EDSC 320 Exam 1

Joe is extremely moody. His mother attributes his mood swings to being an adolescent. Based on your understanding of adolescent mood swings, what would you tell Joe's mom?

Joe's moods are most likely linked to his daily activities

Which of the following girls will experience the greatest menstrual discomfort?

Loryn, who has a negative attitude toward menarche

Which adolescent is most likely to have a decrease in time spent with parents and a dramatic increase in the amount of time spent with peers?

Maya, a white female

________ involvement has been found to enhance the adjustment of low-income students in their transition to middle school.

Parental

Which group is most at risk for obesity?

Poor youth, Black Latino and Native American Adolescents

Which child would be expected to have the most conflict with his parents?

Robert, a 13 year old

Matthew and Ryan both live in single-parent households. Matthew interacts with his grandparents every day, whereas Ryan has no contact with his extended family members. Who will be more likely to engage in adolescent misbehavior?

Ryan

Which of the following is NOT a benefit that small schools offer?

?

Abner works long hours on weekends and after school. Research suggests that Abner:

Absent from school more often, less likely to participate in extracurricular activities, enjoys school less, spends less time on homework, and earns slightly lower grades.

_____ are settings for intimate interactions and friendships, whereas _____ are based on reputation, rather than on actual social interaction.

Cliques, crowds

According to Vygotsky, adolescents learn best when:

They encounter tasks that are neither too simple nor too advanced, but just slightly more challenging than their abilities permit them to solve on their own.

Adolescents who come from family environments in which parents have set unrealistically high standards for their children's achievement and react very negatively to failure are most likely to develop:

a fear of failure

When levels of _____&_____ fall below the set points, the _____ stops inhibiting the pituitary gland, thus permitting it to stimulate the release of sex hormones by the gonads.

androgens and estrogens; hypothalamus

In contrast to crowds, cliques:

are settings for adolescents' intimate interactions.

In contrast to the role of the peer group in adolescent development, the family is best suited for helping the adolescent with regard to:

being healthier, happier, and more competent than their peers

Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with being an early-maturing girl?

being less popular, especially with boys

According to adolescents, what is the best thing about school?

being with friends and meeting new people

Samantha attends a public school that has a great deal of freedom to set its own curriculum. This type of school is referred to as what in your text?

charter school

"Druggies," "jocks," and "nerds" are examples of

crowds

Between grades 5 and 9, adolescents' moods while with friends become more positive, whereas moods while with their families follow a(n) _____ pattern.

curvilinear

Esther has been rejected by her peers because she is withdrawn and reclusive. Esther is most likely to be at risk for:

diminished social competence

Differences in the timing and rate of puberty among individuals growing up in the same general environment are largely caused by:

genetic factors

Adolescents who join antisocial peer groups are likely to have:

had problematic parent-child relationships in childhood

In America, early-maturing girls are more likely than their late-maturing peers to:

have a more negative self image

Joey enjoys playing the devil's advocate and is always stirring up discussions with his contrary positions. This ability may be referred to as:

hypothetical thinking

According to the text, puberty involves all of the following except

increases in intellectual functioning

Which of the following is not a characteristic of deductive reasoning in adolescence, as described by the text?

making an inference based on accumulated evidence

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents:

may also be experiencing identity crisis of their own

The average girl in the United States reaches _________, the time of her first menstrual period, sometime between the ages of 12 and 13.

menarche

The ability to think about one's own thoughts is called:

meta-cognition

Marnia attends a school with seventh and eighth graders as well as adolescents who are 1 or 2 years younger. This type of educational institution is called a:

middle school

Which of the following does not contribute to changes in sleep patterns during adolescence?

mood fluctuations throughout the day

Aside from athletics, which types of extracurricular activity are next most popular among ado

most popular: athletics next most popular: music related- band, chorus, orchestra, glee club those related to academic or occupational interests- science and language clubs

Dan, an adolescent, has more developed cognitive skills than his 6-year-old brother Timmy because Timmy's imagination is limited to:

moving easily between specific and abstract ideas

In the United States today, the peer group is most likely to have _______ influence on an adolescent's academic achievement.

negative

Which of the following factors have not been found to influence the onset of maturation?

peer pressure

Dave knows that kids who drink and drive sometimes get killed, but he believes that he is somehow immune to having such a terrible thing happen to him. Dave's belief is an example of:

personal fable

Which of the following female sex characteristics is usually the last to develop?

regular ovulation

Which of the following is most important in influencing adolescents' learning and psychosocial development?

school climate

Which has a greater effect on students' scholastic achievement: school size or class size?

school size

Although Sarah's parents divorced seven years ago, the counselor at school attributes Sarah's poor school performance and delinquent behavior to the divorce. This counselor is probably referring to...

sleeper effect of divorce

Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as:

social cognition

The growth of _____ during adolescence is directly related to an improved ability to think abstractly.

social cognition

Which of the following can delay the onset of puberty?

stress, nutritional deficiencies, excessive exercise

The extent to which students are psychologically committed to learning and mastering the material rather than simply completing the assigned work is called:

student engagement

The accentuation of differences between sexes during the social redefinition of adolescence occurs partly because of:

the physical changes of puberty, adult work roles are highly sex-differentiated, adult family roles are highly sex differentiated

At the time of peak height velocity, adolescents grow at about the same rate as:

toddlers

Alicia has trouble persisting at tasks and fears failure. Her grades are far lower than one would expect based on her intellectual ability. She is a(n):

underachiever

Age segregation in schools is the most efficient way to educate children in societies that are:

universalistic