EDGE Final 2019
T/F: The medical model for disability supports the view that disability is an artificial and exclusionary social construct that penalizes people with impairments
false
what is the term for combining emotions to facts
interpretation
Which budgeting system appropriates a specific dollar amount to each expenditure identified in the budget?
line-item budgeting
You offer a family rate to access your programs and services that is less than a combined individual rate for the same number of people
offering price differentials based on quantity
Paralympics are more similar to philosophy, athlete eligibility requirements and organizational structure to what organization?
olympics
For a logic model of the EDGE semester, "Improved leisure programs throughout the state of South Carolina "would be considered what type of component
outcome
If you wanted to know whether or not your program has been effective for your participants, you would conduct a
outcome evaluation
what type of interpretation involves someone telling you information (ex. zookeeper tells you about animals)
personal
what is a framework that reflects the values and beliefs of an individual organization
philosophy
A hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group based on generalizations derived from faulty or incomplete information.
prejudice
The YMCA is an example of what sector?
private non-profit
Which of the following choices best exemplifies a high threshold training method?
professional certification or licensure programs
The National Park Service is an example of what sector?
public
Which of the following choices best describes human relations skills?
the ability to analyze situations from multiple perspectives, determine cause and effect, etc.
Which of the following frameworks for the reading A Framework for Thinking Ethically views ethical action as one that best protects and respects the dignity of human life?
the rights approach
5 parts of experience economy
theme positive cues eliminate negative cues mix in memorabilia engage all 5 senses
T in SMART
timely
what are ones personal beliefs that come from within
values
Ultimate attribution error is:
A hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group based on generalizations derived from faulty or incomplete information
outcomes (ABCD)
A: Audience B: Behavior C: Condition D: Degree
who developed the theory of hierarchy of needs, where the goal is to help people reach peak experiences and self-actualization?
Maslow
Which of the following U.S. federal laws prohibits discrimination in hiring, promotion, training and other aspects of employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which of the following in not one of the 3 elements that must be met in using assumption of risk as a defense to negligence? a. The risk could not be anticipated. b. The risk is inherent to the activity. c. The plaintiff must have knowledge, understanding, or appreciation of the risks involved in the activity d. The plaintiff must voluntarily consent to participate in the activity.
a. the risk could not be anticipated
A in KSA stands for
abilities
When an activity or format is broken down into parts so that its structure and characteristics can be analyzed, that is called
activity analysis
The "promotional mix" consists of these 2 elements:
advertising & public relations
promotional mix elements
advertising and public relations
A in SMART
attainable
Lickert scales are most frequently used in what type of evaluation approach
attitude scales
likert scales are most frequently used in what type of evaluation approach?
attitude surveys
what type of leadership style do the leaders have a lot of power and members have very little power?
autocratic (ex. US military)
This term is defined as "a process that involves establishing a "personality" for a company or product/service in the minds of some target group
branding
what is defined asa process that involves establishing a personality for a company or p/s in the minds of some target group
branding
You have established a price for a special event that covers fixed and variable costs
break-even analysis, a form of cost-based pricing
what term is defined by planning finances over time, where the organization plans to spend money, etc.
budget
what type of leadership style "works by the book" and ensures that all rules are followed?
bureaucratic (ex. public schools)
what type of marketing uses high-profile entertainment or news to get ppl to talk about a brand
buzz marekting
what type of marketing works to support social causes to earn respect & support from ppl who feel strongly about the cause
cause marekting
Which of the following perspectives from the Rutland Center's 'Ethics Toolbox' views ethics is not simply a set of "thou shalts" and "thou shalt nots" but more like a "habit" one develops by acting the right way over and over again until it becomes a part of one's personality?
character perspective
If you were operating at "full cost recovery or break even" you would....
charge enough to cover the total costs of running the program
Organization Q was formed by a special charter and is owned by shareholders who have limited liability. Organization Q is most likely from the ___________________________ sector.
commercial
The U.S. legal system is based primarily on
common law
what type of marketing forms or supports niche communities that are likely to share interests about the brand (ex. fan clubs, discussion forums)
community marketing
This type of program format often has different organizational patterns such as tournaments, contests, meets and leagues
competition
Which of the following perspectives from the Rutland Center's 'Ethics Toolbox' encourages you to choose the action that produces the greatest benefit at the lowest cost—over the long haul— for all those who have a stake in the matter>
consequences perspective
name the NRPA pillars
conservation, health & wellness, and social equity
When candidates are compared to each other, and not a rating form. This is known as:
contrast effect
When deciding how much to charge for an activity or service, a programmer must engage in what kind of process?
cost allocation
"I go above & beyond to exceed Guest expectations." would best describe which one of Disney's 4 keys.
courtesy
Which of the following is true? a. For an agency to be successful with grant writing, they need to hire a professional grant writer. b. Gifts and donations are assets that benefit parks, recreation, and leisure services entities. c. In-kind contributions involve an even exchange of money and other supports. d. Successful partnerships share goals and understand the real costs of doing business.
d.
what type of leadership style do leaders actively encourage team members to participate in decision making?
democratic
Age, income, gender, race, and religion are examples of...
demographics
Leadership and Management are...
different in that Management is about the coordination and integration of resources, and Leadership is about interpersonal influence aimed at achieving organizational goals.
Charging a child a lower entrance fee for the zoo than you would charge a parent is called what kind of pricing?
differential
Which the following interview questions is considered acceptable questions to ask someone you are interviewing for a job?
do you have any health conditions that might hinder your ability to attend work on a regular schedule?
A leader with good conceptual skills would be able to:
envision how decisions made today will likely impact the programs in the future
what is the branch of knowldge that deals with moral principles and how they govern a persons behavior
ethics
what type of marketing cultivates advocates or volunteers who are encouraged to take a leadership role in actively spreading the word on your behalf
evangelist marekting
T/F: According to the reading A Framework for Thinking Ethically, ethics should be based on religious beliefs
false
T/F: All stereotypes are negative
false
T/F: Changing elements of an activity or format so that it can be adapted to participant ability or need is called activity clustering.
false
T/F: Ethical dilemmas can only be dealt with using one's gut or intuition; systematic reasoning can never be applied to such dilemmas
false
T/F: Evaluation should not occur until your program is completed
false
T/F: In conducting an evaluation of Clemson fans' game day football experience, you would want to send a questionnaire to all participants rather than just a representative sample since you need everybody's opinion in order to make wise decisions
false
T/F: In order to establish an effective brand, it is not important to be consistent (using same colors, images, tagline, messaging, etc.)
false
T/F: Leadership ability is determined by traits one is born with that include both appearance and personality style.
false
T/F: Leadership is highly complex and cannot be defined. Our readings continued this trend by refusing to define leadership.
false
T/F: Professional certification or license is an example of low threshold training method?
false
T/F: Qualitative research is an evaluation approach that focuses on numbers such as counts of program participants
false
T/F: Simply knowing right from wrong is sufficient to being ethical, even if we don't know how to translate that knowledge into ethical action
false
T/F: The law of diminishing returns states that as you add more employees to your organization while keeping inputs (e.g., fiscal resources, activity space, office areas) constant, each new employee will contribute more and more to the overall productivity of the organization
false
T/F: The statement that outlines how your business, products, or services differ from your competition is called your brand strategy
false
T/F: There are 4 NRPA Pillars are Conservation, Sustainability, Social Equity, and Health & Wellness.
false
T/F: sponsorships are an ineffective form of marketing a product
false
T/F: ADA only involves access to facilities not to programs and services
false (ADA 1990)
what type of cost includes a one that stays constant no matter what or how many goods/services are provided (ex. rent, insurance)
fixed costs
what term is defined by the courage to assume responsibility, courage to serve, courage to participate and orbit around the purpose rather than the leader
followership
What type of evaluation is conducted during an event?
formative
The two types of marketing targets are...
gatekeepers & end users
name the 2 types of marketing targets
gatekeepers and end users
what type of marketing focuses on organizing and motivation volunteers too engage in personal or local outreach
grassroots marketing
unconventional ways to bring attention to a p/s like flash mobs, viral campaigns, graffiti, etc. is what type of marketing?
guerilla
Unconventional ways to bring attention to an idea or product or service like using flash mobs, viral campaigns, graffiti, or other unexpected methods
guerrilla marketing
If a person with a disability wanted to participate in a program and needed a sign language interpreter, you would...
have to provide an interpreter at no additional cost to the person if it caused no undue hardship
Ernest Shackleton is a leader that is studied by groups, businesses and governments alike because of his leadership story that is about:
his ability to keep his crew alive for two years in Antartica, and get them all to safety
Which of the following shows the correct order of steps in the Rutland Center's four-step approach to ethical decision-making?
identify, analyze, justify, decide
What are the two fundamental types of program objectives?
implementation and outcome
Cultivating advocates or volunteers who are encouraged to take a leadership role in actively spreading the word on your behalf is called...
influencer marketing
what type of marketing identifies key communities and opinion leaders who are likely to talk abut products and have the ability of influencing others
influencer marketing
For a logic model of the EDGE semester, "classroom space "would be considered what type of component?
input
what type of variable falls on a scale like temperature, number of people, standardized test scores, shoe size
interval
K in KSA stands for
knowledge
what type of leadership style do leaders provide minimal input and allow team members to work in their own way
laissez fair (ex. some sports coaches)
what role creates vision and strategy, as well as helps others grow, keep an eye on the horizon, is a facilitator, etc.
leadership
what is a systematic and visual way to present and share ones understanding of the relationships among the recourses you have to operate your program, the activities you plan to do, and the changes or results you hope to achieve?
logic model
The most effective leaders are born or made?
made
what role plans, budgets, keeps an eye on the bottom line, organizes, staffs, controls, and focuses on goals
management
This term describes "everything a company does to deliver a product/service to its target markets."
marketing
what is defined by everything that a company does to deliver a p/s to its target market
marketing
what measurement of central tendency represents the average?
mean
M in SMART
measurable
what measurement of central tendency represents the middle value?
median
what reflects an organizations essential reason for existence and states unique identity that sets it apart from others?
mission
What is the phrase that articulates what a leisure service organization is trying to accomplish?
mission statement
what measurement of central tendency represents the most frequently reported value?
mode
what is a system of beliefs that us taught for deciding good and bad
morals
the most common type of lawsuit leisure services managers face is..
negligence
what is the ability to communicate with others to reach a deal requires tactics & methods and one has to know what they want (exploration, bidding, settling)
negotiation skills
A leader knows lots of people and can often get a job done because of her or his connections. This is what type of power
networking
what is the cost recovery approach for program and services that you offer at no charge?
no cost recovery
what type of interpretation has no other humans involved (ex. reading info.)
non-personal
what leisure delivery system meets community needs, is run by a board or directors, is funded by membership fees & fundraisers & grants, money goes back into organization, targets ppl with shared interests
non-profit
For a logic model of the EDGE semester, "Provided over 150 hours of class content "would be considered what type of component?
output
what leisure delivery system aims to make money, started with capital and not taxes, is funded by owners & shareholders & fees/sales, and targets specific segments within the public
private/commercial
what is defined by placing the right product into the right hands at the right time, providing info or samples to influential individuals
product seeding
what is an organizations intentional purpose thats related to its mission?
programming/program design
According to the 4Ps of marketing, what "P" addresses the following question: Where and when can you get across your marketing messages to your target market?
promotion
what is defined as addressing where and when you can get across your marketing messages to your target market
promotion
Characteristics like values, interests and hobbies, lifesytle choices, and behaviors are...
psychographics
Municipal organizations are most likely to be found in which sector?
public
what leisure delivery system meets the basic needs of ppl., money goes back into public entities, used by general public, funded by taxes, admissions, sales, fee, etc and is led by council, gov't, mayor
public (national park service)
what type of variable is race, gender, education, marital status (can't be counted)
qualitative/ nominal
what type of variable has a numerical value like ranking of sports teams, order of people in a line, order of scale
quantitative/ ordinal
R in SMART
relevant
Listed below are examples of universal design except for: a. Zero entry pools b. Revolving doors at hotels c. Ramp outside Fike d. Touch screens on phones
revolving doors??
What is the 1st of the 4 Disney Keys?
safety
Disney's 4 keys
safety, courtesy, show, efficiency
Contracting out services in parks and recreation organizations typically
saves money
S in KSA stands for
skills
S in SMART
specific
Assigning identical characteristics to any person in a group, regardless of actual variations among group members is known as:
stereotype
A leader is good at giving step-by step instructions for activities. She has:
strong technical skills
what is the percentage of the unit cost that will be covered by sources other than the consumer?
subsidy
What type of evaluation would be used to determine whether participants in a jogging program lost weight
summative
The three levels of leadership are:
supervisory, direct, and administrative
According to the article, "Welcome to the Experience Economy", what key experience-design principle "must drive all the design elements and staged events of the experience toward a unified story line that wholly captivates the customer?"
theme
Which of the following are the four steps of process described in the reading on risk management as a starting point for dealing with risk?
transfer, avoidance, reduce, retain
T/F: 501(c)3 is the tax code that legally signifies a nonprofit organization.
true
T/F: A waiver is a type of contract
true
T/F: According to the Social Equity of the NRPA Pillars, universal access to public parks and recreation is a right.
true
T/F: According to the article from the Rutland Institute for Ethics, one can be confident in his/her ethical decision making if there is convergence from multiple ethical frameworks
true
T/F: Case studies are in-depth longitudinal look at a singular instance
true
T/F: Goals are broad statements of purpose, and objectives are measurable statements of specific intentions
true
T/F: Good followers in a team or organization can still be effective leaders.
true
T/F: Historically, negative attitudes AND lack of accessibility have been major factors in limiting individuals' with disabilities participation in recreation opportunities.
true
T/F: Inclusive recreation provides benefits for people with and without disabilities
true
T/F: Personal selling is the process of helping and persuading one or more prospects to purchase a good or service or to act on any idea through the use of an oral presentation, often in a face-to-face manner or by telephone
true
T/F: the only federally approved animals to be trained as registered service animals are dogs & miniature horses
true
what type of interpretation can everyone related to (ex. love, family, fear, death)
universal concept
When consequences of actions are judged by how much good they produce for others, one is operating under which of the following theories?
utilitarianism
juice boxes would be considered a ___ cost with regard to summer day camp
variable
what type pf cost includes a cost that varies with the level of output (ex. raw materials, staff wages)
variable costs
Creating entertaining or informative messages that are designed to passed along in an exponential fashion (often electronically or by email) is called...
viral marketing
what type of marketing uses the creation of entertaining or informative messages to be passed along in an exponential fashion, often electronically or through email
viral marketing
When confronted with an ethical dilemma, if we ask ourselves what a person of our standing or character should do when faces with such a problem, we are operating under:
virtue based ethics
Which of the following is a component of the evaluation process?
~analyze your data ~decide what you want to evaluate ~decide how to approach the evaluation >all choices are correct
Evaluation helps
~determine whether programs are meeting constituent needs ~guide programming decisions ~understand leisure behavior >all choices are correct
what are the 4 steps of risk management
~identify (hazards: environmental, infrastructure, program, emergency care, crisis management, transportation) ~evaluate (frequency, severity) ~treatment (retain, reduce, transfer, avoid) ~implement (develop policies)
Cost of a program is related to...
~the amount of money it takes to run the activity ~who the potential constituent groups are ~social, environmental, and economic costs to society >all choices are correct
Which of the following is an example of a fixed cost?
~the cost of staff salaries ~the cost of support services (trash, police, medical) for a program or service ~the cost of newspaper advertisements to promote a program or service >all choices are correct
The mission statement allows the leisure service organization to articulate which of the following?
~to what extent they have been successful ~what they are trying to accomplish ~who they are providing services for >all of the above
