EC-6 391
primary soure
A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.
Scalene Triangle
A triangle where all three sides are different in length.
Equilateral Triangle
A triangle with all three sides the same length. All equilateral triangles are also isoceles triangles. All three internal angles are also congruent to each other and are each 60°.
metamorphic rock
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
Atom
Smallest particle of an element
assembly line
when parts of a product are put together as they move down a line of workers.
Francis Scott Key
wrote the Star Spangled Banner, which encourages patriotism and unity.
Factor tree
A diagram showing how a composite number breaks down into its prime factors.
James Madison
"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.
In order for a green are to survive, what is needed?
A diverse ecosystem- different plants and animals.
Minuend
...
DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
Iteration
A computational process in which a cycle of actions or operations is repeated, generally to get closer to a final answer.
Ways of Amending the Constitution
1. To purpose an amendment 2. 2/3 Congress ( Senate & House of Rep)
Bills of Rights
10 amendments that guaranteed freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly
Stamp Act
1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.
Manifest Destiny
1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.
Battle of the Alamo
1836 attack on the Alamo mission in San Antonio by Mexican forces during the Texas revolution. (Texas wanted independence)
Articles of Confederation
1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
Francisco Coronado
A Spanish soldier and commander; in 1540, he led an expedition north from Mexico into Arizona; he was searching for the legendary Seven Cities of Gold, but only found Adobe pueblos.
Ecosystem
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Geometry
A branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. Considered to have its formal beginning in about 300 BC, when the Greek mathematician Euclid gathered what was known at the time, added original work of his own, and arranged 465 propositions into 13 books, called 'Elements'.
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.
Amendment
A change in, or addition to, a constitution or law
Common Denominator
A common multiple of two or more denominators for 1/6 and 5/8, it is 24.
Ratio
A comparison of two or more values( 1/2, 4/6 or 1:2, 4:6) or ( 1 is to 2; 4 is to 6).
Face
A flat surface of a solid figure
Totalitarian
A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)- Controls everything
Polyhedron
A geometric figure solid with flat faces and straight edges.
line graph
A graph in which a line shows changes in data, often over time
Scatterplot
A graph showing paired data values. A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations between variables with a certain confidence interval
Histogram
A graph showing the results of tabulating the number of items found in defined categories and shown using vertical bars; often referred to as a bar chart.
Coordinate system
A graph with a horizontal number line (x-axis) and a vertical number line (y-axis) that are perpendicular to each other. The point of intersection is called the origin and labeled 0 on the graph. An ordered pair (x,y) is used to name a point on a coordinate system.
Electoral College
A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
constellation
A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky.
Expression
A mathematical phrase that combines numbers and/or variables using mathematical operations. An expression is a representation of a value; for example, variables and/or numerals that appear alone or in combination with operators are expressions. Examples: 5 + 6 - (3 + 2)/18 a + b - c
Mass
A measure of how much matter is in an object. Commonly measured by how much something weighs. But weight can change depending on where you are (such as on the moon) while this stays the same.
Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object.
Inductive Reasoning
A method of drawing a probable conclusion from an emerging configuration of data. It occurs by analyzing observations and discovering common patterns. When patterns repeat for an extended period of time, an analyst can logically predict that those patterns will continue to repeat.
Pi
A name given to the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter. That means, for any circle, you can divide the circumference (the distance around the circle) by the diameter and always get exactly the same number. It doesn't matter how big or small the circle is, Pi remains the same. While Pi has a decimal that never ends, it is usually estimated as 3.14.
Power (of a number)
A number found by multiplying the number by itself one or more times.
Average
A number obtained by dividing the sum of tow or more addends by the number of addends (2+4+6 = 12/3 = 4
Ordered pair
A number pair, such as (2,3), in which the 2 (x-axis) is the first number and the 3 (y-axis) is the second number.
Prime Number
A number that can be divided evenly only by 1 or itself. And it must be a whole number greater than 1.
Divisor
A number that divides another number. In the example 36/4 = 9, the 4 is the divisor.
Common Factor
A number that is a factor of two or more numbers. A common factor of 9 and 6 is 3.
Common multiple
A number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. A common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6.
Addend
A number that is added. in 5 + 8 = 13, the addends are 5 and 8
Dividend
A number that is divided by another number. For example, in 36/4 = 9, 36 is the dividend.
Multiplicand/multiplier
A number that is multiplied by another number. In 7 x 4 =28 the multiplicand is 7 and the multiplier is 4.
Exponent
A number that tells how many times the base is to be used as a factor or to be multiplied by itself. in 2 to the 3rd power, 2 is the base and 3 is the exponent meaning 2x2x2
Factor
A number to be multiplied or a number that divides evenly into a given second number is a factor of that number. In 2x3 =6, 2 and 3 are factors of 6
Irrational Number
A number whose decimal form is nonterminating and nonrepeating. Irrational numbers can't be expressed as fractions.
Composite
A number with more than two factors
Ordered Pair
A pair of numbers used to locate a point on a coordinate plane is called an ordered pair. An ordered pair is written in the form (x, y) where x is the x-coordinate and y is the y-coordinate.
Common Sense
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation
Rhombus
A parallelogram with four congruent sides.
Waning Gibbous
A phase of the moon that comes after a full moon and before a last quarter moon where all of the moon is lit up except for a small bit on the right side of the moon that we can see.
Mathematical Proofs
A proof is a rhetorical device for convincing someone else that a mathematical statement is true or valid.
Parallelogram
A quadrilateral (any four-sided polygon) with opposite sides parallel and congruent.
Trapezoid
A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides. These sides are called the upper and lower bases.
Function
A relation that uniquely associates members of one set with members of another set. There will always be three main parts: The input, The relationship, The output. For instance, 4(input) X 2(function) = 8(output)
asexual reproduction
A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
Circle Graph
A round graph that uses different-sized wedges to show how portions of a set of data compare with the whole set.
Acute triangle
A triangle that contains acute angles (<0 and > 90 degrees
rock cycle
A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Polygon
A simple closed figure with any number of sides (square, triangle, hexagon etc.).
Scarcity
A situation in which unlimited wants exceed the limited resources available to fulfill those wants( The price increase with scarcity of products)
Protractor
A square, circular or semicircular tool, typically in transparent perspex, for measuring angles. The units of measurement utilized are usually degrees
Algorithm
A step by step procedure or formula for solving a problem
Array
A systematic arrangement of objects or numbers, generally in rows and columns
Communism
A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
plate tectonics
A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.(continental drift)
Triangular Trade
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
Pictograph
A visual representation used to make comparisons. A key always appears at the bottom of a pictograph or picture graph showing how many each object represents
Northwest Passage
A water route from the Atlantic to the Pacific through northern Canada and along the northern coast of Alaska. Sought by navigators since the 16th century.
Set
A well-defined collection of objects or numbers.
Composite number
A whole number greater than 1 that is not a prime number (e.g 4, 6, 9, 10, 12 etc).
Federal Jurisdiction
The power of the federal courts to hear a case
George Mason
American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)- " The founding Father Who Gave Us The Bills of Rights"
Interior Angles
An angle inside a shape. When you add up the Interior Angle and Exterior Angle you get a straight line, 180°. The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. All the interior angles of a square are right angles -- that means that they are all 90 degrees.
Obtuse angle
An angle that measures greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
Acute Angle
An angle that measures greater that 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees
Columbian Exchange
An exchange of goods, ideas and skills from the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) to the New World (North and South America) and vice versa.
anerometer
An instrument used to measure wind speed
Manipulatives
An object which is designed so that a learner can perceive some mathematical concept by manipulating it. The use of manipulatives provides a way for children to learn concepts in a developmentally appropriate, hands-on and an experiencing way. Mathematical manipulatives are used in the first step of teaching mathematical concepts, that of concrete representation.
Rational number
Any number that can be expressed as a fraction a/b where a and b are integers and b does not equal 0, such as 3, 3/1, 1/4, .34 and 56 percent.
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
Hypothesis
the information that is assumed to be true
Judicial Branch
Branch of government that decides if laws are carried out fairly. ( supreme court and lower federal court)
Atoms
Building blocks of matter
Greatest Common Factor
the largest number that is a factor of all of the numbers given in a problem
At the beginning of class, Mrs. Williams shares a paragraph with a student, asking her if she would read it aloud later in the class. Mrs. Williams suggests she reads through the paragraph before reading it aloud. Which of the following are likely reasons why the teacher asked her to pre-read the paragraph? a. increased comprehension b. defining of challenging vocabulary c. improved prosody d. improved accuracy
C,D
Robert Hooke
Discovered cells
Linear Programming
the optimization of a linear quantity that is subject to constraints expressed as linear equations or inequalities
pistil/carpel
Female part of the flower (think ovary)
Estimating
Finding a number that is close enough to the right answer. You are not trying to get the exact right answer. What you want is something that is close enough. Also, involves the concept of predicting, or making an educated guess
All living things have a cell wall if broken
the organism will die
full moon
the phase of the moon in which we see the entire moon lighted, and it appears bright and round.
opportunity cost
Cost of the next best alternative use of money, time, or resources when one choice is made rather than another
Prime Factorization
Finding which prime numbers multiply together to make the original number.
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning is one of the two basic forms of valid reasoning. It begins with a general hypothesis or known fact and creates a specific conclusion from that generalization. The basic idea of deductive reasoning is that if something is true of a class of things in general, this truth applies to all members of that class.
Longitude
Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
Radiation
Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles.
Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)
First representative assembly in the american colonies. Representatives immediately began to enact laws and to safeguard the individual rights. Setting precedent in the colonies for individual rights protected by law ( British law did not provide for individual rights.)
Statue of Liberty
European immigrants saw this structure as a symbol of hope and freedom.
Expanded form
Expressing a number as factors [325 = (3x100) + (2x10) + (5x1)]
Rounding
Expressing a number to the nearest thousandth, hundredth, tenth, one, ten, hundred, thousand, and so on as directed.
states of matter
the physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, and gas.
Newton third law of motion
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. (equal & opposite)
Equivalent Fractions
Fractions that may look different, but are equal to each other. Two equivalent fractions may have a different numerator and a different denominator. For instance, The fractions 2/3 and 4/6 are equivalent. (A fraction is also equivalent to itself. In this case, the numerator and denominator would be the same.)
4th Amendment
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
19th Amendment (1920)
Gave women the right to vote
Isoceles Triangle
Has at least two sides that are exactly the same length. This forces two of their angles to also be acute angles of exactly the same size.
Congruent Triangles
If two triangles are congruent they will have exactly the same three sides and exactly the same three angles. The equal sides and angles may not be in the same position (if there is a turn or a flip), but they will be there.
Diagonal
In a polygon, a segment that connects one vertex to another vertex but is not a side of the polygon.
Pythagorean Theorem
In any right triangle, the are of the square whose side in the the hypotenuse (longest side and opposite from the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the sides that meet at the right angle). Where c is the length of the hypotenuse and a and b are the lengths of the two sides, this may be expressed as a squared + b squared = c squared.
Place Value
In our decimal number system, the value of a digit depends on its place, or position, in the number. Each place has a value of 10 times the place to its right.
Texas economy is...
Interdependent ( among, between to hang from, be dependent on)
Eli Whitney
Invented the cotton gin
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Invented the microscope
Cold War
the power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II
type of biomes
Land - desert, forest, grassland, tundra (Water) Marine - Saltwater, Freshwater, Biomes
Parallel lines
Lines in the same plane that do not intersect.
Perpendicular lines
Lines that intersect at right angles.
plate tectonics
a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.
Quadrilaterals
Means "four sides. "Any four-sided shape is a Quadrilateral. But the sides have to be straight, and it has to be 2-dimensional.
Net
a two dimensional figure that can be cut out and folded up to make a three-dimensional solid
Planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
New Moon
Moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, at which point the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth.
Oligoploy
a type of competitive market with only a small number of firms who control the industry
Art from varied cultures shows an array of focuses placed on different elements and principles. With this in mind, which of the following does not describe one of the six elements of painting from the Chinese tradition? a. composition: has balance or unity b. creativity: vibrant and having movement (sense of life) c. subject: shows an abstract perspective of the object the painting represents d. brushwork: uses the brush with the "bone method"
NOT DorB
8th Amendment
No cruel or unusual punishment
James Otis
No taxation without representation
Inverse operations
Operations that are the opposite of each other and cancel each other out. Addition and subtractions are inverse operations, as are multiplication and division
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
igneous rock
a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface. (sponge like, lava)
Deduction
the process of arriving at a conclusion based on statements that are known to be true
Induction
the process of finding a pattern from a group of examples
Probability
Probability (or likelihood) is a measure or estimation of how likely it is that something will happen or that a statement is true. Probabilities are given a value between 0 (0% chance or will not happen) and 1 (100% chance or will happen). The higher the degree of probability, the more likely the event is to happen, or, in a longer series of samples, the greater the number of times such event is expected to happen.
convergent evolution
Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
Rational numbers
the quotient a/b (a over b) of two integers, where b doesn't equal 0
Standard Deviation
the square rotor the variance
What part of the body benefits from vitamin D?
Our bones
Line segment
Part of a line with two endpoints.
Early Settlers
Particularly those from the southern United States, came to East Texas because the climate and soil were similar to the South and were good for farming.
Photosynthesis
Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars.
white blood cells
Play a defensive mechanism, part of the immune system.
Girth
The distance around something; the circumference.
Reciprocals
Reciprocals are two numbers which multiply together and make 1. They are also called multiplicative inverses of each other. For example: 3 and 1/3 are reciprocals because 3 × 1/3 = 1 5/6 and 6/5 are reciprocals because 5/6 × 6/5 = 1 -0.2 and -5 are reciprocals because -0.2 × -5 = 1
What positive outcome did the Civil War have for the US in the eyes of the world?
Respect
14th Amendment
Rights of Citizens
rock formation
Rock that formed in a particular way at a certain time in geologic history
Newton first law of motion
Scientific law that states and object at rest will stay at rest.
Radius
The distance from the center of a circle to the edge of the circle. It is also half the diameter of a circle.
15th Amendment (1870)
States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.
Commutative Property
States that changing the order of addends does not change the sum. That is, a + b = b + a. Commutative Property of Multiplication: It states that changing the order of factors does not change the product. That is, a × b = b × a.
Zero - Product Property
States that if the product of two factors is zero, then at least one of the factors must be zero
Distributive Property
States that the product of a number and a sum is equal to the sum of the individual products of addends and the number. That is: a(b + c) = ab + ac.
Endpoint
The point at the end of a line segment
Supplementary Angles
Supplementary angles are two angles that add up to give a straight angle, 180°.
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens
Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)
Supreme Court decision that overturned the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision (1896); led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court ruled that "separate but equal" schools for blacks were inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional. The decision energized the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s. ( racial segregation of children in public school)
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme Court ruling (1819) confirming the supremacy of national over state government
economic system
the structure of methods and principles that a society uses to produce and distribute goods and services
Steel is a metal.
That is magnetic
Judicial Review
The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Mayflower Compact (1620)
The Mayflower Compact, signed by 41 English colonists on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was an early step toward written frameworks of government in what is now the United States. The compact was drafted to prevent dissent among Puritans and non-separatist Pilgrims who had landed at Plymouth a few days earlier.
5th Amendment
The Right to Remain Silent/Double Jeopardy, right to due process
Absolute Value
The absolute value of a real number is equal to the numeric value of the number without regard to its sign (e.g -3 is 3) Absolute value is often thought of as the distance a number is from zero on the number line
Newton second law of motion
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.
Acculturation
The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.
Volume
The amount of 3-dimensional space an object occupies. For a rectangle the formula would be length times width time depth or height. Since there are three dimensions it is expressed as cubics (9 cubic inches).
Area
The amount of space inside the boundary of a flat (2-dimensional) object such as a triangle, rectangle or circle. Different objects have different formulas to determine area. For a rectangle it is length X width. Area of a triangle is 1/2 of the base times the height. The area would be expressed as a square (10 square feet, etc.)
Mean
The average of a set of numbers; the sum of the numbers divided by how many number there are; 2 + 5 +5 =12, then 12/3 = an average/mean of 4
Associative Property
The change in grouping of three or more addends or factors does not change their sum or product. holds good for both addition and multiplication, but not for subtraction and division. Addition: (2 + 3) + 5 = 2 + (3 + 5) Multiplication: (4 X 5) X 10 = 4 X (5 X 10)
Vertex
The common endpoints of two rays that form an angle, or the point of intersection of two sides of a polygon of polyhedron
water cycle
The continual movement of water among Earth's atmosphere, oceans, and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. (Sun)
Range
The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.
Significant Number (or Figures)
The digits in a value that are known with some degree of confidence. As the number of these increases, the more certain the measurement. They are especially important in rounding.
Conduction
The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching.
Diameter
The distance across a circle through its center point. It is twice the radius of the circle.
Circumference
The distance around a circle (C). C=pi times the diameter or d X pi. Or, 2radius X pi. (Pi - 3.14).
Perimeter
The distance around a two-dimensional shape, such as a triangle or rectangle.
Gregor Mendel
The father of genetics - Experimented with pea plants
gravitational pull
The force of gravity between two objects like the Earth and the Sun and the Earth and the moon.
Greatest Common Factor (GFC)
The greatest number that is a factor of each of two or more given numbers. Examples: The greatest common factor of 24 and 15 is 3. The greatest common factor of 40, 50, and 25 is 5.
Translation
The image of a figure that has been "slid" to a new position without flipping of turning.
Waxing Crescent Moon
The lighted part of the moon is on the right side and is beginning to grow larger. The moon is a crescent shape. Light on.
Troposphere
The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
Stamen
The male reproductive part of a flower (provides the pollen & necessary for fertilization)
Probability
The measure of how likely an event is. It is usually determined by dividing the number of ways something can happen by the total number of outcomes.
Median
The middle number of a set of numbers after they have been placed in numerical order. In the set [2,3,4], 3 is the median. If there are an even number of numbers, the median is the average of the two middle numbers.
first quarter moon
The moon is a quarter of the way around the Earth. You can see the right half of the moon.
Waxing Gibbous Moon
The moon's phase in which the sunlight portion of the moon is still growing larger and the right side, but is now more than half. This shape for the moon has a special name.
Frequency
The number of times a score appears in a list of data.
Mode
The number that occurs the most frequently in a set of data. In the set [2,4,4,3,5] 4 is the mode.
Additive Inverse
The opposite of the number. A number and its opposite add up to give zero. They are called inverse additives of each other.
Exoshpere
The outer layer of the thermosphere, extending outward into space. 5th layer
endocrine and digestive systems
The pancreas regulates sugar in the human body.
Waning Crescent Moon
The phase in which the sunlight portion of the moon is beginning to shrink smaller and is now on the left side. Light off.
third quarter moon
The phase of the moon when it is three-quarters of the way through its orbit, and we see half of the moon lighted.
Classification
The process of grouping things based on their similarities.
Fact Families
The related number sentences for addition and subtraction or multiplication and division that contains all the same numbers (e.g. 2+3 =5; 3+2 =5; 5-3 =2; and 5-2 =3)
Stratosphere
The second-lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere.
Mesosphere
The strong, lower part of the mantle between thermosphere and stratosphere 3rd layer from earth
Perimeter
The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon (p = 2l x 2w where l =length and w = width).
Gross Domestic Product
The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation
Which of the following body systems is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide? a. circulatory system b. lymphatic system c. respiratory system d. digestive system
c. respiratory system
Convection
The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid. (Heat that is circulated.) Example: oven
nitrogen cycle
The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere.
Thermosphere
The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases 4th layer from earth
Integers
The whole numbers and their negatives (e.g. -2, -1, 0, 1, 2).
How do fossils fuel affect the earth?
They release carbon dioxide
How does the Moon and Sun interact with one another?
Tilt
Symmetry
To discover what symmetry is, take a piece of paper, fold it, and cut out a shape along the fold. Unfold the shape that you cut out. This figure is symmetric. That means it is exactly the same on both sides of the crease. The simplest symmetry is Reflection Symmetry (sometimes called Line Symmetry or Mirror Symmetry). It is easy to recognise, because one half is the reflection of the other half.
Bisect
To divide into two congruent parts
Complementary Angles
Two Angles that add up to 90 degrees (a Right Angle). They don't have to be next to each other, just so long as the total is 90 degrees.
Congruent angles
Two angles that have the same degree of measurement.
Complementary angle
Two angles whose sum is equal to 90 degrees.
Adjacent angles
Two angles with a common vertex, a common ray, and not common interior points
division or power/divided government
Used to prevent the power of the government from being in the hands of one person such as England.
Order of operations
When there is more than one operation and parentheses are used, first do what is inside the parentheses, then the exponents. Next, multiply or divide from left to right. Then add of subtract from left to right (PEMDAS of Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally).
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal. " separate but equal"
terrarium
a closed environment cycle in nature.
Point
a dimensionless location with no length, width, or height
Magna Carta
a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.
Plane
a flat surface defined by three points; planes extend indefinitely in two dimentsions
Linear Function
a function defined by the equation y=mx+b
Geoboards
a mathematical manipulative used to explore basic concepts in plane geometry such as perimeter, area and the characteristics of triangles and other polygons. It consists of a physical board with a certain number of nails half driven in, around which are wrapped rubber bands.
Accuracy
a measure of how close the results of measurement comes to the true value
Z-Score
a measure of the distance in standard deviations of a sample from the mean
Real Numbers
a member of the set of all numbers, rational and irrational
Statistical Hypothesis Testing
a method of determining, to within a certain confidence level, whether a particular conclusion can be accepted according to a certain set of data
Sequence
a pattern of numbers or symbols arranged in a particular order
Quadrilateral
a polygon with four sides
Line Segment
a portion of a line
Ray
a portion of a line that has only one end point and continues infinitely in one direction
Territory consumer
a predator that feeds on other predators (The owl is the ultimate predator)
Geometric Sequence
a series of numbers in which a common ratio can be multiplied by a term to yield the next term
Parabola
a set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point (focus) and a line (directrix)
Arithmetic Sequence
a set of numbers with a common difference between the terms
Which musical period focused on increasing range of compositions to reflect emotions? a. classical b. renaissance c. romantic d. modern
c. romantic
Mr. Michaels is working to improve the quality of discussions in his class. While he can usually count on having plenty of student share their ideas on a topic, they tend to simply share their answer instead of responding to or building on the ideas of other students. Which of the following strategies would help develop this skill? Select all answers that apply. a. Provide direct instruction on appropriate ways to disagree with a classmate's comments. b. Provide sentence stems that promote a summary of the previous speaker's thoughts. c. Have students take notes on each other's comments. d. Organize the room in a way that allows students to see each other while speaking, like a circle.
a,b,d
An early childhood teacher would offer which scenario to assess students phonological awareness? Select all that apply. a. "count the words" an activity in which teacher says a short sentence aloud multiple times and the student places a number on their desk depending on the number of words in the sentence b. "syllable segmentation" an activity in which the reacher has a student clap on every syllable of a word that is called out c. "alphabet scramble" an activity in which the teacher provides a student with a stack of letters and asks to put them in alphabetical order d. "stepping sentences" an activity in which the teacher assigns groups of students a word and each group stands when their assigned word is called
a. "count the words" an activity in which teacher says a short sentence aloud multiple times and the student places a number on their desk depending on the number of words in the sentence b. "syllable segmentation" an activity in which the reacher has a student clap on every syllable of a word that is called out d. "stepping sentences" an activity in which the teacher assigns groups of students a word and each group stands when their assigned word is called
A student who can compare cultural themes and artwork from several national periods is in line with: a. 5th grade b. 3rd-4th grade c. 1st-2nd grade d. kindergarten
a. 5th grade
Which of the following responses is the main reason someone would include an activity like yoga or Pilates in their fitness program? a. Activities like yoga or Pilates increase flexibility and help to prevent injury to joints and muscles. b. Activities like yoga and Pilates are popular activities and athletes enjoy participating in them. c. Activities like yoga or Pilates are anaerobic exercises and increase muscular strength. d. Activities like yoga or Pilates require cardiorespiratory endurance.
a. Activities like yoga or Pilates increase flexibility and help to prevent injury to joints and muscles.
He was the most influential composer in the transition from the classical to romantic period. a. Beethoven b. Brahms c. Mozart d. Bach
a. Beethoven
In relation to the elements of art, which statement is true concerning SHAPE and FORM? a. Forms have shape but shapes do not necessarily have form. b. Shapes have form but forms do not necessarily have shape. c. Shape can be implied but form cannot. d. Forms are two-dimensional and shapes are three-dimensional.
a. Forms have shape but shapes do not necessarily have form.
A kindergarten class is learning about seasons. What would be the best way to incorporate art with this lesson? a. Gather leaves, twigs and other organic matter with various textures to create rubbings using warm or cool colors to indicate the weather. b. Have students draw exact representations of what they see. c. use the inspiration of nature to create 3d sculptures of life-sized objects. d. Use a high-power camera to trace professional images of the weather.
a. Gather leaves, twigs and other organic matter with various textures to create rubbings using warm or cool colors to indicate the weather.
Which of the following best represents the importance of proper nutrition for a healthy lifestyle? a. Proper nutrition can reduce the risk of illness and chronic disease. b. Proper nutrition decreases one's chances of reaching and maintaining a healthy weight. c. Proper nutrition can reduce risk factors for chronic diseases during childhood. d. Proper nutrition denies the body the necessary nutrients needed to stay healthy.
a. Proper nutrition can reduce the risk of illness and chronic disease.
In Mrs. Deaver's fifth-grade classroom, many students seem to enjoy using a word-processing program for writing. However, there are only four computers in the room. How could the teacher best make use of the limited classroom computer access? a. Reserve computers for revisions; facilitate student rotations with a computer station to provide time for all students. b. Allow students who particularly struggle with spelling skills to use the computers; all others right by hand. c. Let students earn the privilege of using the computers for drafting; require revisions be completed independently. d. Prioritize those with limited access; allow students who do not have computers at home to use the computers during class time.
a. Reserve computers for revisions; facilitate student rotations with a computer station to provide time for all students.
In an elementary physical education class, which of the following should be the focus for a teacher when choosing instructional activities? a. Teachers should choose inclusive instructional activities that can be altered for students with diverse abilities. b. Teachers should choose activities that that are very difficult for the average student so that there is enough of a challenge to increase student ability. c. Teachers should prepare all students to play competitive sports in their later schooling years. d. Teachers should choose activities that all students can accomplish at the same level.
a. Teachers should choose inclusive instructional activities that can be altered for students with diverse abilities.
A fifth-grade teacher would like to preserve instruction time by only testing the class's reading level twice, once at the beginning of the year to guide instruction and once at the end of the year to measure their growth. Which of the following best explains why this is would not be a reasonable change in testing expectations? a. Testing a student's reading level during the year provides data on whether current instructional practices are working and presents the opportunity for teachers to better match students with appropriately leveled texts. b. Periodic testing of student reading levels improves reading comprehension because it provides specific practice recalling information. c. Tests that measure reading levels are opportunities to both measure student reading skills and provide needed practice in the test taking skills that are also applicable when taking state mandated standardized tests. d. More frequent testing of students' reading levels helps maintain student motivation throughout the year and provides new opportunities to celebrate success.
a. Testing a student's reading level during the year provides data on whether current instructional practices are working and presents the opportunity for teachers to better match students with appropriately leveled texts.
How does the song "The Old Chisholm Trail" promote the heritage of Texas? a. The Chisholm Trail was traversed by ranchers driving cattle from Texas to Kansas. b. The Chisholm Trail describes the route taken by settlers from the east into Texas. c. The Chisholm Trail references the site of a significant battle in the fight for Texas independence. d. The Chisholm Trail was a particularly dangerous route through the Native American Territory that led to California.
a. The Chisholm Trail was traversed by ranchers driving cattle from Texas to Kansas.
A mature motor pattern for the volleyball skill of "bumping" or "forearm pass" includes which of the following? a. The player continues the motion through the ball in the direction that they are bumping the ball. b. The player keeps their eyes open when making contact with the ball. c. The player squats with the legs, rather than using back muscles for force. d. The player "calls" the ball.
a. The player continues the motion through the ball in the direction that they are bumping the ball.
Which of the following is a reason that paired student discussion of a text would improve their reading comprehension of the text? a. The student must clarify their own understanding in order to explain it to someone else. b. It is a low-pressure situation to share one's perspective. c. Students are able to express opinions. d. It provides the opportunity to summarize.
a. The student must clarify their own understanding in order to explain it to someone else.
A small group of ELL students is struggling with recognizing how printed words and spoken language are related. Which activity below would best help the students develop this skill? a. The teacher reading aloud a familiar story to the group and pointing out the text and punctuation marks as she reads. b. In turns, one student will say a word and the rest of the group will write it on paper. c. Asking students comprehension questions during reading. d. Having the students read aloud to each other while the teacher listens and corrects.
a. The teacher reading aloud a familiar story to the group and pointing out the text and punctuation marks as she reads.
Which lesson could Mrs. Swanson use to help her sixth-grade students learn to write complex sentences? a. a lesson where students take example compound sentences and turn them into complex sentences b. a lesson on subordinating conjunctions and how to punctuate them c. a lesson where students match subordinate clauses to their independent clauses d. a lesson where students identify simple, compound, and complex sentences in a short story
a. a lesson where students take example compound sentences and turn them into complex sentences
Which of the following is a common metric used to evaluate students body fat? a. body mass index b. waist-to-hip ratio c. weight d. waist-to-age ratio
a. body mass index
A kindergarten teacher is creating a unit in the alphabet. She assigns each student a letter and asks them to bring an item from home that begins with the letter they are assigned. The students then recreate the alphabet using the items from their homes. This activity promotes the development of alphabetic principle through: a. collaboration with families b. students working in groups to cooperate in learning c. anchor activities d. students creating a word wall
a. collaboration with families
A third-grade teacher is going to read a story about two children visiting the aquarium. Which of the following activities is the best way to introduce the text to promote comprehension? a. complete a KWL chart b. listen to the story on audio c. have students write about their own experiences with aquatic animals d. find the aquarium on a map
a. complete a KWL chart
A music teacher is working through a unit on intervals, music notation, and music forms with upper elementary students. Which of the following methods provide the most effective instruction and make the most efficient use of time while providing immediate feedback? a. computers with music programs for students b. small-group instruction led by the teacher c. general instruction with audio tapes while the teacher pulls individual students out for private instruction d. individual instruction led by the teacher
a. computers with music programs for students
Which of the following mediums would an elementary art teacher most likely use to introduce her students to the exploration of lines as an element of art? a. crayons b. clay c. paper mache d. sand
a. crayons
On of Mrs. Finch's kindergarteners can identify most letters and knows the sounds of some, but is not able to decode many words with multiple syllables. What would best describe this student's stage of literacy development? a. early reader stage b. proficient reader stage c. emergent reader stage d. early fluent reader stage
a. early reader stage
Which of the following are appropriate ways for a teacher to help students develop literacy? Select all answers that apply. a. expect students to provide text evidence for their answers b. require each student to read unfamiliar texts out loud to the class on a regular basis c. provide flexible classroom seating to facilitate an easy transition between independent work and the opportunity to discuss their reading and writing with peers d. prevent overlap instruction in writing and speaking until students achieve mastery in reading
a. expect students to provide text evidence for their answers c. provide flexible classroom seating to facilitate an easy transition between independent work and the opportunity to discuss their reading and writing with peers
Coach Hays wants to increase her fifth-grade students' goal-setting skills. Which of the following will be most helpful in reaching this goal? a. helping students develop their own FITT plan, keeping in mind factors like interest and ability b. setting a goal that is specific and measurable for the entire class c. having students work in small groups and agree on a plan they will all use d. having a parent-teacher conference and writing down each students' goals during this conversation
a. helping students develop their own FITT plan, keeping in mind factors like interest and ability
Mr. Harvey's fourth grade class is reading about famous figures from Texas History. The class is going to see a performance of "The Texans: Birth of the Lone Star State", a musical about famous figures in Texas history. Taking students on this field trip will accomplish which of the following objectives? a. increasing student understanding through a culturally relevant theatrical performance b. teaching students that musicals can be about other cultures c. helping students appreciate visual arts d. showing students how theatre influences history
a. increasing student understanding through a culturally relevant theatrical performance
Research has analyzed many predictors of students success in learning in early grades. This research has found that which ofthe following abilities are the best predictors of good readers? a. knowledge of letters and phonemic awareness skills b. knowledge of segmentation skills c. ability to infer information from a written text d. ability to utilize alliteration skills
a. knowledge of letters and phonemic awareness skills
Sometimes reading difficulties are known not to be the outcome of lack of opportunities in education or limited intellect. Recent educational research has found that these difficulties are most often the result of what instead? a. lack of skills in phonological processing b. not being read to as a young child c. lack of being motivated c. background in another language
a. lack of skills in phonological processing
When students are active participants in their learning, they are more likely to retain the information they are learning. Teachers can promote active participation through all of the following except: a. lecture b. role playing c. brainstorming d. debates
a. lecture
Teachers of young children often read nursery rhymes and books with rhymes which help to promote phonemic awareness by teaching children to: a. listen for common sounds at the end of words and make predictions about those sounds b. break words into individual morphemes c. relate phonic to reading d. build on skills they already know
a. listen for common sounds at the end of words and make predictions about those sounds
Which of the following would best promote the increase of students' reading vocabulary? a. make time for students to engage in independent reading b. have students read different perspectives of the same historical event c. provide students with books at, or near, their frustrational reading level d. review students' journal entries with the student
a. make time for students to engage in independent reading
A music teacher asks two students to sing two different songs simultaneously. These two songs create a harmony when sung together. What type of song are the two students demonstrating? a. partner song b. round c. arrangement d. ballad
a. partner song
Which type of essay is intended to convince the reader of a particular position or point of view? a. persuasive b. narrative c. expository d. descriptive
a. persuasive
Which of the following strategies would be most effective in helping students in the emergent literacy stage of development? a. phonological awareness skills b. metacognitive thinking c. graphic organizers d. various genres
a. phonological awareness skills
A first grade student writes the following sentence on the board: "Mi dg lks mi hnd" but means "my dog licks my hand" Which of the following does the students sentence best demonstrate? a. prephonemic spelling b. phonemic spelling c. precommunicative spelling d. transitional spelling
a. prephonemic spelling
Mrs. Morrell has noticed come of her kindergarten students continue to struggle with print concepts. Which of the following are ways she could support student understanding? Select all that apply. a. prioritize opportunities for students to observe her reading b. assign independent reading of low level books c. provide direct instruction on punctuation d. provide letter tiles to each student and work with them to create words
a. prioritize opportunities for students to observe her reading c. provide direct instruction on punctuation
Students in Mrs. Upshaw's theatre class began discussing a play they recently saw where one of the characters on stage often appeared in direct light when confronted with upsetting news and then when deciding to perform an illicit deed the character was shown in a dark red light. Which of the following is the primary purpose of the lighting in the story? a. prompting inferences about the characters' personality b. enhancing performance visibility c. directing an actor's movement d. developing a realistic setting for the character
a. prompting inferences about the characters' personality
In order to improve reading comprehension, Mr. Parks should encourage his students to do which of the following before reading a narrative text? Select all answers that apply. a. read the "about the author" section b. read the guided reading questions provided by the textbook c. preview illustrations, the title, or bolded vocabulary words d. fill out a plot diagram
a. read the "about the author" section c. preview illustrations, the title, or bolded vocabulary words
Which of the following would be the most difficult locomotor movement? a. skipping b. rotating c. stretching d. walking
a. skipping
A second-grade teacher wants to improve his student's reading fluency. Which activity would be an effective way to achieve this goal? a. supervised oral reading b. guided questions during reading c. listening to a recording of the reading d. assigned reading homework
a. supervised oral reading
Decoding is the ability to understand and use sound-letter relationships to pronounce written words. Before being able to decode students should first be able to: a. use phonemic awareness and phonics b. understand syntax in recognizing new words and also know the denotative meaning c. understand the schema of the new word along with using phonics skills d. use schema and phonemes in words
a. use phonemic awareness and phonics
Use the following image to answer the question that follows. Which of the following families would the instrument above belong to? a. woodwind b. string c. brass d. percussion
a. woodwind
Homeothermic
able to control own body temperature
13th Amendment (1865)
abolished slavery
Ms. Ader wants her students to develop an understanding of how to write for different audiences. Which of the following writing activities will best address this goal? a. Students write a thank-you note to the local firefighter station. Students then write a thank-you note to the local police station. b. Students write to a friend about their school experiences so far. Students then rewrite the letter for their teacher. c. Students write to their principal requesting a day off. Students then write to the assistant principal asking for a day off. d. Students write instructions for a board game.
b. Students write to a friend about their school experiences so far. Students then rewrite the letter for their teacher.
A barometer is used to measure
air pressure and predicts changes in the weather.
supply and demand
an economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)
command economy
an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.
Proportion
an equation in which a fraction is set equal to another
Precision
an indication of how exact a measurement is, without reference to a true or real value
cold blooded animals
animals can be defined as the animals which cannot regulate their internal body temperature with the change in the environment. They cannot survive in extreme temperature conditions. (Fish, amphibians, and reptiles.)
wind turbine
are clean efficient and least harmful to the environment but environmentalists were concerned that they were going to kill birds at night (nocturnal)
Coach Keys is doing an activity with her fourth-grade physical education students. She has each student pair up with a peer to complete the activity. First student A will stand with their feet together, and student B will attempt to gently push student A off balance. Then student A will move their feet shoulders-width apart and student B will again lightly touch their partner in the same manner. Students then will swap places and repeat the activity. At the end of the activity Coach Keys leads a discussion about in which position it was easier to maintain balance.This activity is teaching which concept below? a. Raising your center of gravity increases balance. b. Balance is improved if you widen your base. c. Changing the speed of a movement alters stability. d. Students can control their own force.
b. Balance is improved if you widen your base.
A geography teacher is showing students a video of traditional musicians from a given country to help reinforce cultural characteristics of that particular country. The teacher shows a video of a band featuring vihuela, violin and two trumpets playing upbeat, quick music. Which country is the teacher most likely teaching about? a. Ethiopia b. Mexico c. China d. Australia
b. Mexico
Mr. Yu is working with his fourth-grade class on presentation skills like speed, volume, and eye contact. Which strategy could he use to allow students to evaluate their own progress in these areas? a. Have students grade themselves using a written rubric assessing these skills. b. Record students presenting and replay the video for self-assessment. c. Ask students to write a summary where they evaluate one specific area of their performance. d. Have students present in small groups and ask the group to assess the speaker.
b. Record students presenting and replay the video for self-assessment.
Mrs. Kwasny is ready to begin a unit on public speaking. What way could she most effectively demonstrate and introduce good presentation skills? a. Show short videos on topics the students are interested in where the speaker demonstrates good presentation skills. b. Show short videos on topics the students are interested in that demonstrate good speaking and presentation skills, and then follow up with a discussion on what the speaker did well. c. Show short videos where the speaker demonstrates volume, eye contact, and gesturing. d. Give a lesson where the teacher demonstrates good and bad presentation skills.
b. Show short videos on topics the students are interested in that demonstrate good speaking and presentation skills, and then follow up with a discussion on what the speaker did well.
Which of the following texts would be the best choice to accurately assess a third grade ELL student's reading comprehension? a. a fantasy story involving wizards, dragons, and magic spells b. a story about an elementary student struggling with friend conflict in school c. an exciting, tense story about a child who is briefly separated from their parents on Halloween d. a first person narrative about a person's summer vacation to Florida
b. a story about an elementary student struggling with friend conflict in school
Which of the following will best support early elementary students in the prewriting stage of the writing process? a. modeling the proper way to organize writing resources b. allowing students to use verbal communication to plan their writing by talking through their ideas c. reviewing the first draft of each student's writing d. working with upper elementary students to provide student reviews and student guidance on brainstorming
b. allowing students to use verbal communication to plan their writing by talking through their ideas
While reviewing a student's ELA work, the teacher asks herself these questions: Is the textbook too difficult for this student to understand? Are there any students who do not understand sentence formation? Is the student encountering difficulty with more than one word out of every twenty? Which of the following is the teacher most likely trying to do? a. prepare for a parent teacher conference b. analyze the student's errors to determine possible changes in instruction c. determine the student's grade d. determine the student's reading level
b. analyze the student's errors to determine possible changes in instruction
While reading to her students, Ms. Cearing hopes to improve students' reading comprehension. Which activity could she use to accomplish this goal? a. ask students to repeat new or challenging words after she says them b. ask students to pause and visualize what was just read in their minds c. ask students to respond to discussion questions after the reading is done d. ask students to spell familiar and unfamiliar words from the reading
b. ask students to pause and visualize what was just read in their minds
Mrs. Landingham has noticed that her students are great at identifying similes in their reading, but she wants to know if the students understand what they mean. What would be the best way for her to evaluate the students understanding of similes they identified? a. ask them to rewrite the sentence that contains a simile using figurative language b. ask them to explain what two things are being compared and that they have in common c. ask them to explain how it is different than a metaphor d. ask them to write their own similes
b. ask them to explain what two things are being compared and that they have in common
Which of the following skills best demonstrates successful reading comprehension? Select all that apply. a. using technology to access new reading materials b. connecting previous reading experiences and life experiences to the reader c. writing complete sentences d. accurate decoding of new words
b. connecting previous reading experiences and life experiences to the reader d. accurate decoding of new words
While reading aloud in front of the class, the teacher comes across the word "desirable." The teacher then points to clues in the surrounding text that help the students to understand what "desirable" means. What is the teacher modeling? a. phonemic awareness b. contextual analysis c. structural analysis d. morphemic analysis
b. contextual analysis
Differentiation is important for children during alphabetic instruction. Which of the following is a way that formal assessment could support differentiation? Select all answers that apply. a. facilitate parent involvement b. determine student strengths c. fill learning gaps d. determine a need for intervention
b. determine student strengths d. determine a need for intervention
A language arts teacher has students use data notebooks to monitor their reading fluency and progress. Each month the students set new reading goal and monitor their progress towards that goal. Which of the following is the greatest benefit of this process? a. guiding students on how to best choose independent reading level literature b. encouraging students to self monitor their reading progress c. encouraging students to explore a wide variety of genres and formats d. improving students reading fluency
b. encouraging students to self monitor their reading progress
Which of the following does not accurately describe an aspect of physical development during adolescence? a. growth spurt slows b. growth slows, but proportions become less childlike and more adult c. the voice changes d. a growth spurt that includes weight gain, muscle growth and broadening shoulders begins
b. growth slows, but proportions become less childlike and more adult
According to the American Lung Association, which of the following is not a risk factor for developing asthma? a. air pollution b. high blood pressure c. smoking d. family history
b. high blood pressure
Which of the following responses is not an accomodation used for students in a physical education class who are smaller than their peers? a. avoiding dividing students into groups based on height b. incorporating low-impact cardiovascular activities such as cycling and rowing c. incorporating group activities that are friendly to all body types d. lifting students to the starting position for activities such as pull-ups and rope climbing
b. incorporating low-impact cardiovascular activities such as cycling and rowing
The statement, "ask students to recall a time when they felt disappointed and what they did to feel better" is most appropriate in which of the following sections of a kindergarten language arts lesson plan? a. post-reading strategies b. pre-reading strategies c. during reading strategies c. assessment
b. pre-reading strategies
A teacher noticed that a number of her new kindergarten students are struggling with the difference between a letter, word and a sentence. Which of the following strategies would be best to improve the students' understanding of print concepts? Select all answers that apply. a. post the definitions of a word, sentence and letter somewhere in the room b. read oversized books so students can watch the teacher point out the words c. point to and orally read words on signs, posters and calendars d. provide students with a root word printed on a piece of paper, then have them add prefixes and suffixes to see how many new words they can make
b. read oversized books so students can watch the teacher point out the words c. point to and orally read words on signs, posters and calendars
Which of the following is not an element of fiction? a. plot b. characters c. setting d. in-text citations
d. in-text citations
Based on TEKS benchmarks, a fourth-grade student should be able to do all of the following except, a. edit her work b. revise and edit her work c. write for an extended period of time on one topic d. organize writing clearly around a main idea
b. revise and edit her work
Ms. Marks' fifth-grade class is reading plays and learning some conventions of theatre. Which of the following activities would help students understand the concept of "breaking the fourth wall"? a. having students create a theatre to scale with popsicle sticks, showing spaces for actors and audience members b. showing students a clip from a cartoon where the characters speak directly to the audience, and then having students write a monologue in the voice of a character from that cartoon telling the audience a secret c. having students read Our Town and explaining to them that the Narrator is breaking the fourth wall d. showing a clip from the film American Psycho in which the protagonist regularly breaks the fourth wall
b. showing students a clip from a cartoon where the characters speak directly to the audience, and then having students write a monologue in the voice of a character from that cartoon telling the audience a secret
Having kindergarten students practice using various locomotor skills to move in open space without bumping or falling into others best demonstrates which of the following? a. biomechanical principles b. spatial awareness c. force d. manipulative skills
b. spatial awareness
Mrs. Thompson is working with her kindergarten students on listening for meaning while stories are read aloud. What activity could she ask them to do to best enhance this skill? a. answer review questions with a partner after the story is over b. take breaks to have students act out what was read c. clap when they hear setting details d. draw a picture of a scene from the story
b. take breaks to have students act out what was read
A fourth-grade teacher has a lesson on current events. The class is divided into groups to create a collage of the latest news. What materials would work best? a. x-acto knives and magazines from home b. text and images from magazines and newspapers and glue stick on board c. hot glue images onto a mat board d. rubber cement and sharpie markers using images from a digital camera
b. text and images from magazines and newspapers and glue stick on board
A second grade teacher gives her students handbells and instructs them to sing itsy bitsy spider and shake the bells to the beat of the music. The main purpose of this activity is to promote students' knowledge of: a. timbre of the bells b. the meter of the music c. intonation of voice during singing d. pitch of the bells
b. the meter of the music
The coach can observe a mature motor pattern when students playing kickball do which of the following? a. the player calls the direction the ball is going to be kicked b. the player continues the motion through the kick in the direction that they are kicking the ball c. the player plants the non-kicking leg in order to get the proper amount of force d. a player keeps their eyes open when making contact with the ball
b. the player continues the motion through the kick in the direction that they are kicking the ball
Which of the following is not a descriptor of the early childhood (age 3-8) stage of development? a. fine and gross motor skills will become more defined b. the skin becomes oily and acne may develop c. it becomes possible to take on others' perspectives, which leads to the development of empathy d. strong and sometimes rigid ideas about gender develop.
b. the skin becomes oily and acne may develop
A student who truly understands and knows a vocabulary word should be able to: Select all that apply. a. use context clues to correctly predict a words meaning b. use the word in multiple contexts and manipulate the word into different forms c. recognize when a word is used incorrectly d. spell and define the word
b. use the word in multiple contexts and manipulate the word into different forms c. recognize when a word is used incorrectly d. spell and define the word
Mercantilism
belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism. (power based on how much goal a country has)
amino acids
building blocks of proteins (needed by the body in order to function).
Students are about to begin a research report on an assigned topic. Which of the following steps should the students perform first in order to successfully research and write the report? a. Draft an outline of the report and supporting details. b. Write a thesis statement to guide their research. c. Brainstorm a list of what is already known about the assigned topic. d. Review procedures for identifying credible sources while researching.
c. Brainstorm a list of what is already known about the assigned topic.
A fifth-grade teacher reads a short story to the class. After the reading, the teacher projects a paragraph on the board that contains an argument between the two characters. The teacher models how she analyzes the text in order to make inferences about the characters' motivations in the excerpt. Next, she projects the paragraph from the end of the story where the character's conflict is resolved. She asks the students to work in pairs to similarly analyze the new paragraph. In what way is this activity designed to impact student literacy? a. Help students distinguish between different types of conflict. b. Improve student understanding of plot structure in fiction narratives. c. Build student independence in close reading a text. d. Improve students' ability to summarize a text.
c. Build student independence in close reading a text.
A sixth-grade teacher is determined to help her students become more proficient spellers. Which of the following strategies would be least effective in promoting students' spelling abilities? a. Teach students the spelling and meanings of common prefixes, suffixes, and roots. b. Have students use the new words in interesting real-world sentences. c. Have students write all their spelling words at least thirty times. d. Teach separately the spelling of irregular words such as who, what, where, would, and through.
c. Have students write all their spelling words at least thirty times.
A teacher is asking students to evaluate an argument in a persuasive text. Which of the following sentence stems would best support this goal? a. The quote best demonstrates... b. The author believes... c. In my opinion... d. The authors introduction suggests...
c. In my opinion...
A first-grade teacher wants to teach the difference between half notes and quarter notes. Which of the following would be the most effective instructional strategy? a. The students clap at the beat they think best follows a half note, half note, quarter note, and quarter note beat. b. The teacher claps whole notes while the students clap twice for every whole note. c. One half of the class claps half notes while the other class claps twice for every half note. d. The teacher claps whole notes while the students clap four times for every whole note.
c. One half of the class claps half notes while the other class claps twice for every half note.
A third-grade teacher plans a lesson that consists of the following activities: 1. Students will feel a sample of polar bear fur, ice, and down feathers. 2. After reading the book Animals in the Tundra, the students will be asked to create an outline for an essay about polar bears or snow buntings. 3. The students will exchange papers and read for any extraneous information followed by the writer making appropriate changes. 4. The teacher will then take a daily grade for the rough draft with the corrections of any grammatical errors. How is this unit an example of individualized writing instruction? a. Students who are struggling will have a modified assignment to meet their skill level. b. Each essay is assessing a particular strength and weakness of the student. c. Students are allowed to choose an animal to write about. d. Students will be assessed individually by the teacher.
c. Students are allowed to choose an animal to write about.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the type of skill required to complete the activity? a. Students must have locomotor skills in order to dribble a ball. b. Students must have static balance skills in order to walk on a balance beam. c. Students must have dynamic balance skills in order to ride a bicycle. d. Students must have manipulative skills in order to bend down and touch their toes.
c. Students must have dynamic balance skills in order to ride a bicycle.
Which of the following is an accurate expectation for dance teachers to include in any dance curriculum? a. Students should understand the western tradition of classical dance and the history of ballet including French and Russian influences. b. Students should be allowed to study the styles of dance that pique their interest. c. Students should be exposed to a wide variety of styles of dance and diverse traditions and practices. Teachers should instill in students a curiosity and interest in folk and classical forms. d. Students must have a complete knowledge of dance history beginning with ancient religious origins through all cultures to modern dance traditions.
c. Students should be exposed to a wide variety of styles of dance and diverse traditions and practices. Teachers should instill in students a curiosity and interest in folk and classical forms.
Which of the following is an example of personification? a. The rain was coming down so hard that it felt like a bucket of water had been poured on my head. b. The cow couldn't catch flies with her curly tail. c. The tree scratched at my window every time the wind blew. d. Her backpack weighed a ton, slowing her down on the way to school.
c. The tree scratched at my window every time the wind blew.
Which literary device is being used when words with the same starting sounds are used in a row? a. onomatopoeia b. personification c. alliteration d. simile
c. alliteration
Use the image below to answer the question that follows. This work of art best represents the principle of: a. formal balance. b. luster and luminosity. c. asymmetry or irregularity. d. use of hues that express emotional content.
c. asymmetry or irregularity.
Mr. Alberts is an elementary physical education teacher. For an activity, he writes various letters on large poster boards and has his class stand in a line perpendicular to him. He holds up a poster board with a letter and the students think of a way to shape their body to mimic the shape of the letter. This activity is most likely to promote the students' physical development in which of the following areas? a. music memory b. eye-foot coordination c. body awareness d. tactile awareness
c. body awareness
A teacher passes out stacks of letter cards and asks the students to use the cards to spell the word fit. Next, the teacher asks the students to practice changing letters one at a time to make new words. How does this activity promote the students phonemic awareness? a. by improving their understanding of the relationship between onsets and rimes b. by teaching them how to rhyme c. by promoting their understanding of phoneme substitution and blending d. by helping them understand how words are broken into syllables
c. by promoting their understanding of phoneme substitution and blending
Which of the following activities requires the performer to understand the role in order to express it to an audience? a. expressive movement b. creative drama c. characterization d. expressive voice
c. characterization
While reading a historical fiction book about the great depression, a teacher asks students to look for text-to-self connections when analysing characters in the story. Which of the following literary features is the teacher trying to promote among the students? a. point of view b. alliteration and symbolism c. characterization d. author's purpose
c. characterization
A kindergarten teacher begins each class by reciting the pledge of allegiance. The teacher has a poster with the words to the pledge of allegiance and taps each word as the class recites the pledge. By tapping the word on the poster in correlation with reciting the word, the teacher is best demonstrating which of the following? a. alphabetic principle b. decoding c. concept of print d. phonological awareness
c. concept of print
The person who leads a choir is a: a. teacher b. musician c. conductor d. concertmaster
c. conductor
A student needs to be able to fluently read a text in order to refocus their attention on which of the following tasks? a. reading with appropriate inflection b. increasing their reading speed c. determining the main idea d. decoding unfamiliar words
c. determining the main idea
A sixth-grade teacher is giving a lesson on perspective. Which of the following activities would be appropriate for this purpose? a. creating landscape images with oil paint and canvas b. using boxes and paint to create a building c. drawing a view of the school hallway with a straight edge and pencil d. using a camera to record the exterior of the school
c. drawing a view of the school hallway with a straight edge and pencil
An elementary teacher should teach students to determine the functions and purposes of media. These include which of the following? a. reality and entertainment b. literacy and fluency c. education, information, and persuasion d. advertising and capitalism
c. education, information, and persuasion
A teacher is reading aloud to her class. At the end of a paragraph, she stops to ask the students a question like, "Where do you think the tiger is headed now?" In asking a question like this, the teacher is trying to: a. encourage students to share their point of view. b. encourage students to connect the story to their own lives and experiences. c. encourage students to make predictions based on textual evidence. d. encourage students to make connections between texts.
c. encourage students to make predictions based on textual evidence.
A first-grade teacher wants to help her students develop word-recognition skills as well as increase their ability to create simple sentences. Which activity would help achieve this goal? a. have students add punctuation marks to pre-existing sentences and read them aloud b. have students complete a worksheet to match beginnings of sentences to ends of sentences c. have students create and read sentences using a set of sight-word flash cards d. have students generate a list of nouns and adjectives
c. have students create and read sentences using a set of sight-word flash cards
A sixth-grade teacher is looking for a way to improve her students understanding of how visual images create meaning. Which activity below would be the best way to achieve this goal? a. have students view famous paintings online and write a description of the meaning b. have students work in pairs to discuss that they like and don't like about presented images c. have students tell a new story using only photographs from a magazine or newspaper d. have students draw an image to represent a section of a pre-existing short story after listening to the story in class
c. have students tell a new story using only photographs from a magazine or newspaper
A teacher is creating a reading fluency handout for parents so that parents can support their students reading development at home. Which of the following suggestions would be the most valuable to include in the handout? a. make sure your child reads silently for 30 minutes each night b. ensure that your child is reading multiple texts one level above his or her grade level aloud throughout the week c. have your child read aloud the same book multiple times while listening to them d. parents, you should read every night before bed and talk about what was read with your child in the morning
c. have your child read aloud the same book multiple times while listening to them
A student comes from a home in which spanish is primarily spoken. Which of the following could be impacted by their home language? a. understanding of print orientation b. phoneme categorization c. likeliness of spelling and sounding out words phonetically d. level of print awareness
c. likeliness of spelling and sounding out words phonetically
A third-grade teacher reads a story aloud to the class. After reading, each student chooses one character and makes a list of different words that describe their chosen character. Next, she organizes the students into small groups and asks them to present their characters, words and explanations to the group. What is the main focus of this activity? a. active listening b. vocabulary development c. literary analysis d. cooperative learning
c. literary analysis
A student is able to distinguish the structure and form of words. This level of language development is called: a. semantics b. syntax c. morphology d. pragmatics
c. morphology
Which of the following would best promote students' knowledge about how printed words represent specific sounds? a. have a calendar posted in the classroom for students to see b. use words with silent ending letters c. provide labels for community referred items around the classroom d. say several words with the same beginning sounds
c. provide labels for community referred items around the classroom
Which of the following dramatic forms is generally effective for encouraging self-expression by shy children? a. musical dramas b. improvisation c. puppetry d. pantomime
c. puppetry
How does oral language development affect reading comprehension? a. reading comprehension must be developed prior to fluency in oral language being achieved b. development of phonological awareness does not impact reading comprehension c. reading comprehension is enhanced by promoting oral language d. a large oral vocabulary has no impact on reading comprehension
c. reading comprehension is enhanced by promoting oral language
Mrs. Adams gives each student a copy of a poem and a copy of her cookie recipe. She asks the students to view each document and compare how it looks--not yet focusing on what it says. Which of the following comprehension skills is Mrs. Adams asking her students to practice? a. literary analysis b. metacognitive skills c. recognizing text features d. making predictions
c. recognizing text features
A group of 5th-grade students have been studying U.S. History throughout the school year. Their teacher plans a theatrical production or a play that presents the presidents and biographical information about them to the audience. The class will serve as both actors and stage crew for the play. What goal does the teacher most hope to accomplish with this activity? a. allow their parents to see everything they have been learning this year b. make it easier for the students to memorize their lines because it will be familiar material c. reinforce the information the students have learned about the history of the United States so far this school year d. prove to the students that history is not boring
c. reinforce the information the students have learned about the history of the United States so far this school year
Ancient Egyptian art focused primarily upon: a. retelling the story of the gods b. teaching scientific principles c. safeguarding the well-being of the dead d. the study of human form
c. safeguarding the well-being of the dead
While reading a new passage, a student raises her hand and asks, "What does this word mean?" Instead of defining the word for her, the teacher should encourage the student to determine the meaning of the word by: a. writing it down on a piece of paper to define after she finishes the whole text. b. using a classroom dictionary to define the term. c. searching the sentence and surrounding sentences for context clues like synonyms, antonyms, or examples. d. asking a classmate if he knows the definition.
c. searching the sentence and surrounding sentences for context clues like synonyms, antonyms, or examples.
An elementary teacher is planning an instructional unit on some of the most common communication conventions (spelling, punctuation and grammar) used in digital media. Which of the following activities would best help support this teachers goal? a. identify how articles are tagged on a blogging system b. have students choose one specific communication convention out of the major categories and research its characteristics c. separate the characteristics of the most common communication conventions using a venn diagram d. create a class website about the rules of standard grammar
c. separate the characteristics of the most common communication conventions using a venn diagram
Mrs. Langston is an English teacher and requires her students to keep a portfolio of their writing assignments, which includes drafts and final copies. The greatest benefit to the portfolios is that: a. Mrs. Langston can quickly retrieve past assignments. b. the portfolios can serve as a predictor of future performance for students. c. students can view how their writing has improved over time. d. parents are able to view their children's work.
c. students can view how their writing has improved over time.
Which of the following would NOT be one of the appropriate strategies to promote letter identification among first-grade students at the beginning of the school year? a. students write the beginning letter in the air or on the carpet when the teacher says a word b. students identify individual letters when the teacher uncovers one letter at a time from a written word c. students write the alphabet in order every morning when they come into class d. students use magnetic or paper letters to hold up when the teacher calls out a specific letter from the beginning of a word
c. students write the alphabet in order every morning when they come into class
mrs. Langley has prepared an activity where each student is given two pieces of paper, each one marked with a syllable. She asks the students to call out the word that is created by joining the two. For example, one piece of paper may have the syllable eat and the other ing. The student would call out "eating". What skill is this activity designed to practice? a. rime awareness b. syllable deleting c. syllable blending d. syllable segmentation
c. syllable blending
Teaching students to sight sing is a long process. Which of the following is the best first step in the process? a. using solfège syllables to get through the piece without stopping, even though students will make mistakes b. having students clap and count the rhythm out loud using numbers c. teaching students solfège d. having students review the piece and identify spots that might prove troublesome
c. teaching students solfège
Which musical genre originated in the late 1800s from african folk music? a. country b. gospel c. the blues d. rock and roll
c. the blues
When a singer is described as singing sharp, it means that: a. the pitch is too low. b. the tempo is too fast. c. the pitch is too high. d. the tempo is too slow.
c. the pitch is too high.
The prompt below describes a hands-on activity that Mr. Cantu uses to enhance his third-grade students' perception skills. In small groups, students tell a true story of a time they were afraid. Then the groups choose the story that would be best to re-write into a short play. Using their original script, small groups create a performance retelling the true story to the rest of the class. They use class supplies to make sets, props, and costumes as needed. Which of the following responses best pinpoints the perception skill that this activity develops? a. auditory exploration b. environmental exploration c. the students' ability to recreate the world around them d. awareness of senses and emotions
c. the students' ability to recreate the world around them
Ms. Simpson is beginning a research project with her class. What is one of the first things she should teach her students? a. the difference between summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting b. how to cite sources c. to develop a focused, open ended research question d. to develop many questions that have clear, concrete answers
c. to develop a focused, open ended research question
In managing the schools musical instrument resources, which of the following is the most important duty for the teacher to fulfill? a. to purchase new equipment for the students b. to repair any damaged equipment c. to keep accurate and current inventory records d. to assign each student a folder
c. to keep accurate and current inventory records
According to TEKS benchmarks, which of the following is NOT an expectation for elementary students when making a presentation? a. speak at an appropriate rate and volume b. enunciate and articulate while speaking c. use dramatic and entertaining gestures d. deliver ideas in an organized manner
c. use dramatic and entertaining gestures
Which of the following would be the most likely to enhance the delivery of an oral presentation? a. ensure the inclusion of key points by reading from a script during the entire presentation b. give a strong introduction so that you wont need a strong conclusion c. vary the rate of speaking, the pitch of your voice, the tone/quality of your voice and the volume d. use as many audiovisuals as possible in order to keep your audience entertained
c. vary the rate of speaking, the pitch of your voice, the tone/quality of your voice and the volume
Mrs. Tune is creating a unit about meter in music for her elementary students. Before Mrs. Tune introduces meter, which concept should she introduce? a. syncopation b. singing in tune c. weak and strong beats d. tempo
c. weak and strong beats
Levels of organisms
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
convergent
colliding, converging (crashing)
Line
connects a series of points and continues "straight" infinitely in two directions
snakes and lizards
convert radiant energy to thermal energy
Marybury v. Madison
court case that ruled the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional " judicial review"
Franklin D. Roosevelt
created the new deal series of economic programs passed for him to help stimulate the American colony.
The coach can observe a mature motor pattern when students playing kickball do which of the following? a. A player "calls" the direction the ball is being kicked. b. A player keeps their eyes open when making contact with the ball. c. A player plants the non-kicking leg in order to get the proper amount of force. d. A player continues the motion through the kick in the direction that they are kicking the ball.
d. A player continues the motion through the kick in the direction that they are kicking the ball.
A third-grade teacher would like to assess each student's ability to summarize a short story she has read aloud to the class. Which one of the following activities should the teacher use to determine her students' mastery of this skill? a. While reading the story, stop periodically and ask guiding questions about the story's plot structure. b. While reading the story, have students visualize the events with their eyes closed and write down what they "saw" immediately after the book is finished. c. After reading the story, have students discuss the story's central message with a partner and walk around the room to hear responses. d. After reading the story, have students recall the main points of the story by writing them down in their journals.
d. After reading the story, have students recall the main points of the story by writing them down in their journals.
Which of the responses below complete the blank lines in this table? Note or Rest Name ---> Value in 4/4 Time quarter note---> 1 beat ____ note ---> 3 beats eighth rest ---> 1/2 beat sixteenth rest ---> ____ beat(s) a. Sixteenth note; 1 beat b. Quarter note; 2 beats c. Eighth note; 4 beats d. Dotted half note; ¼ beat
d. Dotted half note; ¼ beat
Mrs. McKenzie wants her students to understand that theatre has had an impact throughout history and on many different cultures through the telling of stories. Which of the following activities would best promote this concept among students? a. Have students write their own stories with each story taking place in a different culture. b. Ask each student to write a story about their most memorable birthday. c. Require the class to choose one story and research the culture from which it originated. d. Have each student research a notable story to find the culture and significance of the story, then have the student read aloud the story and their research findings
d. Have each student research a notable story to find the culture and significance of the story, then have the student read aloud the story and their research findings
An elementary school coach has several students in her class with asthma. Which of the following activities is important for her to do in order to include these students? a. Have students with asthma walk around the gym while the other students are playing competitive games. b. Make students with asthma use their inhalers before any activity. c. Students with asthma should not participate in physical activity. d. Include a warm-up and cool-down activity with low intensity to lessen the likelihood of triggering exercise-induced asthma.
d. Include a warm-up and cool-down activity with low intensity to lessen the likelihood of triggering exercise-induced asthma.
A reading teacher has built 50 minutes into her weekly schedule each week for students to read a book of their choice. What is the biggest benefit of using class time for student-led independent reading? a. Students can practice reading lessons learned that week under the guidance of the teacher. b. Students will be able to meet classroom reading goals without reading at home. c. It allows the teacher to catch up on lesson plans and grading during this time. d. It promotes the idea that reading is pleasurable and enjoyable.
d. It promotes the idea that reading is pleasurable and enjoyable.
A teacher needs to make accommodations to a nonfiction reading comprehension assignment for an English language learner who is in the beginning stages of language development. Which accommodation would be most appropriate for this student's ability level? a. Ask the student to use technical language but allow for minor errors in correctness. b. Ask the student to use a variety of sentence structures but allow for mostly simple or compound sentences. c. Adjust comprehension questions so they need only simple answers to be correct. d. Provide a graphic organizer and simple, direct instructions.
d. Provide a graphic organizer and simple, direct instructions.
Mrs. Cates has assigned a group project that requires students to create multimedia presentations about a historical event that was an effect of the Civil War. The students' presentations contain many graphics and large fonts but lack quality content. Mrs. Cates decides that for future projects she will need to make an adjustment to the project requirements and expectations. Of the following, which would be the most effective strategy to promote quality content among student projects? a. Allow students to choose the members of their group. b. Engage the class in a discussion of how best to research historical events. c. Allow students to choose their project topic and the medium through which they present the material to the class. d. Provide a rubric with clear expectations and requirements.
d. Provide a rubric with clear expectations and requirements.
A fourth-grade student is an avid reader and is constantly asking to go to the library to pick out new books. The student only chooses fiction adventure stories to read independently. Which of the following best explains one reason the teacher should encourage the student to explore other genres? a. Nonfiction texts will contain higher level vocabulary and help the student's reading comprehension skills improve at a faster rate. b. The student should practice reading books that are less interesting to him in order to build endurance for reading expectations that offer less student choice in higher grades. c. Reading books of various genres will improve the student's oral fluency skills. d. Reading various genres will improve vocabulary by exposing him to different words, and it will help him become a stronger reader of all genres.
d. Reading various genres will improve vocabulary by exposing him to different words, and it will help him become a stronger reader of all genres.
Before beginning a new unit, a teacher provides her class with a list of new vocabulary terms they will encounter. Other than defining the words as they are used and front loading lessons with new vocabulary, which activity would help students successfully identify and understand the words in context? a. Writing sentences that use the new words correctly. b. Creating word webs of each word showing synonyms, antonyms, and definitions. c. Writing and saying each word 10 times to help remember the spelling and pronunciation. d. Sorting words based on similarities in structure, meaning, or parts of speech.
d. Sorting words based on similarities in structure, meaning, or parts of speech.
A kindergarten student is having difficulty throwing an overhand ball. He is keeping his feet still and aiming his throwing arm down. The ball is going straight to the ground. Which of the following should the physical education teacher suggest? a. Keep your feet still, bring the ball behind your head, push your arm forward in front of you. b. Step forward with the foot opposite your throwing arm, put the ball in front of you, bring your arm down in front of you. c. Keep your feet still, bring the ball in front of you, push the ball forward. d. Step forward with the foot opposite your throwing arm, put the ball back by your ear, follow through with your arm in front of you, not aiming down.
d. Step forward with the foot opposite your throwing arm, put the ball back by your ear, follow through with your arm in front of you, not aiming down.
Which statement does not accurately describe aspects of physical development? a. While all students grow at slightly different rates, there are some major stages of development children pass through. b. Both boys and girls may feel awkward and become sensitive and self-conscious about their changing or unchanging bodies. c. Adolescence brings on rapid development. d. Students with special needs will not pass through all the physical development stages with their peers.
d. Students with special needs will not pass through all the physical development stages with their peers.
According to TEKS benchmarks, a third grade student should be able to do which of the following? a. use specific programs to collect and analyze information and data b. troubleshoot minor problems when using technology c. correctly use technology such ad a computer and a mouse d. use organizers, charts and models to represent information and data
d. use organizers, charts and models to represent information and data
Ms. Swanson wants to teach an art lesson that includes a wide variety of cultures. Which of the following the least effective method for creating this lesson? a. Post works of art from regions across the world and instruct students to participate in a "studio walk" where they view and analyze pieces. b. Post samples of a variety of medium used in the creation of art from different parts of the world. c. Share and discuss works of art from multiple cultures within and outside the Western tradition, elaborating on contrasting art elements and principles. d. Take students on a field trip to the local museum to see paintings by European Masters.
d. Take students on a field trip to the local museum to see paintings by European Masters.
The song "Lift Every Voice and Sing" is most closely associated with which of the following? a. Morale songs sung during World War I b. The Civil War c. The Hip Hop movement of the early 1990s d. The NAACP and the Civil Rights Movement
d. The NAACP and the Civil Rights Movement
A fourth-grade teacher wants to provide realistic experiences in the understanding and development of graphic representations. After she models the development of a class birthday month bar chart, the teacher assigns her students to choose a question to investigate in order to develop their own bar chart. Which of the following questions would be least appropriate for students to investigate for the purpose of developing a graph? a. What color of cars do your parents drive? b. What number of students play basketball vs. soccer? c. In which zipcode do you live? d. What do you like best about school?
d. What do you like best about school?
When teaching a lesson on including direct quotes in student writing, Mr. Keating reminds students to include a dialogue tag when incorporating direct quotes. Which of the following describes a dialogue tag? a. the quotation marks placed around a quote b. either italics or quotation marks to identify direct quotes c. the colon or comma used between he said and the first quotation mark d. a phrase, like he said or she said
d. a phrase, like he said or she said
In order to best assess students' ability to use phonics skills in spelling, which of the following areas should teachers regularly assess and evaluate? a. students ability to recognize sight words b. samples of students reading aloud c. drawings of what was read to the class d. attempted spelling of early readers
d. attempted spelling of early readers
A teacher displays the same photograph cropped in four different ways, shifting the location of the subjects within the frame. She then asks her students to compare the different variations, choosing the one they like the best, and explain their preference. Which of the following visual art concepts is she representing? a. pattern b. contrast c. rhythm d. balance
d. balance
A first-grade teacher uses Dr. Seuss books and asks students to listen for specific kinds of words. She the records these words on the board. This activity will best reinforce which of the following? a. print concepts b. sight words c. r-controlled words d. building rhyming word families
d. building rhyming word families
Mrs. Carter wants to assess her first grade class's ability to identify individual phonemes. Which type of assessment would allow her to compare her student's abilities to the grade level expectations? a. norm-referenced b. curriculum based c. diagnostic d. criterion-referenced
d. criterion-referenced
A fourth-grade teacher reserves time each day for her students to write about their reading in their reader's notebook.Today, she asks them to answer the following three questions: 1. What is one event or idea from your reading that connects to another text you have read? Explain the connection. 2. Describe a chapter, paragraph, or sentence from your reading that reminded you of a personal experience. Explain the connection. 3. Think about your reading. Identify one aspect of the book that has impacted the way your see or understand something in the world, outside of things you have personally experienced. Explain the connection. This activity is designed to: a. facilitate student determination of how the setting impacts the plot in the story they are reading. b. be a reflective experience to help students brainstorm for their own writing. c. encourage the reader to analyze the author's craft. d. deepen the reader's understanding of the text by considering the idea in a larger context.
d. deepen the reader's understanding of the text by considering the idea in a larger context.
At the conclusion of a fiction reading unit, a fifth-grade teacher chooses a complex literary text for students to read with a partner. Halfway through the story, the teacher checks the students' ability to make educated inferences about future events in the story. To best assess this skill, the teacher should ask questions that lead students to: a. compare and contrast the protagonist and antagonist in the story. b. analyze the characters' actions to determine the overall message of the story. c. write a summary with the beginning, middle, and imaginary end of the story. d. draw conclusions based on background knowledge and text evidence.
d. draw conclusions based on background knowledge and text evidence.
Which mode of writing is intended to provide information and includes facts and data? a. persuasive b. narrative c. descriptive d. expository
d. expository
Which of the following activities would best allow students to understand the occupations and elements required to perform a theatrical play? a. have students write a short essay on three theatre occupations b. require students to attend a live performance of a broadway show during the school year c. have students attend a local high school play d. hae students produce an in-class production where each student is assigned a role in the production
d. hae students produce an in-class production where each student is assigned a role in the production
The third-grade class at Dahlia Elementary is performing an annual musical presentation about the 50 state capitals. The students ask to add an interactive twist to the song that is normally sung at the beginning of the performance. Which of the following would be an appropriate way to improve the song by using the students' musical abilities? a. assigning harmony parts to two different groups in the class b. creating a guitar solo to play while the students sing c. having each student create a dance that they perform with the song d. having students create a percussion part using stomping and clapping in rhythm
d. having students create a percussion part using stomping and clapping in rhythm
During the revising stage of the writing process, which of the following would be most beneficial for students? a. using a graphic organizer b. brainstorming ideas c. typing their work on a computer d. holding peer conferences
d. holding peer conferences
A fourth-grade teacher has recently finished teaching a list of 20 vocabulary words associated with the short story they are studying. She breaks the class into five groups and assigns four vocabulary words from the list to each group. Each group chooses a word to act out in front of the class while the other groups sit silently watching the presentation. The groups then have five minutes to discuss what word was being acted out. The teacher asks each group what word they think it is, and each group that is correct earns a point. Each group performs multiple times until all the words have been acted out. This activity will help students retain the meanings of the vocabulary words they have learned by: a. allowing visual learners to participate in an activity that suits their learning style. b. connecting the vocabulary words to the plot of the short story they are currently reading. c. showing them multiple definitions of each word to deepen student understanding. d. increasing student interest and motivating students to learn new vocabulary words.
d. increasing student interest and motivating students to learn new vocabulary words.
A second-grade resource teacher is working with her students on nonfiction text. When they encounter an unfamiliar word, she encourages them to use different techniques such as sounding out the word, looking for known prefixes and determining the meaning with context. What other technique might be helpful when encountering a new word? a. pointing to the words as they read b. replacing an unknown word with a familiar one c. thinking of large words that begin with the same letter d. looking at nearby pictures for hints
d. looking at nearby pictures for hints
Mrs. Mathers is reading aloud with her class. As she reads she periodically stops and asks students questions about the text to clarify important plot developments and to explain the main ideas in the text. Which of the following is Mrs. Mathers most likely trying to accomplish? a. encouraging students to imagine themselves in the story b. engaging students' interest in reading c. scaffolding reading instruction with previously read texts d. monitoring students' comprehension of the text
d. monitoring students' comprehension of the text
What types of passages should a teacher assign when choosing texts for students to read aloud and practice fluency? a. passages that are short and interesting to the student b. passages that are linked to other content areas to enhance learning in other topics c. passages that will likely have zero unfamiliar words out of 100 the student may encounter d. passages that will likely have 2-5 unfamiliar words out of 100 that the student may encounter
d. passages that will likely have 2-5 unfamiliar words out of 100 that the student may encounter
What type of sound awareness best describes the ability to recognize that "hand", "heart" and "happy" all begin with the same sound? a. phoneme manipulation b. phoneme deletion c phoneme segmentation d. phoneme identification
d. phoneme identification
Which of the following activities focuses on the use of locomotor skills? a. balancing on one foot b. classping to the music c. kicking a soccer ball d. running a mile
d. running a mile
Which of the following describes what happens in the conventional stage of writing? a. students learn to transition between sentences and paragraphs easily b. students learn to explain different purposes for writing c. students learn to write random strings of letters, often in uppercase d. students learn to adjust their writing for specific purposes and audiences
d. students learn to adjust their writing for specific purposes and audiences
Students need to understand and be able to use the key elements of persuasive essays. Which one of the following elements is not typically in a persuasive essay? a. a thesis statement including the importance of the issue b. several pieces of evidence that support the persuasion c. conclusive elements d. the development of characters
d. the development of characters
The mnemonic device "Every Good Boy Does Fine" is used when teaching students the lines and spaces of the grand staff. Which of the following concepts will this help students remember? a. the lines of the bass clef b. the spaces of the bass clef c. the spaces of the treble clef d. the lines of the treble clef
d. the lines of the treble clef
Which of the following would NOT be considered when determining whether a student is a fluent reader? a. the student's ability to read the words accurately when reading aloud b. the student's ability to read with expression c. how quickly the student reads d. the student's ability to infer unfamiliar word meanings
d. the student's ability to infer unfamiliar word meanings
Which of the following would be a component of effective vocabulary instruction? a. defining words in isolation b. circling words that you do not understand while you read. c. students creating vocabulary lists for each other out of independent reading d. the study of roots, prefixes, and suffixes
d. the study of roots, prefixes, and suffixes
A teacher is preparing her class to independently read an article about a new telescope being built by a group of scientists. During their pre-reading activity, the teacher purposefully includes challenging or unfamiliar vocabulary like "Magellan," "precision," and "resolution" in both the class discussion about telescopes and their anticipation guide. Which of the following best explains the teacher's reason for incorporating these words into their pre-reading activities? a. to support word analysis skills while reading independently b. to increase student awareness of sound-letter correspondence c. to help the students predict the focus of the text d. to encourage student recognition of the words and improve their ability to connect their oral vocabulary to their written vocabulary
d. to encourage student recognition of the words and improve their ability to connect their oral vocabulary to their written vocabulary
A third-grade teacher begins a unit that includes reading a poem, short story, and non-fiction article, and watching a short video--all on the same topic. What is the most likely goal of incorporating multiple genres that discuss the same topic? a. to educate students on the topic b. to keep students engaged by using a variety of genres c. to introduce multiple genres to the students d. to illustrate the differences in features/structures of different genres
d. to illustrate the differences in features/structures of different genres
Literal comprehension is when the reader: a. understands information that is not stated explicitly b. properly uses decoding skills c. connects events to their own past experiences to build understanding d. understands the facts or ideas in a piece of writing
d. understands the facts or ideas in a piece of writing
Each week, a teacher has his students read books assigned to them in their book boxes. After reading, they rate the books on a scale of 1-5 and write down one topic that they liked and one topic that they did not ike. What can the teacher do with this information he is collecting? a. use the info to assess his students reading comprehension levels b. use the info to discover students hobbies and interests for a personalized writing assignment c. use the info to assign reading quizzes covering what they liked and did not like d. use the info to select future reading for his students
d. use the info to select future reading for his students
Which of the following is the most appropriate way for an elementary teacher to use technology in the process of a student choosing an independent reading book? a. the teacher should use technology, their knowledge of the student's interests and the students reading level to choose a book for the student b. students can enter keywords related to their interests into the search function of websites to get lists of books on that topic c. elementary aged children should not use technology to help choose books d. with teacher and/or library training and oversight, students can use search functions on computers to find books in their school library that relate to their interests
d. with teacher and/or library training and oversight, students can use search functions on computers to find books in their school library that relate to their interests
Mrs. Gosh is making a rubric for an oral presentation. She wants to ensure students have adjusted their communication to meet their audience. She could include appropriate gestures, tone, volume, and: a. posture b. topics c. main points d. word choice
d. word choice
Which of the following is a morpheme? a. girlfriend b. happy c. phoneme d. write
d. write
Geometric Probability
describes situations that involve shapes and measures
James Watson and Francis Crick
discovered the structure of DNA
Latitude
distance north or south of the Equator, measured in degrees
Layers of the atmosphere
exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere
Line of Symmetry
f you can reflect (or flip) a figure over a line and the figure appears unchanged, then the figure has reflection symmetry or line symmetry. The line that you reflect over is called the line of symmetry. A line of symmetry divides a figure into two mirror-image halves. The dashed lines below are lines of symmetry.
Congruent Figures
figures that have the same size and shape
sedmentary rock
forms when small particles of rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
Denominator
he bottom number of a fraction, telling in how many parts the whole is divided. in 1/3 the 3 is the denominator.
Least Common Multiple
he multiples of a number are what you get when you multiply it by other numbers. When you list the multiples of two (or more) numbers, and find the same value in both lists, then that is a common multiple of those numbers. The "Least Common Multiple" is simply the smallest of the common multiples.
transfer of thermal energy
heat
Sample Statistics
important generalizations about the entire sample, such as mean, median, mode, range, and sampling error (standard deviation)
Adaptation
inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival (butterfly: eyes on the wings, bitter taste when eaten)
Stephen F. Austin
known as the Father of Texas, first man to bring Anglo settlers to Texas
skin
largest organ of the body
Parallel Lines
lines that do not intersect
Perpendicular Lines
lines that intersect at a point and form 90 degree angles
simple machine
machine that does work with only one movement-lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, screw, and wedge
plate movement
mainly the coming together and the moving apart of tectonic plates.
Theorems
mathematical statements that can be proven to be true based on postulates, definitions, algebraic properties, given information, and previously proved theorems
Models
means of representing mathematical concepts by relating the concepts to real-world situations.
Algorithms
methods or strategies for solving problems
Audie Murphy
most decorated soldier in WWII
transform
moving side by side
moon phases
new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent.
Tessellation
ometimes referred to as tiling of the plane. A tessellation is a collection of plane figures that fills the plane with no overlaps or gaps. Tiles on a kitchen floor can be thought of as a simple form of tessellation.
Permutation
one of a number of possible selections of items, where order of selection is important
Combination
one of a number of possible selections, without repetition, where order of selection is not important
Whole number
one of the counting numbers
E pluribus unum
out of many, one (the motto of the US).
Boston Tea Party
protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston harbor
Reliability
refers to the consistency of a measure. A test is considered reliable if we get the same result repeatedly. For example, if a person is administered the same test repeatedly his/her results on the test should be approximately the same each time, if the test is reliable.
amphibians
require sunlight to maintain body functions
Parts of a flower
sepals, petals, stamens, pistils
potential energy
stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
comparative advantage
the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer
Mass
the amount of matter in an object
Variance
the average squared distance from each value of a data set to the mean
exectutive branch
the branch of government that carries out laws ( President & Vice President)
Legislative Branch
the branch of government that makes the laws. ( Senate & the House of Representative)
Specialization
the development of skills in a specific kind of work
Normal Distribution
the distribution associated with most sets of real world data
Transformational Geometry
the study of manipulating objects by flipping, twisting, turning, and scaling
warm blooded animals
their body temperature remains the same regardless of the air temperature.
If man or nature does something to affect the food chain.
there will be overabundance of a certain organism
heat
thermal energy is transfer from one body of matter to another. Move from one place to another by conduction, convection, and radiation.
spring scale
tool used to measure force (measures gravity)
Monolopy
total control over an entire product or service
complex machine
two or more simple machines working together eg. wheelbarrow, a can opener, bicycle
divergent
variant, moving apart (dividing)
Conclusion
what must be proven true
divergent evolution
when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time