ECON 155 Final

Which of the following is the best example of a concurrent power under the U.S. Constitution?

the power to collect taxes

The ruling in Miranda v Arizona established

the rights of a suspect under questioning

What does the term Jim Crow mean?

the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction

Under the United States' first constitution,

there was no president.

What mechanism was instituted to guard against "excessive democracy"?

all of the others

Block grants are designed to

give the states considerable discretion in how the money should be spent.

The Federalists believed that the most apparent source of tyranny was ________.

the popular majority

Match each of the following amendments with its purpose. Amendments (a) Fourth Amendment, (b) Fifth Amendment, (c) Sixth Amendment Purposes (1) protects against unreasonable searches and seizures (2) protects citizens by giving the right to receive counsel for defense of a crime (3) protects citizens from being tried twice for the same alleged crime (double jeopardy)

(a)-(1), (b)-(3), (c)-(2)

The Bill of Rights was adopted as part of the Constitution as a concession to which political faction?

Antifederalists

Which of the following helped black Americans secure voting rights? Voting Rights Act of 1965 Tenth Amendment Fifteenth Amendment Twenty-Fourth Amendment Brown v. Board of Education

1, 3, and 4

A presidential pocket veto is automatically triggered if the president does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final ___ days of a legislative session.

10

Put these major moments from civil rights history in chronological order. The Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act are passed in back-to-back years. Plessy v. Fergusonis decided by the Supreme Court. The equal protection clause is added to the U.S. Constitution. Brown v. Board of Education is decided by the Supreme Court.

3-2-4-1

Advocates of limiting the powers of the national government justify their position by the ________ of the U.S. Constitution.

Tenth Amendment

Affirmative action

aims to overcome the consequences of past discrimination by making special efforts to encourage greater diversity.

Senators were originally elected by state legislatures, not by popular vote, and their longer terms were meant to insulate the Senate from swings in public opinion.

T

Which of the following was employed to discriminate against African Americans who wanted to vote?

All of the others

During the Founding era, ________ were the strongest supporters of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.

Antifederalists

Which Supreme Court case ruled that the doctrine of "separate but equal" was unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.

________ prevents people from being tried twice for the same crime.

Double jeopardy

________ is the single most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes.

Education level

How are election days in the United States different from those in other countries?

European elections are usually held on weekends instead of working days.

The right to remain silent is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.

Fifth

What was the main cause for dropping the legal voting age to eighteen?

Government officials hoped it would lead to a decline in disruptive student protests.

How does the operation of the House differ from the operation of the Senate? Choose the most appropriate sentence below.

House members are more likely to specialize in specific legislative fields.

What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?

It abolished slavery.

Which of the following was a ramification of the Three-fifths Compromise?

It allowed for a political agreement between the North and the South.

Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable philosophical statement for its time?

It asserted that there were "unalienable rights" that could not be abridged by governments.

How is a decline in political efficacy likely to matter for the health of the American democracy?

It is likely to lead to a decline in political participation and a withdrawal from political life.

What is the main purpose behind the privileges and immunities clause of Article IV?

It prevents states from discriminating against nonresidents.

A definitive role for the states in the American federal system was preserved by the ________ Amendment.

Tenth

What bloc of voters has recently been called "the sleeping giant"?

Latino Americans

In 2015 the Supreme Court fully clarified that the Equal Protection Clause applies to same-sex marriages in which of the following landmark cases?

Obergefell v. Hodges

What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?

Representation would be equal for each state.

Under the Great Compromise, small states were given an advantage in the

Senate.

Place the following events in chronological order. Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation adopted Boston Tea Party Constitution adopted Stamp Act

Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation adopted, Constitution adopted

Which of the following statements about high school students in public schools is most accurate?

The Supreme Court has ruled that high school students have conditionally protected speech that can be constitutionally regulated under certain circumstances.

Dollree Mapp was convicted through evidence obtained through an illegal police search. What happened in her case?

The Supreme Court ruled that the illegal evidence could not be used in court.

Which of the following is true about the Articles of Confederation?

The national government depend upon the states to collect taxes.

Imagine that the president negotiates a deal on trade with Canada, but the Senate has voiced strong opposition to it. What is the most likely outcome?

The president signs an executive agreement.

Which of the following accurately describes the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia?

The protection of property was one of the delegates' primary goals.

Jewish Americans tend to favor Democratic candidates.

True

Which of the following statements about Asian Americans is true?

Turnout rates among Asian Americans have been generally lower than those of other groups.

Which of the following statements is true about the Three-fifths Compromise?

Under this compromise, five slaves would count as three free persons in apportioning seats in the House of Representatives.

The federal system can be best defined as

a system of government in which power is divided between a national government and lower levels of government.

To override a presidential veto, which of the following is required?

a two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate

In 1958, Congress passed a law (the National Aeronautics and Space Act) to establish NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This is an example of

an implied power.

The supremacy clause

announces that the Constitution and all national laws made under it are superior to any state laws.

Political efficacy is the

belief that citizens can affect government.

To be sent to the president, a bill must be passed by

both the House and the Senate.

In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled on two different University of Michigan cases related to affirmative action. They ruled that race as one of a number of considerations was ____. They also ruled that giving minority applicants a bonus 20 points on the application scoring system was ____.

constitutional, unconstitutional

Racial discrimination that results from practice rather than law is called ________ discrimination.

de fact

An act of Congress bestowing a specific power to the president or executive bureaucracy to carry out on behalf of congress is an example of

delegated powers.

The process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is known as

devolution.

Congress' ability to pass laws necessary to carry out its expressed powers is known as the

elastic clause

According to the textbook, liberty, democracy, and ____ are the United States' core political values.

equality

The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

established the separate but equal rule.

The ________ is primarily concerned with Congress sponsoring or favoring a specific religion, whereas _________ has to do with Congress prohibiting or interfering with the practice of religion.

establishment clause, free exercise clause

As of today, most public universities in California have affirmative action programs.

f

It is unconstitutional to burn the American flag.

f

One of the most significant patterns in political participation is that young people have much higher rates of participation than older people.

f

In general, Americans' trust in their government has ________ since the 1960s.

fallen sharply

The so-called Lemon test, which came from the court case Lemon v. Kurtzman, concerns the issue of

financial aid to religious schools.

When was the era of dual federalism according to the authors of the text?

from the ratification of the Constitution until the New Deal

What were some of the major points of disagreement during ratification of the Constitution?

how to prevent tyranny (how to safeguard against tyranny)

The words under God were added to the Pledge of Allegiance

in the midst of the Cold War, as a response to the "godless communism" of the Soviet Union.

In order to signify that the enumerated/expressed powers were meant to be a source of strength to the national government (and not a limitation on it), the Founders:

included the elastic clause in the Constitution

Which of the following were the Antifederalists most concerned with?

the potential for tyranny in the central government (the tyranny of the elite)

United States v.Windsor is important because

it ruled that section three of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is unconstitutional and that the federal government cannot discriminate against married same sex couples for the purposes of determining federal benefits and protections.

What power does the Supreme Court possess that is not expressly given to it by the Constitution?

judicial review

The NAACP had the most success with ________ for combating racism.

lawsuits

Which of the following characteristics constitutes one's socioeconomic status?

level of income, level of education, and prestige of occupation

"You support me on bill X, and I'll support you on another bill of your choice." This statement illustrates the concept of

logrolling

An example of the phenomenon called the gender gap would be that

more women than men vote for Democrats.

The source of implied powers under the U.S. Constitution is the ________ clause.

necessary and proper

The main tactic that Martin Luther King, Jr. encouraged his followers to use in their protest was _____.

non-violent protests/civil disobedience

The belief that citizens can influence what government does is called ________.

political efficacy

Which of the following types of speech is generally protected under the Constitution?

political speech

Which type of legislation specifies a project to be funded within a particular district to help a legislator with reelection even though that project is likely not essential?

pork-barrel

The constitutional authority of Congress to forbid discrimination in employment is based on the

power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

The term eminent domain describes the

power of the government to take private property for public use (with just compensation)

The decision to give the national government control over commerce and finance was motivated primarily by the framers' desire to

promote economic development and protect property from radical state legislatures.

The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on the

right to privacy.

The process by which the Supreme Court justices have expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called ________.

selective incorporation

When secular law conflicts with religious beliefs, freedom of religion is

sometimes denied.

The full faith and credit clause of the Constitution requires

states to honor each other's public acts and legal decisions.

During the national debate over ratification of the new Constitution, the Federalists

supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government.

Complete the following statements to correctly describe the processes involved in apportionment and redistricting. The process of apportionment occurs every _____ years and may grant additional seats to those states with _____. The process of _______ occurs as part of redistricting and may intentionally give power to a specific political or demographic group.

ten; population growth; gerrymandering

Which of the following made discrimination by private employers and state governments illegal?

the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Which event was most influential in the rise of a more active national government?

the Great Depression

What is the principal difference between an autocracy and an oligarchy?

the number of people in charge

Evangelical Protestants are more likely to be associated with ________.

the Republican Party

Which amendments to the U.S. Constitution seemed to offer African Americans the most hope for achieving full citizenship rights in the United States?

the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments

What led British officials to raise taxes on the American colonists during the 1760s?

the amount spent on fighting the French and Indian Wars

The wall of separation between church and state is best found in what clause of the Constitution?

the establishment clause

An autocracy exists when

the government is controlled by a single individual.

During the ratification debates, who were the Antifederalists?

those who opposed the new Constitution because they wanted a weaker central government

Which of the following is NOT an expressed power of the president under Article II of the U.S. Constitution?

to declare war

What was the original purpose of voter registration?

to reduce corruption by making it more difficult to vote

Put these groups in the order in which they received the right to vote from earliest to most recent. black males women people aged 18-20 white males with property

white males with property, black males, women, people aged 18-20