EDEC 320 Early Childhood Methods Chapter 1

Which are goals of an anti-bias approach? a. Construct a knowledgeable, confident self-identity. b. Develop comfortable, empathetic, and just interactions with diversity. c. Minimize social friction by downplaying differences and highlighting similarities. d. Develop critical thinking skills. e. Develop the skills to stand up for oneself and others in the face of injustice.

a. Construct a knowledgeable, confident self-identity. b. Develop comfortable, empathetic, and just interactions with diversity. d. Develop critical thinking skills. e. Develop the skills to stand up for oneself and others in the face of injustice.

Individual appropriateness should never involve lowering expectations for a child. a. True b. False

a. True

In Erikson's third psychosocial stage (initiative versus guilt), how can caregivers reinforce initiative? a. give children freedom to engage in fantasy and dramatic play b. hone children's critical thinking skills c. provide unconditional love to children d. help children learn to do things for themselves

a. give children freedom to engage in fantasy and dramatic play

According to Gardner, children who are accomplished in intrapersonal intelligence: a. have a strong sense of self. b. enjoy working on self-paced projects. c. frequently persist in asking the big questions that adults cannot answer. d. learn through understanding their roles in relationship to others. e. learn through moving, doing, and touching.

a. have a strong sense of self. b. enjoy working on self-paced projects. d. learn through understanding their roles in relationship to others.

A hallmark of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development is: a. object permanence. b. egocentricity. c. abstract thinking. d. symbolic thinking.

a. object permanence.

Developmentally appropriate practice: a. recognizes the social nature of learning. b. ignores individual differences or characteristics. c. emphasizes children learning to think critically. d. takes the focus off of scaffolding. e. values cultural and linguistic diversity.

a. recognizes the social nature of learning. c. emphasizes children learning to think critically. e. values cultural and linguistic diversity.

All children develop in a uniform manner, despite differences in genetic makeup, experiences in the home, and cultural contexts. a. True b. False

b. False

While demonstrating a skill to a toddler, providing a verbal explanation is unnecessary because toddlers have limited language ability. a. True b. False

b. False

What role does a consistent routine play in an infant's life? a. It allows an infant to begin to acquire impulse control. b. It helps the infant learn to self-regulate. c. It prevents an infant from developing certain skills too early. d. It facilitates an infant's neurological development.

b. It helps the infant learn to self-regulate.

Which statements accurately describe the role of play in a child's development? a. Play enhances a child's development, but only if there is no adult involvement. b. Play aids in a child's understanding of rules. c. Play helps develop self-esteem. d. Play helps create neurological networks in a child's brain. e. Play provides a child with insight into himself or herself and into the community.

b. Play aids in a child's understanding of rules. c. Play helps develop self-esteem. d. Play helps create neurological networks in a child's brain. e. Play provides a child with insight into himself or herself and into the community.

Which statements accurately describe 5-year-olds? a. They are very empathetic and are usually able to see things from another person's perspective. b. They have more self-control, with parents and teachers having the most influence on their behavior. c. They start to experiment with basic self-care, such as washing their own hands and dressing themselves. d. They begin to show signs of an interest in and ability to perform self-regulation. e. They are more social, often having best friends and enjoying play with other children.

b. They have more self-control, with parents and teachers having the most influence on their behavior. e. They are more social, often having best friends and enjoying play with other children.

Regarding play, it is the teacher's responsibility to: a. initiate games that include explicit instruction. b. provide open-ended play materials. c. create a positive and safe place for play. d. consistently set rules for children's play. e. ensure that games reflect the dominant culture.

b. provide open-ended play materials. c. create a positive and safe place for play.

According to Gardner, how do children who favor logical-mathematical intelligence learn? a. through creating three-dimensional artwork b. through asking questions in a logical manner c. through making connections between pieces of information d. through moving, doing, and touching e. through developing problem-solving skills

b. through asking questions in a logical manner c. through making connections between pieces of information e. through developing problem-solving skills

Which steps should a teacher take to foster active communication with families? a. Provide a monthly or quarterly online report for infants' families. b. Ensure that all communications are in Standard English. c. Provide a daily or weekly report for toddlers' families. d. Encourage families to visit the classroom. e. Offer opportunities for families to volunteer.

c. Provide a daily or weekly report for toddlers' families. d. Encourage families to visit the classroom. e. Offer opportunities for families to volunteer.

Which statement about communication between teachers and families is true? a. Teachers should involve the family in a child's education as little as possible. b. Teachers should assess all children's needs and progress in the same way, regardless of their families' cultural backgrounds. c. Teachers should learn from a child's family and involve them in the education process. d. Teachers should tell a child's family what needs to be accomplished in the child's education.

c. Teachers should learn from a child's family and involve them in the education process.

Which statements accurately describe 3-year-olds? a. They no longer benefit from repetition of activities. b. They are usually very empathetic. c. They can play with other children but find it difficult to cooperate in a game. d. They typically enjoy fantasy and imaginative play. e. They have a sophisticated understanding of cause and effect.

c. They can play with other children but find it difficult to cooperate in a game. d. They typically enjoy fantasy and imaginative play.

In Erikson's first psychosocial stage of development, how do caregivers create a foundation of trust? a. by letting infants feed themselves b. by exposing infants to a range of interesting environments c. by meeting infants' needs d. by letting infants do things on their own

c. by meeting infants' needs

Caregivers can help toddlers feel good about themselves by: a. praising them for asking for help rather than doing things alone. b. pushing them to attempt things that are beyond their abilities. c. encouraging them to do things for themselves. d. continuing to do as many things as possible for them.

c. encouraging them to do things for themselves.

An infant's well-being in the future is most linked to the infant's: a. feelings of independence. b. acquisition of an understanding of object permanence early on. c. secure attachment to a caring, stable adult. d. ability to self-entertain at a young age.

c. secure attachment to a caring, stable adult.

How can a teacher create a learning environment that reflects an anti-bias approach? a. focus on group cohesion rather than constructing self-identities b. ignore diversity and highlight similarities c. keep the class focused on the lesson at hand d. actively challenge prejudice and stereotyping

d. actively challenge prejudice and stereotyping

Which stage of play is organized by children age 4 and older? a. onlooker play b. solitary play c. parallel play d. cooperative play

d. cooperative play

What characterizes the preoperational stage of cognitive development? a. assimilation and accommodation b. object permanence c. equilibrium d. egocentricity and symbolic thinking

d. egocentricity and symbolic thinking

In order to use scaffolding in the classroom, an educator must: a. determine each child's preferred type of intelligence, to group children with like-minded peers. b. group children who are at the same level of learning, so instruction is as streamlined as possible. c. provide plenty of opportunities for individual work, rather than focusing on collaborative group activities. d. learn every single child's level of learning, so the level of help offered can continually be adjusted.

d. learn every single child's level of learning, so the level of help offered can continually be adjusted.

According to Piaget, how do children learn? a. through structured activity in a school setting b. through passive observation of other children c. through explicit instruction from an adult d. through active exploration and discovery

d. through active exploration and discovery

Which stage of play occurs earliest? a. onlooker play b. associative play c. solitary play d. unoccupied behavior

d. unoccupied behavior