ECE Praxis Practice Form 2

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Since the snow was falling fast, the teacher asked the students to quickly finish the quiz. The passage above contains which of the following grammatical errors? A.Split infinitive B.Lack of parallel structure C.Misplaced modifier D.Sentence fragment

(A) is correct. A split infinitive occurs when a word, usually an adverb, is placed between the two parts of an infinitive. In the example above, the adverb "quickly" separates the two parts of the infinitive "to finish." The sentence should read "to finish the quiz quickly."

A first-grade student has a specific learning disability in writing. Which of the following testing accommodations is most appropriate to be included in an Individualized Education Program (IEP) to meet the needs of the student? A.Allowing the student to dictate answers requiring written responses to a scribe B.Providing the student with an alternate assignment without any written responses C.Having the student answer fewer questions that require written responses D.Having the student complete all written work in a quiet space to avoid distractions

(A) is correct. Allowing a student to dictate responses to a written assignment to a scribe is an example of an accommodation that can appropriately be made for a student with an IEP in writing. In this instance, the expectations for what the student should learn have not changed; therefore, the teacher action represents an accommodation, not a modification.

In order to develop phonemic awareness, students with special needs must first A.understand the utility and function of oral and written language B.have a formal diagnosis of a developmental delay C.receive explicit instruction in oral and written language D.receive individualized instruction in a general education setting

(A) is correct. Before students with disabilities can begin to develop phonemic awareness, they need to understand the functions and uses of literacy. A literacy-rich environment stimulates students with disabilities to participate in language and literacy activities in their daily lives and gives them the beginning understandings of the utility and function of oral and written language.

Which of the following is an attribute of both cones and cylinders? A.They have circular bases. B.They have two bases. C.They have parallel sides. D.They have three faces.

(A) is correct. Cones and cylinders both have circular bases.

A prekindergarten teacher sends home with students reading adventure bags filled with theme-based fiction and nonfiction picture books as well as interactive activities. The students are encouraged to read and discuss one book daily with a family member and record their activities in a reading log. The strategy best promotes A.oral language development B.phonemic awareness C.phonological awareness D.word recognition

(A) is correct. Daily reading and discussion of books with a family member encourages interaction and provides students with opportunities for oral language development through interactive activities.

Two identical pizzas are each sliced into 8 pieces of equal size. The slices are shared among 14 students so that each student receives the same amount of pizza. What fraction of the total number of slices will remain after the slices are shared? A. 1/8 B. 2/14 C. 2/7 D. 14/16

(A) is correct. Each of the fourteen students will receive one of the sixteen slices of pizza, leaving two remaining. The fractional part of the two pizzas remaining will be 2/16 or 1/8

are me said like they The words in the list shown are best described as A.high frequency B.decodable C.phonetically regular D.rhyming

(A) is correct. High-frequency words, or sight words, are commonly used words that frequently occur in the written material that emergent readers typically read and which often do not follow commonly taught phonics rules.

Which of the following words is an example of a homonym? A.Fair B.Vroom C.Elaborate D.Demoralize

(A) is correct. Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings. Fair can mean just or light in complexion.

Which of the following teacher actions is most helpful in promoting self-regulation in a kindergarten classroom? A.Providing students opportunities for make-believe playtime in which they set and negotiate rules with their peers B.Explaining to students the need to be respectful of their classmates and thereby create a positive classroom environment C.Correcting students who misbehave and using each situation to remind students how to behave appropriately D.Referring students to the posted classroom rules when they have difficulty waiting their turn or sharing with their peers

(A) is correct. Playtime activities provide students with the opportunity to practice real-life situations while interacting with their peers. During imaginative play, students are involved in roles that require them to develop self-regulation by mastering their thinking, emotions, and behavior.

A third-grade teacher provides students with an article titled "Working at the Hospital." The first paragraph is below. There are many jobs at the hospital. Some people work as nurses. Some people work as doctors. You probably know about those jobs. There are many other jobs at the hospital. If you are a patient in a hospital, you will meet different workers. It might start with the ambulance driver. That worker helps people get to the hospital quickly. Based on the information provided in the introductory paragraph, students can infer that the primary focus of the article will be about A.the responsibilities of different individuals who work at a hospital B.which workers have the most important roles at the hospital C.why a hospital is an important place in the community D.how to be a good patient when you are at the hospital

(A) is correct. The first sentence notes that there are different jobs at the hospital, and the last two sentences focus on the specific responsibility of a designated hospital worker.

Which of the following teaching strategies most effectively supports emergent writers in a preschool classroom? A.Providing students with functional writing opportunities connected to class activities B.Teaching students how to use guided visualization to create mental pictures when writing C.Using model texts to teach students how to identify text structures prior to writing D.Assigning students a prewriting activity of identifying the audience and purpose for writing

(A) is correct. The most developmentally appropriate teaching strategy listed is supporting emergent writing through functional writing opportunities that are connected to class activities.

The figure presents a blank multiplication table. An oval is drawn at a diagonal from the upper left to the lower right of the table. A blank multiplication table is shown. If the table is completed, which of the following patterns will be shared by each of the numbers along the main diagonal from upper left to lower right in the table? A.The numbers are each perfect squares. B.The numbers are all even. C.The numbers are all odd. D.The numbers can all be written as the product of three distinct factors.

(A) is correct. The numbers along the diagonal are all perfect squares, found by multiplying a number between 1 and 10 by itself.

Which of the following best identifies the purpose of the explanatory genre of writing? A.Giving information about a topic or describing something accurately B.Describing an account of an imaginary event or experience C.Presenting a claim and providing a convincing set of reasons to support the claim D.Retelling the story of an important moment and clarifying its significance to the author

(A) is correct. The purpose of explanatory writing is to describe or explain a topic using facts and details.

Which of the following pattern sentences shows two complete iterations of an "ABCCD" repeating pattern? A.The figure presents the following pattern sentence. Happy face, sun, heart, heart, music note, happy face, sun, heart, heart, music note. B.The figure presents the following pattern sentence. Happy face, happy face, club, club, shaded happy face, happy face, happy face, club, club, shaded happy face. C.The figure presents the following pattern sentence. Happy face, music note, heart, hash tag, club, happy face, music note, heart, hash tag, club. D.The figure presents the following pattern sentence. Happy face, hash tag, heart, sun, sun, happy face, hash tag, heart, sun, sun.

(A) is correct. The shapes follow an ABCCD pattern with a unique shape represented by each alphabet letter, then repeating.

The Lakeview Elementary School library had between 600 and 650 books in 2013 and between 750 and 800 books in 2015. About how many more books did the library have in 2015? A group of third graders are working on the problem shown. Analeigh says that the answer is about 150 books, and Matthew says that the answer is about 250 books. Which of the following observations is the most appropriate? A.Matthew's estimate is best because it is the greatest possible difference in the number of books. B.Analeigh's estimate is best because it is between the greatest and least possible differences. C.Both estimates are reasonable because they are both based on the given ranges. D.Neither estimate is reasonable because one is too high and one is too low.

(B) is correct. Analeigh's estimate is based on the difference between both the low estimates and the high estimates in the given ranges.

A kindergarten teacher places students into groups and gives each group two different containers. The teacher then asks the students to determine which container has the greater capacity. Which of the following activities would best help the students solve the problem? A.Using linking cubes to measure the height of each container B.Filling each container with equal-sized scoops of sand C.Using a ruler to measure the base of each container D.Weighing each container on a balance scale

(B) is correct. Filling the containers with sand would measure the capacity—that is, how much sand each container can hold.

Carly cuts carrots carefully. The statement shown best exemplifies which of the following types of figurative language? A.Simile B.Alliteration C.Personification D.Metaphor

(B) is correct. In an alliteration, all the words in a sentence begin with the same sound or letter.

Which of the following words contains an open syllable? A.Combat B.Basic C.Insect D.Velvet

(B) is correct. In an open syllable, nothing comes after the vowel and the vowel sound is pronounced with its long sound. Ba-sic has two syllables and nothing comes at the end of the first syllable after "a."

pan, pig, bug, pack During a small-group literacy activity, a kindergarten teacher asks students to identify the word that does not belong in the list of words shown. The activity best addresses which of the following phonemic awareness skills? A.Segmentation B.Categorization C.Substitution D.Blending

(B) is correct. In phoneme categorization, students identify the word or words in a set that have a different initial phoneme sound. Having students recognize that "bug" is different because it does not begin with /p/ like the other three words is an example of phoneme categorization.

Which of the following components of an effective oral presentation describes the highness or lowness of a speaker's voice? A.Volume B.Pitch C.Articulation D.Pace

(B) is correct. Pitch means the highness or lowness of a speaker's voice. Effective speakers vary the highness or lowness of their voice (pitch) to indicate emphasis.

Which of the following strategies is most effective in developing preschool children's understanding of print concepts? A.Giving children opportunities to retell or act out stories B.Placing children's names on their desks and other appropriate places C.Creating a class library with books from different genres for the children D.Providing opportunities for children to respond to open-ended questions

(B) is correct. Print awareness is an understanding that print carries meaning. Using labels and name cards will help children understand that written words have meaning.

During a reading lesson, a third-grade teacher writes the lines of a poem on separate strips of paper. The teacher then holds up the strips one at a time and has students read the phrases aloud together. Which of the following is most likely the goal of the activity? A.Fostering students' understanding of the structure of poems B.Reinforcing students' use of proper phrasing to promote fluency C.Helping students identify rhyme schemes accurately D.Improving students' spelling and sight word vocabulary

(B) is correct. Reading fluently requires a reader to read phrases together instead of word by word. Fluent readers group words into phrases, as opposed to word by word. By holding up groups of words together in a poem, it helps the students to see them as a whole.

A teacher shows students two different numbers and asks the students to perform the following steps. 1.For each number, build a tower from connecting cubes so that the number of cubes is the same as the number. 2.Place the taller tower to the left of the shorter tower on the desk. 3.Write a number sentence for the sum of the two numbers. After students complete the activity, the teacher asks students to place the shorter tower to the left of the taller tower, then write a number sentence for the sum. Which of the following properties is most closely aligned with the activity? A.Associative property of addition B.Commutative property of addition C.Distributive property of multiplication over addition D.Additive inverse property

(B) is correct. The commutative property of addition shows that when adding two or more numbers, the sum remains the same even if the order in which the numbers were added changed. For example, 8+7+3=18 and 3+7+8=18

Which of the following sources best represents a secondary source of information? A.A journal written by a Civil War nurse B.A documentary about Harriet Tubman C.A letter from George Washington to his wife D.A transcript of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address

(B) is correct. The images and information in the documentary may include primary sources, but the combining and interpreting of these sources makes the documentary a secondary source.

A first-grade teacher has the students model the numbers 100 and 30 with place-value blocks. Which of the following student comments best indicates an understanding of how to compare whole numbers? A."Thirty is greater because the three is greater than the one." B."Hundred is greater because the hundred has ten tens and thirty has three tens." C."Thirty is greater because the hundred has one ten and thirty has three tens." D."Hundred is greater because ten comes before thirty on the number line."

(B) is correct. The student comment shows an understanding that hundreds are made up of 10 tens.

Building phonological awareness is critical to helping young students learn to read because without it, the students will primarily struggle to A.develop appropriate pacing and intonation when reading aloud B.use alphabetic principles, which are necessary to develop the ability to decode words C.identify when what is read does not make sense and a fix-up strategy is needed D.recognize that text is read from left to right, top to bottom

(B) is correct. To decode words requires students to know the sounds each letter makes, which is mandatory when helping young students learn to read.

After a teacher models how to use order of operations to simplify expressions, a student simplifies the expression shown. The figure presents a model, with four rows, using order of operations to simplify an expression. The first row has the expression 6 plus 7, times, open parenthesis, 4 plus 8, divided by 2, close parenthesis. The second row has the expression 13 times, open parenthesis, 12 divided by 2, close parenthesis. There are 2 lines connecting 6 plus 7 in the first row to 13 in the second row. There are also 2 lines connecting 4 plus 8 in the first row to 12 in the second row. The third row has the expression 13 times 6. There are 2 lines connecting 12 divided by 2 in the second row to 6 in the third row. The fourth row has the solution, which is 78. Which of the following best describes an error in the student's work? A.Ignoring the parentheses B.Adding before dividing C.Multiplying before adding D.Dividing before multiplying

(B) is correct. To solve the problem in parentheses, the student should have divided 8 by 2 and then added the answer to 4, to get 8 instead of 6. 6+7×(4+8÷2);6+7×(4+4);6+7×(8);6+56=62

During writers' workshop, a first-grade teacher notices that Joanna is sitting and watching other students write but is not writing her own story. When the teacher asks why she isn't writing, Joanna says that she can't write because she doesn't know how to spell any words. Which of the following instructional strategies is most beneficial for the teacher to use with Joanna? A.Working one-on-one with Joanna to teach her new spelling words B.Encouraging Joanna to use inventive spelling when she writes C.Adding Joanna's commonly misspelled words to the spelling test D.Helping Joanna find challenging words in a picture dictionary

(B) is correct. Young children begin to hear separate sounds in words and benefit from help in writing the sounds they hear (i.e., from guidance in inventing spellings).

Which TWO of the following books are most appropriate to use to teach third graders about comparing and contrasting two cultures? A.The Blacker the Berry by Joyce Carol Thomas, a collection of poems celebrating the varieties of African American ethnic heritages B.Journey to Jo'burg by Beverley Naidoo, a book about siblings traveling through South Africa to find their mother in Johannesburg C.Two Mrs. Gibsons by Toyomi Igus, a book about a girl's relationship with her Japanese mother and African American grandmother D.Under the Moon and Over the Sea, edited by John Agard and Grace Nichols, a compilation of poems about Caribbean traditions E.The Color of Home by Mary Hoffman, a book about a boy and his family who were forced by war to move from Somalia to the United States

(C) and (E) are correct. Option (C), Two Mrs. Gibsons, compares and contrasts Japanese culture and African American culture, and option (E), The Color of Home, compares and contrasts Somalia with the United States.

Which of the following appropriately uses the distributive property of multiplication over addition to find the value of 3×69 ? A. 69+69+69 B. 23×9 C. (3×60)+(3×9) D. 69×3

(C) is correct. (3×60)+(3×9) is an example of using the distributive property of multiplication over addition to solve 3×69.

Which of the following is equivalent to 35 percent? A. 0.035 B. 7/21 C. 21/60 D. 3.5

(C) is correct. 21/60 is equivalent to 35/100 or 35%.

By completing a picture walk of a story before students begin reading it independently, a first-grade teacher best demonstrates an understanding of how to help students A.comprehend how the setting affects the plot of the story B.decide if they will like the story they are about to read C.anticipate vocabulary that will help them read the story D.use mentor texts to assist them in writing their own stories

(C) is correct. A picture walk allows students the opportunity to learn and talk about new vocabulary found in the story that helps with the decoding process when they read the texts.

A young student draws pictures and writes accompanying labels. The labels indicate attempts to apply letter-sound correspondences in spelling words and demonstrate comprehension of directionality in written expression. Which of the following stages of writing development best identifies the student's current level of performance? A.Exploration B.Preconventional C.Emergent D.Developing

(C) is correct. A student who has the ability to draw and label pictures in the ways described is functioning at the emergent stage of writing development.

-Does each paragraph have a clear topic sentence? -Does each sentence in a paragraph relate to the topic sentence? -Is there anything that needs to be added or removed? -Is the vocabulary strong and precise? When writing an informational piece on a nonfiction topic, a student considers the questions shown. At which of the following steps in the writing process is the student most likely to improve the writing piece effectively? A.Prewriting B.Publishing C.Revising D.Editing

(C) is correct. After a writer creates a draft of a writing piece, the writer can evaluate the piece and revise elements such as content, organization, vocabulary, and clarity.

-Reading simple stories with improving fluency by automatically saying two or more words in a phrase -Gaining control during the reading process by using less "sounding out" -Reading words that represent various long vowel sounds The list of characteristics indicates that a student is performing at which of the following stages of reading development? A.Prealphabetic B.Partial alphabetic C.Full alphabetic D.Automatic

(C) is correct. Children in the full alphabetic reading stage gain control of their reading and become more automatic readers with less sounding out. During this stage, students can read words with various endings and read simple stories with increasing fluency.

Which of the following digital tools best helps students distribute stories they have written for peer-editing purposes? A.Teacher Web page B.Virtual blackboards C.Cloud-based file sharing D.Word-processing software

(C) is correct. Cloud-based file sharing enables a user to use allotted space in a server to share information over the Internet. With this, students can upload their writing onto a secure site and peer edit each other's work from there.

Which of the following actions best describes the first step of active listening? A.Responding to the speaker verbally B.Taking notes on the speaker's message C.Looking directly at the speaker when he or she is speaking D.Asking for clarification when uncertain about something that was said

(C) is correct. Looking at the speaker focuses the listener on what is being said so that the listener understands more clearly and is prepared to respond.

A kindergarten teacher is helping students learn words that express their feelings. Which of the following instructional strategies most effectively reinforces the teacher's goal? A.Writing students' names on the board if they become overly upset B.Instructing students to point out their classmates' emotions during various interactions C.Helping students make a class book showing various emotions D.Advising students who become upset to stop crying and act appropriately

(C) is correct. Making a class book gives students an opportunity to learn about emotions and interact with each other and the teacher, which helps them learn to identify and express their emotions.

Which of the following student statements best demonstrates an understanding of multiplication? A."Multiplication is the difference between two groups." B."Multiplication finds the quotient of two numbers." C."Multiplication combines groups of equal size together." D."Multiplication means sharing a set of objects equally."

(C) is correct. Multiplication is also repeated addition, or combining sets or groups with the same number of objects.

Which of the following instructional activities best develops a preschool student's understanding of how the physical characteristics of a location affect human behavior? A.Creating a graph with local area activities students enjoy doing with their families B.Reading stories aloud that depict activities students enjoy throughout the world C.Role-playing daily activities that students participate in throughout the world D.Researching professional occupations found in various locations throughout the world

(C) is correct. Participating in role-playing of daily activities found in various locations will provide students with opportunities to understand that areas differ in activities because of location and weather.

A kindergarten teacher engages students in a lesson with color blocks by asking them to stack a blue block on a green block, a red block next to a yellow block, and two orange blocks on top of a blue block. The activity will best help students understand which of the following? A.Using one-to-one correspondence B.Classifying objects based on attributes C.Following directions related to position D.Creating repeating patterns with blocks

(C) is correct. Positional words help kindergarten students relate to the position of objects, where they are in the world around them, and to understand how the objects relate to one another.

A first-grade teacher is selecting texts for a science unit on butterflies. Which of the following is most important for the teacher to consider when creating the text set? A.The texts should include textbook passages about butterflies. B.The texts should use more illustrations and diagrams than words. C.The texts should have a meaningful connection to the anchor text. D.The texts should be from the same genre.

(C) is correct. The anchor text should be the foundation of the text set, as such the texts in the set should have a strong connection to the anchor set.

The figure presents a polygon in the shape of an L. 4 of the 6 sides are labeled. The top side is horizontal, with a length of 4 feet. The left side is vertical, and its length is not labeled. The bottom side extends 8 feet, to the right, from the left corner. The shape then extends upward 6 feet. Next, it extends an unlabeled length to the right. Finally, it extends upward 4 feet, where it meets the top right corner of the shape. In the figure shown, all angles are right angles. Which of the following is the area of the figure? A.36 ft2 B.48 ft2 C.64 ft2 D.80 ft2

(C) is correct. The area of the figure is 64 square feet. The area of the top square is 4×4=16, and the area of the bottom square is 8×6=48. Adding both areas together gives 64 ft2.

First graders are beginning to learn how to look for ways to improve their writing after rereading a rough draft. The teacher provides the following piece of writing. Every month we make cookies. We make a lot! We give them to other people. They are yummy! After the short story is read aloud, the students ask questions based on what they want to know more about. The class then begins to revise the story one sentence at a time. Which of the following sentences is the best revision for the first sentence? A.My mom helps me make cookies every month. B.My favorite part of the month is when we make cookies. C.Every month my mom and I make chocolate chip cookies. D.Every month we make chocolate chip cookies in our kitchen.

(C) is correct. The sentence now says who is baking the cookies and what type of cookies are being made. The statement provides more additional detail than the other sentences.

The first four triangular numbers, 1, 3, 6, and 10, are shown in the table below. What is the seventh triangular number? The figure presents a 5 column table with 2 rows of data. The first column heading is Triangular number. The second column heading is 1. The third column heading is 3. The fourth column heading is 6, and the fifth column heading is 10. The two rows of data are as follows. Arithmetic series representation: 1. 1 + 2. 1 + 2 + 3. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4. Geometric representation: 1 heart. 3 hearts. 6 hearts. 10 hearts. A.21 B.25 C.28 D.36

(C) is correct. The seventh triangular number is equal to the sum of the first seven positive integers, that is, 1+2+3+4+5+6+7=28.

Mr. Thompson, a first-grade teacher, tells his students that he has a total of 17 cubes. He shows the students exactly 3 of the cubes and tells them the remaining cubes are in a bowl. He then asks the students to work in groups to find how many cubes are in the bowl. He instructs them to discuss the problem, draw a picture, and write a number sentence. The figure presents a bowl and three cubes. Which of the following student expectations is Mr. Thompson primarily reinforcing with the activity? A.Students will analyze figures. B.Students will draw conclusions from data. C.Students will write equations to solve mathematical problems. D.Students will find patterns in computations.

(C) is correct. The students are asked to illustrate the problem by drawing a picture and then write an equation to represent the problem.

1, 4, 7, 10, _____ A first-grade teacher presents the class with the arithmetic pattern shown. To complete the pattern, it is most important for students to be familiar with which of the following concepts? A.Identifying place value B.Ordering whole numbers C.Adding two numbers D.Creating AB patterns

(C) is correct. The teacher must first expose the students to simple one-step addition problems to help them recognize patterns in numbers and operations.

Which of the following will best help students understand how to write three-digit numbers in expanded form? A.Learning how to write three-digit numbers in words B.Comparing and ordering three-digit numbers on a number line C.Decomposing three-digit numbers into hundreds, tens, and ones D.Practicing how to add two or more three-digit numbers

(C) is correct. Three-digit numbers are made up of hundreds, tens, and ones. Identifying the digit in each place will help the students learn to write in expanded form.

Which of the following sentences is best identified as a compound sentence? A.The very hungry caterpillar ate for many days and finally rested in its cocoon. B.After reading The Velveteen Rabbit, the students shared their own stories. C.The little red hen worked hard while the other animals decided not to help. D.Goodnight Moon is my favorite bedtime story; consequently the book is worn.

(D) is correct. A compound sentence has two independent clauses or sentences.

Carlos has 3 boxes of marbles with the same number of marbles in each box. If he has a total of 12 marbles, how many marbles are in each box? A teacher uses the problem shown while teaching a lesson about division. The teacher illustrates how to solve the problem by first drawing three boxes and then filling them with marbles as shown. The figure presents three boxes. Each box contains 4 marbles. Which of the following best characterizes the strategy for dividing that the teacher illustrated for the students? A.Repeated subtraction B.Skip counting C.Measurement division D.Partitive division

(D) is correct. A partitive division problem is one in which the total number of groups is known and the number of items in each group will be determined.

There are thirty-two students in a third-grade class. Five students play the drums, eight students play the clarinet, nine students play the flute, and ten students play the piano. Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for displaying the information? A.Dotplot B.Scatterplot C.Line graph D.Bar graph

(D) is correct. Bar graphs are used to compare quantities in different categories or groups.

For a formative assessment, a second-grade teacher gives each group of students a box of pattern blocks and a task to work on collaboratively. The teacher can best assess the students' understanding of composing two-dimensional shapes by having the students perform which of the following tasks? A.Naming the shape and color of each block in the set and ordering the blocks by size B.Making a table and listing the number of sides and the number of angles in each shape C.Using the pattern blocks to copy given pictures of boats, animals, flowers, and cars D.Using only the triangular blocks in the set to build each of the other shapes in the set

(D) is correct. Composing shapes involves building new shapes from other shapes, while decomposing shapes involves breaking down a shape into small constituent shapes.

A second-grade teacher begins a read-aloud of a fictional chapter book. Which of the following instructional strategies best develops students' ability to engage in character analysis to improve their comprehension of the text? A.Using a plot diagram to identify the main characters, setting, and plot events B.Asking students to illustrate what they think the characters look like C.Guiding a discussion in which each student explains his or her favorite character D.Helping students relate to the characters through targeted questioning

(D) is correct. Giving students the opportunity to identify things they have in common with the characters helps students build a connection to the characters and care about what happens to them.

CVC, CVCe, CVVC A first-grade teacher provides students with a list of words and instructs them to sort the words into the categories shown. The activity will most likely reinforce students' understanding of which of the following concepts? A.Rhyming words B.Onsets and rimes C.Consonant digraphs D.Vowel patterns

(D) is correct. The activity requires students to sort words based on vowel patterns. "C" stands for consonant and "V" stands for vowel.

Preschoolers are presented with two plates of cookies. The red plate has seven cookies, and the blue plate has ten cookies. When asked which plate has more cookies, most children say the blue plate. The children who answer the question correctly show evidence of which of the following understandings? A.Using mental strategies to add small quantities B.Using numerals to describe quantities C.Counting on to find the difference between numbers D.Comparing sets of objects visually

(D) is correct. The children who answer the question correctly and say that the blue plate has more cookies than the red plate show evidence of the ability to compare quantities without counting, adding, or subtracting.

After a shared reading of a story, a teacher demonstrates a retelling strategy for the class with a think-aloud. On which of the following elements is it best for the teacher to focus? A.Determining the traits of the main characters B.Using strategies to decode words C.Making connections to similar stories D.Sequencing the events in the story

(D) is correct. The retelling of a story requires students to summarize events in the correct order that they occurred in the story.

Four pies of equal size are to be cut into slices. The slices within a pie will be the same size. Pie A will be cut into 10 slices, pie B will be cut into 8 slices, pie C will be cut into 4 slices, and pie D will be cut into 2 slices. A student who receives the largest slice possible will receive a slice from which pie? A.A B.B C.C D.D

(D) is correct. The slices from pie D are each 1/2 of the pie, which is a larger slice than slices that are 1/4 of the pie, 1/8 of the pie, or 1/10 of the pie.

The figure presents a box with 6 shapes labeled Circle all the rectangles. The 6 shapes from left to right are as follows: a rectangle with the length horizontal, a triangle, an oval, a rectangle with the width horizontal, a square inclined at an angle, and a rectangle inclined at an angle. The rectangle with the length horizontal, the triangle, and the rectangle with the width horizontal are circled. A kindergarten student was asked to circle all the rectangles in the box, as shown above. Which of the following can the teacher reasonably conclude about the student's understanding of rectangles? A.The student recognizes rectangles as having four sides and four 90 degree angles. B.The student thinks all four-sided shapes or quadrilaterals are rectangles. C.The student recognizes that a square is a quadrilateral and a special rectangle. D.The student thinks a rectangle must have a horizontal side.

(D) is correct. The student circled all the figures that have a horizontal side, and those figures include the triangle.

A first-grade teacher reads an informational text about baby animals aloud to students. The following vocabulary words are in the text. Vocabulary Word Definition Baby A young animal Marsupial An animal whose baby lives in a pouch inside the mother's body Fur Hair covering the body of some animals Scales Thin protective covering found on fish and reptiles The teacher wants to focus instruction on Tier-II vocabulary words. Which of the following words best represents a Tier-II vocabulary word for most first-grade students? A.Baby B.Marsupial C.Fur D.Scales

(D) is correct. Tier-II words are important for students to learn and can be used in a variety of ways so that students have opportunities to build connections to other words and concepts. "Scales" is a word not all first graders would know in this context. It also has multiple meanings and is a word students will encounter fairly regularly during science class.

A teacher has students trace one of their hands on a sheet of colored paper, cut out the tracing, and use a tool to approximate its area. Which of the following is the most appropriate tool for the students to use to accomplish the task? A.A multiplication formula B.A measuring tape C.A computer application D.A grid of one-inch squares

(D) is correct. To approximate the area of their hands, students will first place the cutout on a grid of one-inch squares. Then they will count the number of one-inch squares covered and estimate the fractional parts of squares covered. Lastly, the students will add the whole and fractional parts of the one-inch squares to get a reasonable estimate of the area of their hands in square inches.

Which of the following activities best helps third-grade students understand the concept of civic participation in the community? A.Meeting with local representatives to discuss community issues B.Making a list of organizations that are located within their community C.Researching the political platforms of local representatives within the community D.Reading about the structure of their local government

A) is correct. Civic participation refers to the way community members engage in the life of their community. Meeting with local representatives to discuss community issues provides an opportunity for the students to interact with community leaders and contribute to the development of their community.

Problem: A school is renting vans to take 143 students and teachers on a field trip. Each van can hold 18 people. If the school rents the least number of vans possible, how many vans does the school need to rent? A third-grade teacher gives students the word problem shown. Based on the information provided, which THREE of the following statements are correct? A.Eight vans are needed for the field trip. B.Two vans will have fewer than 18 people. C.Nine vans will have 18 people each in them. D.Seven vans will be completely full. E.One van will have only 17 people in it.

A), (D), and (E) are correct. 143÷18=7, with a remainder of 17, which means the school needs to rent 8 vans. 7 out of the 8 vans will be completely full, and only 1 van will have 17 people in it.

A family of multiple generations living together so members can help support each other is an example of cultural A.diversity B.interdependence C.independence D.perspective

B) is correct. Cultural interdependence describes a situation in which members value being together, helping each other, and growing together as a family or cultural unit.

An elementary teacher can most effectively introduce students to the concept of civic participation by A.providing clearly defined classroom rules B.having students help create classroom rules C.helping students settle disputes calmly D.creating an assigned seating chart

B) is correct. Having students help create classroom rules allows them to be part of the civic process and introduces them to the concepts of justice, equality, rule of law, and citizenship.

Which of the following events best exemplifies a direct impact people have on the physical environment? A.An algal bloom in a nearby lake B.A blizzard that causes school closures C.A methane leak caused by fracking D.A wildfire sparked by lightning

C) is correct. Human activities such as fracking alter the environment in different ways. Fracking, a way to extract natural gas or oil from layers of rocks, leads to increased levels of methane, a greenhouse gas that eventually produces carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The figure presents a bar graph titled Third Grade Students' Choice of Volunteer Activities. The horizontal axis is labeled Activity and has 4 vertical bars that represent the following 4 categories of activity. Food Drive. Bake Sale. Park Cleanup, and Recycling Project. The vertical axis is labeled Number of Students and the numbers 0 through 14, in increments of 2, are indicated. The Food Drive bar ends at 11, the Bake Sale bar ends at 9, the Park Cleanup bar ends at 12, and the Recycling Project bar ends at 4. Third graders are voting to select the volunteer activity the class will participate in. Based on the information provided in the chart, which of the following statements is correct? A.The same number of students want to participate in the food drive and in the park cleanup. B.Forty percent of the students prefer to participate in the recycling project. C.Nine students voted to participate in the bake sale. D.More than half of the students like to cleanup the park.

C) is correct. The chart shows that nine students voted to participate in the bake sale.

A teacher of young children hopes to convey the idea of scarcity by conducting an activity in the classroom. Which of the following activities is most appropriate for helping the students understand the concept and how it affects them? A.Handing out a different candy to each student in the classroom B.Drawing a picture that illustrates 20 students and only 25 cookies C.Placing students in a line and giving a sticker to every third student D.Discussing the meaning with students and explaining real-life situations

C) is correct. The scenario illustrates the concept of scarcity since not all the students receive a sticker.

Put the following United States historical events in chronological order. A.) End of the American Revolutionary War B.) Occurrence of the Boston Tea Party C.) Ratification of the United States Constitution D.) Signing of the Declaration of Independence E.) Election of George Washington as the first president of the United States

Correct Answer: B, D, A, C, E The correct sequence of events is: 1) Occurence of the Boston Tea Party (1773); 2) Signing the Declaration of Independence (1776); 3) End of the American Revolutionary War (1783); 4) Ratification of the United States Constitution (1787); and 5) Election of George Washington as the first president of the United States (1789).

After having a preschool class read an expository picture book based on an important historical topic, which of the following would be the most appropriate way for the teacher to have students demonstrate chronological-thinking skills? A.Breaking textual information in the book into units of time B.Supporting textual information in the book with a time line C.Examining and describing artifacts used during the period in which the events of the book occur D.Arranging pictures of the events from the book in sequential order

D) is correct. Chronological-thinking skills include the ability to distinguish between past, present, and future time, and to identify the structure of a historical narrative or story; i.e., its beginning, middle, and end. Arranging pictures of an event in sequential order requires chronological-thinking skills and is appropriate for this grade level.

Which of the following instructional strategies is most appropriate when teaching preschool students conflict resolution skills? A.Telling students who are arguing to hug each other and to use kind words B.Placing arguing students in separate chairs to think about their words C.Notifying students' parents about what happened and asking the parents to talk with their children D.Having students take turns explaining what happened and helping them resolve the issue together

D) is correct. Having students resolve the issue together includes the students in the resolution process. The students need to provide input and be a part of the process to learn how to solve conflicts in the future.

Which of the following situations best demonstrates the concept of interdependence? A.Mr. Scott grows all the vegetables his family eats on their farm. B.A teacher rewards the student of the week with a new pencil. C.Annie decides not to buy ice cream and buys a book instead. D.A sports club buys lunch for its members from the local diner.

D) is correct. Interdependence means depending on others for some needs. The sports club relies on the diner to provide lunch for its members.

Which of the following activities is best for a first-grade teacher to use when introducing basic geographic literacy skills? A.Using a legend on a map to identify landmarks and familiar buildings near the school B.Drawing a scaled map of familiar objects and locations to show relative distance C.Using a compass rose and cardinal directions to describe relationships between cities and states D.Describing how objects in the classroom would look if viewed from a hot-air balloon

D) is correct. It is appropriate to introduce students to the concept of maps by using a very familiar environment, such as their classroom. By using the view from a hot-air balloon, it helps students understand the concept of perspective while using a map; i.e., seeing things from another viewpoint. This activity will also help students learn basic map features, such as directionality terms, legends, and scales.

At the beginning of the school year, a teacher organizes a variety of icebreaker activities for students to help them build trust and become comfortable taking academic risks. Which of the following civics concepts is best taught through these activities? A.Justice B.Power C.Freedom D.Citizenship

D) is correct. The activities described will teach students to be part of a community that cares for and respects its members.

When the denominator of a fraction is 1, then the fraction A.simplifies to less than 1 B.is a unit fraction C.represents a whole number D.is an improper fraction

Option (C) is correct. When the denominator of a fraction is 1, the fraction is a whole number. For example, 4/1=4.

For each row, select whether each topic is best written using formal or informal language. Topic Formal Language Informal Language Writing a text to a friend -Informal Writing a report on sharks for class -Formal Writing a letter to a United States senator -Formal

When writing a text to a friend, a person uses informal language because of the close relationship with the audience. The language for a report for class is formal because the teacher and classmates are the audience and the purpose is to give information. The language is formal for a letter to a United States senator because the writer wants to be taken seriously.

Onset

initial sounds/blends. /sh/: shark, shoes, shovel, sheep; /sw/: swim, sweep, swing, swan; /sp/: spider, spaceship, spaghetti, spoon


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