eatrightPREP Practice Test 1
The most influential perception factor in a person's preference for a particular food is olfactory. mouthfeel or texture. visual. gustatory.
gustatory. Taste, or gustatory perception, is the most influential factor in food preferences, more so than mouthfeel (texture), smell (olfactory), or visual.
Encouraging a pregnant client to attend a seminar on the benefits of breastfeeding and offering supportive postpartum breastfeeding counseling are examples of a. nutrition monitoring and evaluation. b. health promotion. c. public health nutrition. d. secondary prevention.
health promotion Health promotion empowers the individual to make changes and take control of their own health outcomes.. Public health nutrition does not focus at the individual level. Nutrition monitoring and evaluation involves patient follow-up after nutrition intervention. Secondary prevention focuses on early diagnosis and treatment like screening for and taking blood pressure medicine
The variable that is manipulated in an experimental research study is the:
independent variable
An instrument to collect data on the use of dietary supplements would be viewed as valid if it
measures accurately what it is intended to measure. The defining feature of validity is whether the instrument accurately measures what it intends to measure. In contrast, reliability indicates that an instrument will provide similar results when used multiple times for the same measurement (but the information may not necessarily be accurate).
On a printed menu, items that management wishes to sell more of should be placed so that they are the first and/or last thing a customer sees. This positioning strategy is the science of menu design. menu placement. menu psychology. menu structure.
menu psychology. Menu psychology is an examination of how to design a menu to influence what customers pick to eat.
BMI at or greater than the 95th percentile is:
obese
Customer and employee satisfaction in the foodservice system are
output
A foodservice requires that all employees must wash hands before returning to the production area after a break. This requirement is referred to as a:
policy. Policy indicates what should be done whereas a procedure indicates how it should be done. There is no such thing as foodservice law. A single-use plan is not applicable in this context.
A community RDN develops an educational and awareness program to teach employees of a local industry to reduce the sodium in their diets. This is an example of
primary prevention Primary prevention is to protect healthy people before a disease (for example, hypertension) develops. Secondary and tertiary prevention do not occur until a disease has already presented. Workplace rehabilitation is specific to an injury sustained at work.
The statement "Vitamin K helps support normal blood clotting" on a dietary supplement label is a
structure/function claim.
One advantage of using a crossover design over a parallel design is
there is a reduction in variability Crossover designs include a washout period and does not have to be a shorter study duration. The advantage to crossover design is that it uses the same subjects who serve as the control, thus receiving the same treatment, resulting in a reduction in variability. This reduction in variability allows for a smaller sample size.
A typical feeding/eating pattern for infants is
to require only breastmilk or iron-fortified formula for the first 6 months of age.
A diagnosis of hypersensitivity to food requires:
verifying the food that causes an adverse reaction and excluding other causes of adverse reactions. To confirm a food hypersensitivity diagnosis, the clinician is required to verify that the food allergen alone causes the adverse reaction.
The formula for determining value analysis is V=Q/P, where V= value; Q=quality; P=price. If P increases, and there is no change in Q, then V
will most likely decrease No change was indicated for Q. If the denominator (P) increases and Q remains the same, the only definite change to be noted in V would be a decrease.
In behavior change, which example demonstrates self-efficacy? Confidence in ability to consume breakfast daily Reading an article regarding regular physical activity and heart disease Doing research on family history of diabetes Perception that financial status will affect ability to eat recommended servings of fruits and vegetables
Confidence in ability to consume breakfast daily Self-efficacy is a reflection of confidence to perform and improved self-perception of obtaining success.
The assistant cook (AC) is being replaced by a "floater" cook who is unable to take over all of the AC responsibilities. What would be the manager's most effective approach to dealing with this situation?
Define roles and tasks for the floater, provide opportunity for role clarification and questions, and give support. Defining roles and tasks and providing opportunity for role clarification and questions allows the floater the opportunity to redefine his or her role and to take on a different task. The manager empowers the floater this way by supporting the new role, which should result in more confidence to change roles.
Which term best describes overall space planning that includes defining the size, shape, style, and decoration? Design Layout Blueprint Flow
Design Design refers to the overall space planning; layout is the detailed arrangement of a building and its floor and/or counter space; and blueprint is what the architect will provide to the contractor so the space and its structures are built according to specifications. Flow is the movement of product or people through an operation.
What is the process of identifying a patient's nutrition problem when symptoms point to more than one possible answer
Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis is the systematic process of identifying a correct nutrition diagnosis among multiple possible diagnoses.
What method of collecting information on access to health services within the community includes small, informal discussions with community members using open-ended questions?
Focus groups Focus groups tend to be smaller than public forums and have specific questions that support discussions. A public forum is usually with a larger audience and allows individuals to share their views on specific issues. Surveys may be conducted through a conversation but are completed individually and have limited questions. Asset mapping focuses on identifying strengths and existing resources.
What type of evaluation uses early results to revise a community nutrition program before full implementation? Outcome evaluation Income evaluation Formative evaluation Impact evaluation
Formative evaluation A formative evaluation occurs as a program is being developed, perhaps as a pilot test, as contrasted with a summative evaluation that occurs at the end of the program or as participants complete the program.
When preparing a PES statement in situations where there are diagnoses from multiple domains, which diagnosis domain should the dietetics professional prioritize?
Intake When writing a PES statement and there is a choice between diagnoses from different domains, priority should be given to the intake-related nutrition diagnosis, as it is considered the one more specific to the role of the RDN.
When using the Nutrition Care Process, what three things do dietetics practitioners do in completing Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation?
Scrutinize, measure, and assess the changes in nutrition care indicators. Scrutinizing, measuring, and assessing are the key activities during the monitoring and evaluation step.
What is the mission of WIC?
To provide nutritious foods, nutrition education, and health referrals to low-income women and children up to age 5 The stated mission of the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children is "to safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutrition risk by providing nutritious foods to supplement diets, information on healthy eating, and referrals to health care.
When the diet is adequate in protein, the body can synthesize niacin from which amino acid?
Tryptophan. Tryptophan is an amino acid that is converted to niacin in the liver. An estimated 1 mg niacin is made from the ingestion of 60 mg tryptophan.
A hospital foodservice uses the FIFO inventory method. On May 1, the hospital purchased 3 cans of pears at $6.66 each. On May 15, they purchased 6 cans of pears at $6.72 each. On May 31, they purchased 9 cans of pears at $6.78 each. When inventory was checked on June 1, it was determined that 12 cans of pears had been used. What is the cost of goods sold (COGS) for the 12 cans of pears?
$80.64 Using the first in, first out (FIFO) method, the cost of the older cans is used first. The 3 cans purchased at $6.66 on May 1 were used first; then the 6 cans purchased at $6.72 on May 15 were used; then, finally, 3 additional cans that had been purchased at $6.78 on May 31 were used. The total COGS for the 12 cans used is $80.64. (3 x $6.66) + (6 x $6.72) + (3 x $6.78) = $80.64
Which of the following changes in eating pattern has research shown to most positively contribute to a decrease in energy consumption among children?
Children participating in family-style meals at home discourages children from overeating
Protein needs for patients with stage II pressure ulcers can be calculated as
1.2 g to 1.5 g of protein/kg body weight
How many FTEs does it take to fill one 8-hour, 7 day-per-week position?
1.4 8h x 7d = 56h/40hr work week = 1.4
Full-time employees generally work 236 days per year. What is the FTE requirement to fill a position for an entire calendar year including weekends and holidays?
1.55 365 days each year ÷ 236 full-time workdays = 1.55 full-time equivalents (FTEs); therefore, 1.55 FTEs are required for each full-time position.
A patient in residential care is receiving an enteral formula that contains 1.5 kcal/ml at a rate of 75 ml/hour for a 12-hour time frame. The patient will receive:
1350
A foodservice operation's Net Profit is $41,137, Cost of Goods Sold is $145,350, Average Inventory Value is $7,330, and Total Meals Served Per Day is 200. What is the inventory turnover rate?
19.83 The inventory turnover rate is determined by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average inventory value. $145,350/$7,330 = 19.83
The foodservice department has to prepare a special luncheon for 25 people in addition to the hospital's regular lunch service. The hospital's regular lunch service will require 125 portions of vegetable lasagna that day. The standardized vegetable lasagna recipe yields 125 portions and requires 21 lbs of ricotta cheese. With the regular lunch service and the luncheon, 150 portions will be needed. How much ricotta cheese is needed to meet production needs?
26 lb The chef has a recipe for 125 portions and needs to increase the yield to 150 portions. Divide 150 by 125 to get the factor, which is 1.2. Then multiply 21 pounds by 1.2 to get 25.2 pounds and round up to 26 pounds.
Large institutions most often plan meals using cycle menus. Which of the following cycle lengths is most appropriate for a long-term-care facility?
4-week cycle menu The average length of stay is an important consideration in determining the cycle length. Since the length of stay in long-term care tends to be measured in months or years, rather than days or weeks, a longer cycle menu, such as 4 weeks, would be most appropriate.
Preparing the following recipe for conversion using the percentage method, what is the percentage of flour? 1 kg plain flour 4.7 g salt 3.5 g baking powder 900 g unsalted butter 400 g granulated sugar
43.32% Total weight of the recipe is 2308.2 g. Individual ingredient weight/total weight x 100 = percentage of individual ingredient; so 1 kg = 1000 g/2308.2 = 0.4332 x 100 = 43.32%. Flour = 43.32%.
Labor costs for a roast beef dinner were $764, operating costs were $129, profit was $210, and the cost for food for the event was $895. Of the total production costs, what percentage was spent on food?
50% Total production costs include the cost of food, labor and overhead/operations costs. These costs include taxes, utilities, maintenance, etc. Profit is not included in the calculation as it is not a production cost. $895/($895+$764+$129)= $895/1788=.5005 = 50%
What percentage of a food product's ingredients must be organically produced to allow the claim "Made with Organic Ingredients"?
70%
Which of the following is the correct term to describe a storeroom within a university's residence hall foodservice that is staffed with a full-time employee?
A subsystem is a complete system unto itself (such as a storeroom) that is part of a larger system (in this case, a university residence hall foodservice).
What inventory control method classifies products according to their value? ABC Mini-max Perpetual inventory Par rate
ABC The ABC method classifies inventory products according to value. For example, the high-value A products may represent only about 20% of inventory but up to 80% of the inventory value. Mini-max and par rate are methods to help determine how much to order. Perpetual inventory is an up-to-date, ongoing count of food and supplies in storage.
Which form of vitamin E is metabolized in the liver? Alpha-tocotrienol Delta-tocotrienol Alpha-tocopherol Delta-tocopherol
Alpha-tocopherol Alpha-tocopherol is the only compound of the eight that are known to meet human dietary needs. All of the vitamin E forms are absorbed in the small intestine, and then the liver metabolizes only alpha-tocopherol. The liver then removes and excretes the remaining vitamin E forms.
Which of the following growth charts is currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assess weight in relation to stature in children and adolescents aged 2 to 20 years?
BMI-for-age The CDC recommends BMI-for-age charts to assess weight in relation to stature for children and adolescents aged 2 to 20 years. Weight-for-stature charts are available as an alternative to accommodate children aged 2-5 years who are not evaluated beyond the preschool years.
Which type of federal grant is used to fund state programs for housing, health, and nutrition-related social service programs? Categorical grant Planning grant Block grant Matching grant
Block grant Block grants, such as TANF, are given by the federal government to states so that they can implement the programs, including for housing, health, and nutrition-related social service programs, that meet the unique needs of that state.
Which type of rice is whole-grain with only the outer hull removed? Brown White Wild Long-grain
Brown Brown rice is whole-grain with only the outer hull removed. It retains most of the bran layers that give it a light brown color. White rice has been milled to remove the outer husk and layers of bran. Long-grain rice refers to the length of the rice. Wild rice is not a true rice but is a large rice-looking weed of an aquatic reed-like grass.
What is secreted in the bloodstream in amounts equal to insulin secretion and thus can be used as a clinical indicator of endogenous insulin production? Glucose C-peptide Glutamic acid Cortisol
C-peptide Insulin is secreted as two polypeptide chains joined by disulfide bonds. C-peptide is released when the two chains separate.
For the needs of infants born prematurely, human milk is deficient in
Calcium Human milk does not meet the calcium and phosphorus needs for normal bone mineralization in infants born prematurely. Therefore, breastmilk can be supplemented with human milk fortifiers that contain calcium and phosphorus.
Which would be added to a cola beverage as a natural colorant? Sodium benzoate Caffeine Caramel Vanillin
Caramel
Which decision-making process would be most appropriate for determining whether medication, consultations with a registered dietitian nutritionist, or some combination of the two is the best approach for lowering serum triglyceride levels?
Cost-effectiveness analysis Various techniques have been developed to assist managers with decision making. In this scenario, cost-effectiveness analysis is the best process. Cost-effectiveness provides a comparison of alternative course of action in terms of their cost, savings, and effectiveness of reaching the objective (lowering triglycerides). A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like model of possible decisions and their possible consequences but does not include effectiveness. Network charts are useful for presenting a graphic representation of a project, depicting the flow and sequence of activities and events; most appropriate in an example like planning, scheduling, and controlling a catered lunch. Finally, cost-benefit provides a comparison of cost but does not consider effectiveness so would not meet the needs of this scenario.
An emergency crisis has caused an outage of all refrigeration units for the last 6 hours. What would be the first action taken by the foodservice director? A. Discard all potentially hazardous foods from the refrigeration units B. Review and utilize perishable food items for the next meal period C. Order portable refrigeration units to store all perishable foods D. Create work orders to repair the refrigeration units
Discard all potentially hazardous foods from the refrigeration units Potentially hazardous foods in the refrigeration units must be immediately discarded when the units are off for 4 hours or longer. Potentially hazardous foods include milk and milk products, shell eggs, and egg products, meats, poultry, fish, cut fruits, etc.
Which of the following foods must a child with phenylketonuria avoid?
Egg Children with phenylketonuria are unable to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine because of a deficiency or inactivity of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Thus, phenylalanine intake must be restricted to the amount needed for protein synthesis. To accomplish this, protein needs to be limited and all high-protein foods, including eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, beans and meat, should be avoided
Which of the following is an appropriate method to prevent aspiration in adults receiving enteral nutrition (EN)? Increase use of sedatives Use intermittent administration in the small bowel Monitor the patient every 6 hours Elevate the head of the bed at least 30°
Elevate the head of the bed at least 30° To prevent aspiration in adult patients receiving EN, maintain head of bed elevation to at least 30° or upright in a chair, unless contraindicated. Patients should be monitored every 4 hours and sedative use should be minimized. Method and optimal site of administration are based on patient need, medical condition, tolerance, goals, and available resources.
Which of the following would be higher in a patient with acute renal failure compared with a similar patient with optimal renal function? Protein needs Potassium needs Fluid needs Energy needs
Energy needs Studies have shown a significant and strong negative correlation between creatinine clearance and resting metabolic rate, indicating that energy expenditure increases as kidney function declines.
Which of the following is a nutrition-focused physical finding that could be an indicator for a diagnosis of physical inactivity? Infrequent, low-duration and/or low-intensity physical activity Depression and anxiety disorders Low cardiorespiratory fitness and/or low muscle strength Excessive subcutaneous fat and low muscle mass
Excessive subcutaneous fat and low muscle mass In the Nutrition Care Process, excessive subcutaneous fat and low muscle mass is a nutrition-focused physical finding that could indicate a physical inactivity diagnosis. Infrequent, low-duration and/or low-intensity physical activity and low cardiorespiratory fitness and/or low muscle strength are both parameters of food and nutrition-related history and psychological diagnoses such as depression and anxiety disorders are client history parameters.
Assuming that a patient's obesity is related to excessive energy intake is a form of which of the following?
Implicit bias Making assumptions about the etiology of a patient's obesity is a form of implicit bias. Implicit biases occur at the unconscious level and are involuntarily formed. These unconscious attitudes may influence the quality of the care delivery. Confirmation bias involves seeking to validate ideas or concepts that an individual wants to be true.
Participants are randomly assigned to follow one of three specific diet plans for 7 weeks to assess the impact of varying amounts of high-fructose corn syrup consumption on serum triglyceride levels. What kind of study is this?
Experimental In experimental study design, participants are randomly assigned to treatment groups, which does not occur in case-control or qualitative studies. Descriptive studies focus on studying and describing the distribution of one or more variables, without regard to hypotheses such as causality
Which conceptual model suggests that an individual's perception of why a medical condition developed and how it should be treated is influenced by cultural beliefs? Health Belief Model Stages of Change Model Common Sense Model Explanatory Model of illness
Explanatory Model of illness The explanatory model of illness suggests that individuals' beliefs about why a condition started, how long it will last, and what treatments are appropriate is affected by cultural beliefs. The Health Belief Model focuses on individuals' perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act. The Stages of Change Model focuses on individuals' motivation and readiness to change a problem behavior. The Common Sense Model focuses on individuals' ability to control and regulate impulses, regardless of emotion.
Which of the following represents a more likely reason an older adult may become dehydrated?
Fear of incontinence Fear of a lack of voluntary control over urination may keep an older adult from adequately hydrating.
Which of the following is true with regard to recommendations for introducing first foods to a healthy infant? a. First foods should be composed of one single ingredient b. It's acceptable for first foods to comprise two ingredients so long as they are from the same food group c. Human milk or formula should be immediately discontinued once solid foods are introduced d. Because of the potential for food allergies, infant cereals should always be introduced last.
First foods should be composed of one single ingredient The first solid foods introduced should comprise a single ingredient and be fed in conjunction with human milk or formula, which should be gradually reduced to 28 oz to 32 oz per day. The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition recommends that pureed meats or infant cereals be introduced first, as they are good sources of iron and zinc, which are the most likely deficient nutrients in the diets of US infants.
Which of the following is an example of a food that has been preserved by lowering water activity by adding a solute? Canned corn Sun-dried tomatoes Frozen peas Grape jelly
Grape jelly Solutes such as sugar added to jams and jellies and salt added to cured meats inhibit microbial growth by lowering water activity. Canning does not lower water activity; freezing forms ice crystals, which removes water from the solution in the foods that are frozen. The lower water activity of sun-dried tomatoes is due to the removal of water, not the addition of a solute. While the vapor pressure is decreased due to the higher levels of sugar and or salt in dehydrated foods, salt and sugar are not added to the product as a solute.
Under which category within nutrition-focused physical findings would lanugo be documented?
Hair Lanugo is fine, pale hair. Lanugo is present in undernourished patients; an example of a patient who may present with lanugo hair formation is one with protein-energy malnutrition related to anorexia nervosa. According to the Nutrition Care Process, lanugo is documented in the Hair category of Nutrition-Focused Physical Findings.
Which of the following situations reduces a manager's span of control? Managing less complicated work Having a greater geographical dispersion of workers Receiving expert advice from colleagues or superiors Using clear and comprehensive policies
Having a greater geographical dispersion of workers Span of control refers to the number of subordinates that can be managed effectively and efficiently by a supervisor. Geographic dispersion can diminish span of control.
Which of the following is an example of focus strategy?
Hospital begins marketing home meal replacements and delivery for its hospital staff Focus strategy uses a cost leadership or differentiation strategy to target a specific, limited-size market niche. This approach is exemplified in a hospital's plan to market home meal replacements and delivery for its hospital staff.
The implementation of more liberal food choices in the menu planning process for long-term-care settings has been associated with which of the following?
Increased nutrient and fluid intake among LTC residents Liberalizing food choices in long-term care encourages older adults to increase food consumption and meal satisfaction. It does not increase obesity risk
Which one of the following is NOT included in the statin benefit group according to the 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults? Individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevations > 190 mg/dL Individuals 40 to 75 years of age with diabetes and LDL-C between 70 and 189 mg/dL Individuals with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) Individuals without ASCVD, diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 75 and who have a 10-year risk of 5.5%
Individuals without ASCVD, diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 75 and who have a 10-year risk of 5.5% According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, the individuals listed in options A, B, and C are routinely prescribed a statin; the individuals listed in option D are not. Statin use is indicated in individuals whose ASCVD risk score is 7.5% and above
Which of the following characteristics is key to an efficient and effective system?
Interdependency of parts A system is a collection of interrelated parts or subsystems unified by design to obtain one or more objectives. Interdependency is the reciprocal relationship of the parts of a system; each part mutually affects the performance of the others. Interdependency emphasizes the importance of viewing the organization as a whole rather than as isolated parts. The other responses (ie, continuous response and adaptation to a system, flow of resources through a system, and achievement of subunit objectives) all are isolated parts of a system.
Which of the following is a disadvantage to using concrete for foodservice flooring? It can become slippery It is expensive It is nonporous It can only be used in food preparation areas
It can become slippery The advantage of using concrete for foodservice flooring is that it is inexpensive. However, the fact that it can become slippery when wet represents a disadvantage. Other disadvantages are that it is a porous material and it is not recommended for use in food preparation areas
Which of the following laboratory values would indicate a risk for developing atherosclerosis?
LDL > 250
In accordance with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) product labeling regulations, what is the calorie requirement per serving for a food item to be considered "calorie free?"
Less than 5 kcal
When monitoring the outcomes of a type 2 diabetes intervention, which result would indicate the intervention was successful? Increase in low-density lipoprotein Reduction in vitamin D, 25 hydroxy Reduction in hemoglobin A1c Increase in blood pressure
Reduction in hemoglobin A1c
In a foodservice operation, which of the following is the most critical point of control? Menu Quality Distribution Food procurement
Menu The menu, a list of food items, serves as the primary control of the foodservice operation and is the common core to all functions. The menu controls each subsystem, is a major determinant for the budget, and reflects the "personality" of the foodservice operation. The menu affects the layout of the operation and the equipment needed to produce it.
Yogurt manufacturers produce many different varieties because they believe customers prefer different types of yogurts. By doing so, which of the following marketing concepts are these manufacturers applying?
Product Yogurt manufacturers are using the concept of product when they offer many different types and flavors of yogurt. Selling, manufacturing, and societal marketing concepts do not focus on offering different types of the same product.
Which of the following is the body mass index (BMI) range for overweight?
Overweight BMI is 25.0-29.9 Obesity (Class 1) BMI is 30.0-34.9 Obesity Class 2 BMI is 35.0-39.9 Severe obesity (class 3) BMI is 40.0-49.9
What type of herb may be recommended for a client with an upset stomach? Peppermint Lavender Saw palmetto Echinacea
Peppermint Peppermint and chamomile are often recommended for settling an upset stomach. Saw palmetto may exacerbate gastrointestinal distress. Lavender is known for relaxation. Echinacea has been suggested as a means to boost immunity.
Which of the following is a recommendation for feeding a child with neuromuscular problems? Position child to sit with feet and hips at 90º angle Turn on the TV to help as a distraction Make sure all hot foods have cooled to lukewarm before serving Remain standing to avoid sudden movements if there is a spill
Position child to sit with feet and hips at 90º angle If a child with neuromuscular problems can sit upright in a chair or infant seat, the child should be seated upright with hips and feet at a 90º angle. The setting should be a quiet atmosphere without television, though soft music is acceptable. The person feeding the child should be seated and facing the child at eye level. Hot foods should be served hot and cold foods should be served cold.
Heat applied to a food will denature which of the food's components?
Proteins Denaturation of proteins occurs when foods are subjected to heat, agitation, or ultraviolet light. Denaturation is the relaxing of a protein's tertiary structure to the secondary structure. Heat can degrade vitamins, fats, and carbohydrates
Which of the following statements about patient-centered medical homes (PCMH) is true? The cost for chronic care remains constant Traditional medical records are essential Patients are responsible for access to care Providers teams change as health care needs differ
Providers teams change as health care needs differ One of the biggest advantages of a PCMH is access to care—the team of providers changes as the health care needs differ. All other statements are false with regard to PCMH.
What type of power is used when placing an employee on a performance improvement plan?
Punitive PIPs are typically implemented when an employee is not meeting specific job goals or demonstrates behaviors of concern to management. The PIP gives the employee the opportunity to address the deficiency and succeed
What type of study is this?: A focus group that evaluates food habits among adults with a BMI >30 who eat at buffet-style restaurants at least once a month. Meta-analysis Qualitative Quantitative Experimental
Qualitative A focus group is a form of qualitative research that is used to ask people about their habits, behavior, practices, beliefs, etc.
Which of the following flooring materials would be best suited for high-traffic cooking areas?
Quarry tiles Quarry tile is wear resistant and nonporous. Ceramic tile is best used on walls. Concrete is hard, tires employees by causing muscle fatigue, and may cause accidents if individuals slip or fall when the floor is wet. Rubber floors are more difficult to clean.
Which of the following design types is considered the most reliable for evaluating practices and medical treatments?
Randomized controlled trials In randomized controlled trials, participants are randomly assigned to control or treatment groups. This approach allows the researcher to derive knowledge about causes of diseases and to evaluate the effectiveness of results from the various treatment groups.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding organic foods? Raw or processed agricultural products in the organic category may contain up to 5% non-organic ingredients allowed per the National List. Some operations are exempt from certification, including organic farmers who sell organic foods or crops worth $10,000 or less. Raw or processed agricultural products in the "100% organic" category must contain ingredients that are at least 90% certified organic. A product labeled as "MADE WITH" organic may use the USDA organic seal if no more than three ingredients are not certified.
Raw or processed agricultural products in the organic category may contain up to 5% non-organic ingredients allowed per the National List.
What is the goal when using the Six Sigma quality improvement method?
Reduce failure points without spending too much time or money. The goal of Six Sigma is not to eliminate all failures of quality but rather reduce them until it is no longer cost-effective to pursue any further reduction.
Which of the following is an example of a violation of "beneficence" according to the Code of Ethics? Failing to obtain state licensure Providing MNT to a dialysis patient despite having no training in renal dietetics Submitting a research paper that plagiarizes a textbook Sending an all-staff memo to accuse an employee of theft
Sending an all-staff memo to accuse an employee of theft Beneficence represents the concept of professionalism. Within this category, the Code of Ethics requires that individuals "demonstrate respect, constructive dialogue, civility and professionalism in all communications, including social media." Any suspicions of theft in the workplace should be addressed confidentially. In the Code of Ethics, state licensure and respecting intellectual property rights are related to autonomy, and practicing within professional limits is related to non-maleficence
What is considered the evidence for a nutrition diagnostic statement?
Signs and symptoms
A manager notices two cooks arguing, and it is disrupting the work environment. What first disciplinary step should the manager take if this is a first-time occurrence?
Speak with both cooks privately Counseling is the first step before formal disciplinary action is taken. For the first-time offense, the manager should separately meet with each cook in the office and counsel them privately about their actions.
During a nutrition consult, a patient says: "I understand I can improve my diet by packing my own lunch, but I don't want to miss the social time with my coworkers." In the setting of motivational interviewing, what is this an example of?
Sustain talk The client's statement is not change talk because it argues for the status quo. Developing discrepancy is a technique employed by the clinician. Motivational interviewing rejects the concept of resistance and understands ambivalence is a natural component of the change process. The client's statement is an example of sustain talk because it presents an argument for maintaining status quo
Why is it critical to use a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool?
To limit unnecessary nutrition referrals A malnutrition screening tool that is valid and reliable increases the likelihood of positively identifying possible malnutrition, thereby reducing referrals for individuals who do not have malnutrition. Screening is intended to identify risk and not evaluate and diagnose; as such, screening takes place before the Nutrition Care Process.
For a food to be labeled "light" or "lite," how many calories can it contain?
The food labeling law defines "light" or "lite" as 1/3 fewer calories than the regular food.
In a PES statement, what is the phrase that links signs and symptoms to etiology?
The format for each nutrition diagnosis, or PES, statement is problem (P) related to etiology (E) as evidenced by signs and symptoms (S).
Which of the following situations show that a manager is following the Kaizen process improvement method?
The manager engages employees at all levels to identify opportunities. Kaizen is about building a culture where all employees are actively engaged in suggesting and implementing improvements. A manager who engages employees at all levels to identify opportunities is following Kaizen methodology.
Which of the following is an advantage of a case control study?
They are inexpensive to conduct It is relatively inexpensive to conduct a case control study. However, in these studies, it also can be very difficult to validate data and select a suitable comparison group, and they do not help in studying the mechanism of disease.
What type of commercial cooking equipment allows the user to fry, simmer, steam, saute, or grill a variety of foods in large batches?
Tilting skillet A tilting skillet has the capacity to meet a broad range of cooking needs. It can fry, simmer, steam, saute, or grill a variety of foods in large batches.
What is the most important reason to obtain client consent for posting photographs on social media?
To ensure HIPAA compliance Although the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act does not specifically refer to social media, privacy could be violated if any patient information is posted. It is considered a standard of professionalism to obtain consent before posting any client testimonials or other details including names, images, and health conditions.
Which of the following represents a legal basis for dismissal, depending on company policy? Using Instagram and Twitter while at the workplace Complaining about the workplace dress code with coworkers while on office property Posting comments on a site that publishes employer reviews Creating a private group for colleagues to complain about a company's benefits package
Using Instagram and Twitter while at the workplace Although use of social media at the workplace is not in itself illegal, employers have the legal right to bar its use during work hours. However, posting comments on company review sites and airing grievances to other coworkers, so long as the complaints are related to employment terms and conditions, are forms of protected speech and employers do not have the legal right to terminate an employee for these behaviors.
Older adults are at higher risk of toxicity of which of the following vitamins?
Vitamin A Plasma levels and liver stores of vitamin A increase with age, along with decreased clearance from the blood, making older adults more susceptible to toxicity. Vitamin D levels, on the other hand, decline with age. Vitamin C is water soluble and thus clearance is easier. Vitamin K levels usually can be controlled via medication.
What deficiency can be masked by consumption of high levels of folate supplements?
Vitamin B12 Folate supplements will help the body recover from anemia that occurs from a deficiency of folate and vitamin B12. However, without adequate vitamin B12, neurological problems progress and become irreversible.
When is unintended weight loss a potentially inappropriate nutrition diagnosis?
When body changes are caused by fluid. Causes or contributing risk factors to unintended weight loss may include the following: -Physiological causes increasing nutrient needs -Decreased ability to consume sufficient energy -Lack of or limited access to food -Cultural practices that affect ability to access food -Prolonged hospitalization -Psychological causes such as depression and disordered eating -Lack of self-feeding ability However, unintended weight loss may not be an appropriate nutrition diagnosis when changes in body weight are the result of fluid
Providing advice and information can be a component of a successful patient interaction. Under what circumstances is it appropriate to provide advice or information? When the RDN has asked for permission from the client or if the client requests it When the RDN has limited time in a nutrition session When the RDN has a talkative client and needs to direct the focus of the interview After the RDN has established rapport and the client is ready to set goals
When the RDN has asked for permission from the client or if the client requests it Asking permission is a powerful request and places the patient in an autonomous position and readies them to be more receptive to information.
Which of the following is an example of internal benchmarking? a. A weight management clinic compares the effectiveness of its nutrition interventions over time b. An RDN compares their productivity against national productivity standards c. A hospital compares readmission rates of their nutrition support patients against other hospitals d. An RDN surveys other RDNs to compare nutrition intervention success rates
a. A weight management clinic compares the effectiveness of its nutrition interventions over time Internal benchmarking involves comparing outcome variables within an organization over time to determine if performance has improved or is in need of improvement.
The Emergency Food Assistance Program and the Disaster Feeding Program are examples of food distribution programs. Which of the following statements best describes the similarities of the two programs? a. Both programs serve children, adolescents, and other age groups and provide commodity foods to local food distribution and service agencies. b. Both programs serve older adults and provide commodity foods to local food distribution and service agencies c. Both programs serve low-income populations and supplemental food supplies are either distributed to individual households or as meals served in congregate dining centers. d. Both programs serve children, adolescents, and other age groups and food supplies are either distributed to individual households or as meals served in congregate dining centers.
a. Both programs serve children, adolescents, and other age groups and provide commodity foods to local food distribution and service agencies. The Emergency Food Assistance Program does not distribute to individual households.
What should family/caregiver be advised to do if a person with type 1 diabetes experiences a severe hypoglycemia event and is unconscious?
administer glucagon Glucagon will mobilize glucose from the liver to raise blood sugar level
Which of the following must be true for a food to be labeled "low fat"
contains no more than 3 g fat per serving