier

glacier drift

Plucking is a type of erosion caused by ____

glaciers

____ is always involved in mass wasting

gravity

______ is a layer of soil resulting from the weathering of bedrock

horizon

____ is a slender mountain peak eroded by glaciers from several sides

horn

Decayed, organic matter in soil is called ____

humas

_____ is the depression in the ground moraine that remains when a block of glacial ice melts

kettle

A _____ is the rapid movement of a large mass of any type of earth materials down a steep slope

land slide

____ is a valuable topsoil containing equal parts sand and silt with about half as much clay

loam

Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water are often involved in ____

mechanical weathering

____ is a sedimentary ridge or surface formed by glacial till after a glacier melts or retreats

moraine

Any fertile soil must contain_____

organic material

____ is a layer of debris carried away from the terminus of a glacier

out wash plan

When two or more glaciers merge and spread out into a plain at the base of a mountain range, it is called a __

piedmont glacier

A _____ is basically a standard glacier that contains more rock than ice

rock glacier

Most soils being with the weathering of _____

rocks and or minerals

A _____ is a hill or ridge of windblown sand

sand dune

A type of mass wasting that slips just a short distance is ____

slump

Living things have a great effect on ___

soil

Efforts to wisely use soil and reduce erosion are called ___

soil conservation

___ is the mass of weathered rock debris found at the base of a cliff.

talus

____ is unsorted glacial sediments deposited when a glacier melts and retreats

till

Soil forms faster in the ____ than it does in the mountains

topics

Glaciated valleys have a ___shaped profile

u

It is possible that an area could have soil that is chemically ___ to the native bedrock beneath it

unrelated

Thin bands of sediments formed on the bottoms of lakes that are fed by glacial melt water are referred to as____

varves

The downhill movement of large quantities of rocks and soil due to gravity is called ____

wasting

_____ plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical weathering

water

Loess deposits are thought to have been formed by the action of ___

wind