Educ 104D: Arts and Human Development

By 1900, the style of choice among American painters was ... A) "impressionistic realism" B) post-impressionism" C) "impressionism" D) "realism"

A) "impressionistic realism"

The artistic movement that refused to paint moralistic or heroic models from the past--and instead directed their attention to people and events in the commonplace circumstances of their own time--was called ... A) "realism" B) "impressionism" C) "surrealism"

A) "realism"

Students in grades 3-5 remain in what Piaget called the "concrete operational" stage of cognitive development. At this age, a student is mature enough to use logical rules but can apply logic only to physical objects (hence the use of the term "concrete"). At this age, students typically have difficulty applying logic abstractly (without visible cues). Why does this make arts integration a valuable tool for teaching science concepts at these grade levels? A) Arts activities like drawing, painting, and dancing can provide children who are not yet abstract thinkers with concrete ways of envisioning phenomena that they cannot directly observe. B) Students at this age are easily able to imagine phenomena they have never seen after reading about them in a textbook.

A) Arts activities like drawing, painting, and dancing can provide children who are not yet abstract thinkers with concrete ways of envisioning phenomena that they cannot directly observe.

The book Chinese Cinderella: The True Story of an Unwanted Daughter introduces students to a real-life Cinderella story. It is the autobiography of Adeline Yen Mah, who grew up in China during World War II, when Japan controlled much of China's territory . This book looks at the development of an unwanted child who is able—without magic—to gain the strength, skill, and confidence to overcome difficult circumstances. Which of the following was NOT part of Adeline's story? A) As a child, Adeline feels lonely and neglected at home. She escapes through literature and becomes an outstanding student. This causes the attitude of her bossy stepmother to change, so that Adeline's relationship to her stepmother becomes warm and loving as time goes on. B) Adeline's father remarries and her ambitious stepmother becomes the dominant force in the home, giving her five stepchildren English names.

A) As a child, Adeline feels lonely and neglected at home. She escapes through literature and becomes an outstanding student. This causes the attitude of her bossy stepmother to change, so that Adeline's relationship to her stepmother becomes warm and loving as time goes on.

Tribes of the Sioux Nation (among other Plains Indians) maintained historical ... A) Documents composed of pictures that depicted a significant event from each year on a buffalo or deer skin. B). Documents composed of pictures and text in the Sioux language, which were kept in leather folders. C) Stories by memorizing them in the Sioux language as children.

A) Documents composed of pictures that depicted a significant event from each year on a buffalo or deer skin.

Canada is a large, diverse nation with many similarities to the United States. It has local school boards, no federal control over public schools and powerful teacher unions. Yet, Canadian students placed 3rd on the 2015 PISA reading test taken by students in 73 nations around the world, while the U.S. placed 24th. What aspect of the way reading is taught in U.S. versus Canada may have caused this difference in achievement? A) During the 1990s, literacy research led by Harvard professor Jean Chall gave rise in the U.S. to the oversimplified idea that in K-3, children are learning to read, whereas after grade 3 children are reading to learn. So, after 3rd grade, teachers turned their attention to other tasks. B) Canadian research has contradicted the assumption that that children should be simultaneously and continuously learning to read and reading to learn from preschool through middle school.

A) During the 1990s, literacy research led by Harvard professor Jean Chall gave rise in the U.S. to the oversimplified idea that in K-3, children are learning to read, whereas after grade 3 children are reading to learn. So, after 3rd grade, teachers turned their attention to other tasks.

In what way did the poet Longfellow simplify what happened during the real-life ride of Paul Revere? A) He gave Revere sole credit for the achievements of three riders. B) He changed the time of the ride from day to night in order to make it more suspenseful. C) Due to an unexpected thunder storm, no rider actually made it to Concord that day to warn the militia of the approaching British troops.

A) He gave Revere sole credit for the achievements of three riders.

When Adeline and her siblings lived with her grandfather YeYe in Tianjin, before the Japanese invasion forced the family to move to Shanghai, grandfather YeYe employed seven maids, a cook, a chauffeur, and a rickshaw puller. But, once they moved to Shanghai, the gentle YeYe had no money of his own. Although YeYe received outward respect from his son (Adeline's father) he received neither empathy nor concern. What happened to undermine YeYe's finances and his place in the family? A) In Tianjin, YeYe headed his family and was responsible for its well-being. After YeYe failed to foresee and prevent his son's attempt to grab control of the family's finances, the hierarchal sense of order that had served the family well in Tianjin fell apart. YeYe's five older grandchildren—along with his daughter Aunt Baba and YeYe himself—were miserable, Adeline most of all. B) When the family fled Tianjin, the Japanese ca

A) In Tianjin, YeYe headed his family and was responsible for its well-being. After YeYe failed to foresee and prevent his son's attempt to grab control of the family's finances, the hierarchal sense of order that had served the family well in Tianjin fell apart. YeYe's five older grandchildren—along with his daughter Aunt Baba and YeYe himself—were miserable, Adeline most of all.

"Color" is an element of visual art that can described in terms of two qualities. Which of the following is NOT one of these qualities? A) Lightness, the degree of light and dark in an image. B) Intensity, which describes the purity or strength of a color. C) Hue, which defines the name of the color, e.g. red, yellow, etc.

A) Lightness, the degree of light and dark in an image.

Graham Shaw, the cartoonist in the "How to draw to remember more" Ted Talk, talks about a study in which people were asked to remember 30 simple words. They were given 40 seconds per word and asked to either list all the words or draw a picture of each word. Later, when people wrote all words they could remember. A) People typically remembered twice as many words if they had drawn pictures of them. B) People remembered about the same number of words, whether they had written them or drawn pictures. C) People remembered better if they wrote words because of the time it took to draw pictures.

A) People typically remembered twice as many words if they had drawn pictures of them.

The Common Core standards in English language arts focus heavily on close reading and the asking of questions that elicit text-dependent responses. Students must cite evidence from the text to justify each observation they make about what they have read. However, students in grades 3-5 may still be struggling with decoding skills, making such analysis difficult. What arts-based strategy did the Getty Museum's Education Department design to help teachers with close reading instruction?

A) Teachers have their students practice analyzing visual art, using "close looking" instead of "close reading." When students first look at a painting, the teacher says, "What is going on the picture? When you answer, point to specific things we can see." Next, students are invited to focus on why the artist might have made specific choices so as to get a particular response from viewers. Last, the teacher asks students to describe their overall response to the painting. This prepares students for the 3-part analysis they will carry out in "close readings".

Science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke once noted that "any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." Like the technology of our own world, the magic in Harry Potter's world is treated as a tool that can be used for either good or evil, depending on the goals of the people using it. What role do the magical elements in the Harry Potter books play? A) The magical elements provide a fresh perspective. Fantasy fiction can feed students' imaginations and bring classroom discussion to life, helping students develop a sense of the complexity of human motivations. B) The magical elements can make school seem lifeless and predictable, causing the interest and motivation of student readers to diminish.

A) The magical elements provide a fresh perspective. Fantasy fiction can feed students' imaginations and bring classroom discussion to life, helping students develop a sense of the complexity of human motivations.

Many of the stories favored by children in the primary grades have a structure similar to traditional myths. The action unfolds according to the character of the hero, mentor and villain. This simplicity makes the story accessible to young children. But if more complex stories are not offered in the intermediate grades, children may get the idea that individuals are born either good or bad. How does the story of Harry Potter, a male version of Cinderella, help to correct this impression? A) The way the Harry Potter stories combine fairytale structure with character development provides plenty of room for discussion of how the characters' choices drive the plot. Each book traces the events of one school year and the development Harry achieved during this time B) As a boy, Harry is able to play sports and engage in activities that give him more opportunities to grow than Cinderella had C) As a boy, Harry

A) The way the Harry Potter stories combine fairytale structure with character development provides plenty of room for discussion of how the characters' choices drive the plot. Each book traces the events of one school year and the development Harry achieved during this time

Neuroscientist Daniel Levitin points out that social tension is the primary reason that nonhuman primates rarely travel in groups larger than a few dozen; their social order simply cannot be maintained in larger assemblies. How might humans have overcome this limitation on group size? A) Through synchronous, coordinated song and movement, strong bonds may have been created within human groups, eventually allowing for the formation of larger groups and the complex societies we have today. B) Through the dominance of a powerful leader who would not allow individuals beneath him in the hierarchy to fight and cause disorder in the group. C) Through imposing severe punishments for those who started fights and bullied others.

A) Through synchronous, coordinated song and movement, strong bonds may have been created within human groups, eventually allowing for the formation of larger groups and the complex societies we have today.

If we take information that we are trying to remember and turn that information into a picture that we draw on a page, ... A) We will be able to remember that information better. B) We won't remember the information any better than we could without the drawing. C) Our ability to remember the information will depend on our ability to draw.

A) We will be able to remember that information better.

A "Form" has three dimensions, height, width, and depth. Which of the following could NOT be called a "Form". A) a shape B) a sphere C) a cube

A) a shape

When children improvise scenes from stories, they ... A) immediately bring their own experiences to bear, helping them to understand the feelings of the characters. B) don't see the point of acting out a story they they have already read. C) see the scenes in the story the same way they do when they read the story.

A) immediately bring their own experiences to bear, helping them to understand the feelings of the characters.

The ancient Greek theaters were ... A) open air B) round buildings, with the audience on all sides C) underground

A) open air

With the growth of population of the early 1880s, Los Angeles began to attract professional artists. The 1890s saw the first encroachment of Impressionism in California. These painters ... A) preferred to sketch & paint outdoors B) the artificial light of the studio

A) preferred to sketch & paint outdoors

Verbal interactions in the classroom have waned because of ... A) pressure to prepare students for written tests. B) the influence of instructional technology. C) the diversity of the students in the classroom.

A) pressure to prepare students for written tests.

By integrating historical songs into the United States history curriculum, teachers can ... A) recreate the musical "soundtrack" of American history and help K-12 students feel a connection to the experiences of people who lived in an earlier era. B) make it unnecessary for their school to offer separate music classes. C) make social studies the favorite subject of a majority of students.

A) recreate the musical "soundtrack" of American history and help K-12 students feel a connection to the experiences of people who lived in an earlier era.

The cumulative result of a systematic study of light and color, coupled with a rising interest in scientific observation and a preference among artists for painting outdoors, led to ... A) representing the effect of light in terms of an optical stimulus/response sensation that gave rise to impressionism. B) an attempt to capture or duplicate the true, natural representation of light.

A) representing the effect of light in terms of an optical stimulus/response sensation that gave rise to impressionism.

Which of the following is NOT an element of visual art? A) rhythm B) value C) form D) color

A) rhythm

When children work with teaching artists who can make scientific concepts concrete in the classroom, they tend to have a "wide awake" quality that differs from their attitude toward a lesson in which they are expected to understand science concepts the same way that adult scientists do. The Next Generation Science Standards build on this phenomena by encouraging teachers to ... A) start with children's curiosity, then help them to build and revise their current knowledge and skills. B) to use videos to catch children's attention and show how adults scientist develop new ideas.

A) start with children's curiosity, then help them to build and revise their current knowledge and skills.

Which of the following is true of the actors in ancient Greek tragedy? A) the actors were all men B) the actors wore masks C) the actors included men & women

A) the actors were all men

Child puppeteers often wear black shirts and black gloves when manipulating their puppets on-stage because ... A) the audience sees the puppet and doesn't notice the puppeteer when the puppeteer is wearing black. B) this makes them feel more like a team. C) black clothing helps audience members to pick out the puppeteers.

A) the audience sees the puppet and doesn't notice the puppeteer when the puppeteer is wearing black.

A line can be defined as a path made by a moving point or as a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can be thick or thin -- or actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, or diagonal. Which of the following could NOT be called a line? A) The edge of a shape or form B) A shade or highlight C) An outline or a silhouette

B) A shade or highlight

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of puppet theater? A) Any student can play any part; it does not matter what size, age, gender, ethnicity one is. B) A shy child cannot portray a bold, brash character; a child who has difficulty keeping still in class is unable to manipulate a puppet to portray a slow-moving, timid creature. C) The child puppeteer is able to try out different roles, metaphorically learning what it is like to walk in another's shoes.

B) A shy child cannot portray a bold, brash character; a child who has difficulty keeping still in class is unable to manipulate a puppet to portray a slow-moving, timid creature.

The original Chinese version of the Cinderella story, the Tale of Yeh-Xian, was written almost 1,000 years before the first European versions of the Cinderella story appeared (at a time when trade with China was increasing). Like the western Cinderella, the Tale of Yeh-Xian involved an elegant pair of shoes and ended with marriage to a powerful man. However, in the modern novel Chinese Cinderella, Adeline's happy ending was different. What constituted Adeline's happy ending? A) Adeline left home and moved in with her loving Aunt Baba (who had taken care of Adeline as a child). B) Adeline achieved her goal of attending a university in England. C) Adeline's school friend, Wu Chun-mei, invited Adeline to move in with her warm and loving family in Shanghai. D) Adeline, her siblings and grandfather went back to their hometown of Tianjin after the war.

B) Adeline achieved her goal of attending a university in England.

The fiddle, banjo and guitar found in most country music bands originally came from ... A) Australia, Europe and South America. B) Asia, Africa and Europe. C) South America, Asia and Africa.

B) Asia, Africa and Europe.

In earlier historical eras, when people could not simply hire a construction company to build a house or a barn, the whole community would come together for events like a "barn raising". How might a 5th grade teacher recreate the sense of close collaboration associated with a "barn raising"? A) By showing students a video of a barn-raising carried out by a rural Amish community. B) By using color-coded sets of handbells to play melodies, with each student responsible for a particular note, students are able to experience what it is like to participate in a complex—yet satisfying—group activity. C) By having students study the blueprints for a barn like the ones used on the American frontier.

B) By using color-coded sets of handbells to play melodies, with each student responsible for a particular note, students are able to experience what it is like to participate in a complex—yet satisfying—group activity.

If children can sound out the words in a sentence, it is clear that they understand that sentence. A) True B) False

B) False Children can focus so strongly on sounding out words that they forget the first words of sentence before getting to end of sentence.

Many teachers in the elementary grades have received little training in encouraging meaningful verbal interactions in the classroom. A) True B) False

B) False The strong focus on standardized testing in recent years has caused teacher preparation programs to emphasize reading and writing skills that are targeted by standardized tests, while reducing the time spent on speaking and listening skills.

Greek comedies were about characters who were ... A) Wealthy, lovely to look at B) Poor, rather ugly C) Satyrs, half-man/half-goat

B) Poor, rather ugly

How do consultants hired to help boost the standardized test scores of students in struggling schools often undermine the accuracy of the test results? A) Consultants may provide teachers and students with subtle ways to cheat on the tests. B) The consultants analyze the tests to see what questions were asked, then coach teachers on what parts of the curriculum to focus on and what they can skip without hurting students' test results. C) The consultants hold coaching sessions before students take the tests and promise treats and rewards if the students do well on the tests.

B) The consultants analyze the tests to see what questions were asked, then coach teachers on what parts of the curriculum to focus on and what they can skip without hurting students' test results.

In Western culture, many children learn the letters of the alphabet as a song, set to the melody of "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star". Even as adults, we may remember the months with 30 days by repeating the rhyme "Thirty days has September...." Such "knowledge songs" are ... A) a fun way for children to learn how to count. B) a remnant of what was, for preliterate societies, a critical method of remembering and passing on knowledge.

B) a remnant of what was, for preliterate societies, a critical method of remembering and passing on knowledge.

Children's ability to mentally picture a situation--whether encountered through art (for example, as part of a story) or in real life--enables them to ... A) avoid getting caught in that situation if they desire to do so. B) create a vivid mental representation that they will be able to remember. C) decide whether what someone says about that situation is true or false.

B) create a vivid mental representation that they will be able to remember.

For children who speak a language other than English at home to learn to read and write in English, they must first learn ... A) the most frequently used words in English language textbooks. B) oral English. C) how to sound out English words.

B) oral English.

The term "Plein-Air" painting comes from ... A) the colorful sunsets found in many landscape paintings. B) the French term for "in the open air". C) the bright patches of color in many 19th century French paintings of social occasions. D) The hazy skies in many paintings of the seacoast.

B) the French term for "in the open air".

A forceful characteristic of American art has always been ... A) a strong interest in fantasy and imaginative imagery B) the desire for realistic portrayal of forms. C) use of delicate color and subdued tones.

B) the desire for realistic portrayal of forms.

Which was not one of the great tragic Greek playwrights? A) Aeschylus B) Euripides C) Aristophanes D) Sophocles

C) Aristophanes

The context for putting on ancient Greek theater productions was ... A) New Year Festival B) Midsummer Festival C) Festival of Dionysus

C) Festival of Dionysus

In what respect do standardized tests resemble political polls? A) Just as pollsters telephone most of the voters in a specific political race, standardized tests cover most of the important aspects of the target subject area. B) Just as pollsters ask different voters differing questions, standardized tests give different students differing problems to solve. C) Just as pollsters survey a small number of potential voters who are chosen to be representative of the voting public, standardized tests are made up of a limited number of questions chosen to estimate students' mastery of a large area of the curriculum.

C) Just as pollsters survey a small number of potential voters who are chosen to be representative of the voting public, standardized tests are made up of a limited number of questions chosen to estimate students' mastery of a large area of the curriculum.

When imagining the hopes and fears of famished goats trying to cross a bridge guarded by a hungry troll -- or of three little pigs trying to escape a big, bad wolf -- A) children are limited by their ability to express themselves in correct English sentences. B) children find it difficult to relate to the plot of fairy tales from outside their home culture. C) children can bring to bear their life experiences and their abilities, no matter what their level of facility with oral English.

C) children can bring to bear their life experiences and their abilities, no matter what their level of facility with oral English.

From Colonial times, American art had been governed by special circumstances unique to this land. America's democratic tendencies were powerful factors that led to ... A) a strident political tone in much modern American art. B) a preference for battle scenes. C) popularization of landscape painting as the ideal vehicle for expressing the American spirit, as it afforded an understanding of spirituality that disavowed religious patronage.

C) popularization of landscape painting as the ideal vehicle for expressing the American spirit, as it afforded an understanding of spirituality that disavowed religious patronage.

The flowering of Impressionism in Southern California has been attributed to ... A) the naturalistic tradition of painting that had grown up in Spanish California. B) the lively, bustling urban ambience of Los Angeles. C) the desirability of the Southern California climate, with its generous number of sunny days.

C) the desirability of the Southern California climate, with its generous number of sunny days.

When children feed a make-believe situation into their own knowledge base, ... A) they struggle to understand the relationship between events in the story and what the characters do. B) the decontextualized language on the page interferes with comprehension of what is going on in the story. C) they arrive at feelings and utterances appropriate for playing the role of a character in that story.

C) they arrive at feelings and utterances appropriate for playing the role of a character in that story.

Leo Tolstoy, who is considered to be one of the world's greatest authors, argued that great art has a contagious quality that makes it accessible to every person. He argued that the power of a work of art lay in its ability to... A) inspire diverse reactions in different people. B) inspire patriotism. C) unite people with the same feeling.

C) unite people with the same feeling.

Well-designed arts integration lessons in science provide students in grades 3-5 with experiences that enable them to reach developmentally appropriate, evidence-based conclusions. A lesson described in the text was designed to deepen student understanding of how the time of day is related to the rotation of Earth and the position of the Sun at specific times of the day. What did students do in this lesson?

Children in a 3rd grade class stand an arm's length apart, each pretending to be the Earth. They follow their teacher in rotating slowly, in a counterclockwise direction, to slow music. When the children directly face the yellow paper "Sun," at the front of the room, the teacher pauses the music and asks, "If you were on the surface of the Earth, looking up at the sun directly overhead, what time would it be?" The children seem unsure and she reminds them that, when the sun is directly above, it is noon. The music starts again and they again rotate slowly. When they are facing away from the Sun, the teacher asks "What time is in now?" "Midnight!" They rotate, then pause facing half-way between midnight and noon. "Dawn!"

Texture is the surface quality of an object that we sense through touch. It can be real or implied by different uses of art media. Which of the following is NOT an adjective that would be used to describe texture? A) smooth B) rough C) hard D) bright

D) bright

Beauty, in the sense that will be discussed here, does not mean "pleasantly attractive." Instead, it refers to a thing that seems perfect in its own way, both externally and internally. What are the four stages that are part of the experience of beauty?

MINE: 1.) The Arresting of Attention. You slow down to saturate yourself in a particular phenomenon. 2.) A Thrill of Pleasure. An unusual thrill that seems disproportionate to the item's importance to us. Both physical and mental, yet disinterested-- we don't want the object, just to be in its presence. 3.) A Heightened Perception of the Shape or Meaning of Things. The thrill of looking beyond our normal sense of the world and seeing some aspect of creation. 4.) The Moment Vanishes. We go from joyful elevation and sink back into the commonplace. The nature of our experience changes. We still remember the intensity, but it's gone. ANSWER: 1) the arresting of our attention; 2) a thrill of pleasure, with the disinterested quality of simply wanting to be in the presence of beauty; 3) a heightened perception of the deeper meaning of things; 4) the vanishing of this joyful moment of elevation as we sink back into the commonplace, so that we retain the memory but the experience is gone.

What three things do the world's high-performing educational systems do?

MINE: 1.) They individualize teaching and learning. They recognize that they must actively engage the students, sparking their curiosity and letting their individuality and creativity shine. 2.) They attribute very high status to the teaching profession. Without great teachers, there will not be great education. 3.) Devolve responsibility to the school level for getting the job done. ANSWER: First, these systems individualize teaching and learning, realizing that it is the students who are learning and that the system has to engage their curiosity, their individuality and their creativity. Second, these systems give high status to the teaching profession, realizing that you can't improve education if you don't get great people to teach and give them the tools they need to succeed. Third, the government does not closely regulate what the teachers do. Teachers are responsible for instructional decisions. When teachers are not given discretion to adjust instruction to the students' needs, the system stops working.

Aristotle believed that people learn to be virtuous by consistently ...

MINE: ... doing a virtuous thing over and over until it becomes part of your character.

For Aristotle, "virtue" might be defined as ...

MINE: ... focusing on being a good person, as the right actions will follow effortlessly. That being virtuous is a natural desire built into us. It means doing the right thing, at the right time, in the right way, in the right amount, toward the right people. According to Aristotle, if you have virtue, you always know the right thing to do.

In talking about the contributions that people in England and elsewhere made to the welfare of people they had never met, J.K. Rowling says that human beings are the only creatures who can...

MINE: ... learn and understand without having experienced. They can think themselves into other people's places

Aristotle considered virtue to be a type of skill or practical wisdom. In contemporary culture, it might be compared to ...

MINE: ... street smarts. You learn it through experience.

What is a unison chant?

MINE: A unison chant is a meandering tune sung by musical monks that has no accompaniment, no discernible rhythm, and no harmonizing. The monks are simply singing together in unison. ANSWER: In a unison chant, also known as the Gregorian chant mainly used in Christian worship, people sing together while chanting.

We are physical beings living in a material world. What does beauty have to do with the language of business, science and politics or with the abstract numbers and ideas that have, in recent years, transformed our world?

MINE: Beauty has to do with these concepts because none of them are universal languages. Most of the world understands things not as concepts or numbers, but instead as totalities. As incarnate beings, we perceive holistically, with emotions, senses, memory, etc. We most characteristically perceive embodied truths, instinctively seeking beauty and not logic. Those who have made an impact on the world have often done so by embodying their messages through such things as songs, poems, and images. ANSWER: Such abstract means of communication are not universal. Humans beings evolved to seek tangible truths, rather than abstractions. Therefore, we are most drawn to people who embody their message in stories, songs, poems, images and symbols.

The poet John Keats asserted that "Truth is beauty; beauty, truth." For beauty has the potential to lead us from pleasure to knowledge by expanding and refining our emotional and cognitive powers. What brings this about?

MINE: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and the beholder looks into the eye of the existence. If beauty addresses our hightest level of understanding of why we exist, then art is the universal means for humanity of awakening and refining this cognitive power. ANSWER: Unlike philosophy or science, art and the beauty of nature have the potential to speak to the fullness of our humanity, expanding our view of what could be possible via our search for personal & universal meaning.

Butler Elementary is a bucket-filling school. What does that mean?

MINE: Butler Elementary being a bucket-filling school means other than just focusing on basic education subjects, they focus on teaching the children attending how to be considerate and caring human beings. The philosophy is based on how everyone has an invisible bucket-- it's everyone's job to make sure their bucket and others' buckets stay full. Buckets are filled with kind actions and good deeds and by feeling good about yourself! They also teach what bucket-dipping is, which means dipping into others' buckets by being disrespectful and mean, which will also drain your bucket. You can't fill your bucket by dipping into someone else's, but you can fill your bucket by filling someone else's! ANSWER: The philosophy of a bucket-filling school is that everyone has an invisible bucket and their job is to make sure that they are filling our buckets with kind actions and deeds. If someone is dipping into your bucket, you put your lid on top. Also, you try not to be a bucket-dipper: not to do ugly things or hurtful things to others.

Butler Elementary uses conscious discipline. What is that?

MINE: Conscious discipline is a method that teaches children social-emotional skills. They learn to self-regulate to take care of themselves when they become stressed or are in distress. ANSWER: Conscious discipline is a way to allow school children to self-regulate, to realize when they are under stress in their family or at school. They can feel their heartbeat and their breathing change, and they can do something about it. They can keep telling themselves, over and over, "I'm safe. I can handle this. Breathe!" This helps them to calm down.

How did Einstein's thought experiments demonstrate the crucial role that visual images can play in helping people to understand the laws of nature?

MINE: Einstein's thought experiments demonstrated this because he was able to visually imagine the problems he was facing. By doing so, he was able to envision the solutions to these problems as if he were truly seeing and experiencing them. He was able to build mental representations. Humans process concepts better through visual means rather than through mere words, and Einstein was an example of that.

What was Guido of Arezzo's contribution to music?

MINE: Guido Arezzo's contribution to music was creating a new way for music to be memorized through notes with squiggle lines. It allowed you to write whether a note went up or down, etc. However, the flaw with this was that it could only help you memorize a tune you already know-- it couldn't teach new tunes. The lines and blobs he created were significant, allowing music to finally be fixed to a page. ANSWER: Guido of Arezzo created a system of musical notation that enabled musicians to play tunes they had not heard.

When the U.S. was a smaller, poorer country, its public buildings expressed the aspirations of the nation. Depression-era post offices had marble floors, carved wooden counters, brass fixtures, and, often, an original mural. This tradition grew out of a vision of beauty and community that any citizen who entered the building could participate in. However, today's post offices—all vinyl and plexiglass—only offer expediency. Yet, Dana Gioia argues that humans beings still hunger for beauty. Without it, we feel a void. Why do you think that is?

MINE: I believe human beings still hunger for beauty because of that mentioned harmony that comes from experiencing beauty. We long to feel some sort of connection, whether with the universe or the people surrounding us. After all, humans are social creatures and we can't help but to crave that unmistakable bond of existence. Furthermore, we find deeper meaning in beauty and possibly relate to everything around us. We begin to feel detached from the world and society around us with no beauty to search for and thus find. ANSWER: People still yearn for beauty and a sense of belonging. But, when society fails to address this yearning--focusing only on expediency--citizens tend to become detached and retreat into a private world.

How does arts integration expand student understanding?

MINE: It expands student understanding by creating a connection between two different subjects. By engaging in the performing arts to understand a concept, a student will additionally gain understanding of the arts as well. ANSWER: ´Insights derived through language & the arts interact, providing a more detailed and complete picture of the world. This enables students to (1) understand what may be hard to observe with the senses and (2) express through visual means what they may find difficult to put into words.

What does the video "The Social Classroom" say about how the way a teacher sets up seats in the classroom can affect student learning?

MINE: It was -- and still is -- very common for teachers to set up all seats facing the front of the classroom and thus the teacher. It sets the idea that students are the vessels and are simply having information poured into them. However, in order to make learning more interactive, kids should actually face each other in seating arrangements like circles and U-shapes. When they work together and have easy access to each other, it creates a more successful and enjoyable classroom.

What does Sir Ken say currently stands in the way of student learning in schools?

MINE: One of the things that Sir Ken states as standing in the way of student learning is the undermining of their curiosity. Instead of allowing and encouraging them to engage in their curiosity, we have built a culture of compliance. Furthermore, teachers are also not encouraged to focus on teaching rather than testing. The entire education system focuses on the wrong things, keeping children from learning in the ways that would be best for them. ANSWER: Schools have developed a culture of compliance that undercuts students' curiosity. Students are supposed to supply the right answers to questions, as opposed to following their natural urge to explore the world and try to understand it.

How might a teacher use conscious discipline to help a student regain control?

MINE: One way that teachers used conscious discipline to help that was shown in the video was by instructing children to control their breathing through deep and rhythmic patterns. They would remind the child that they're in a safe environment and then make sure the child can reassure themselves of that. ANSWER: The teacher helps the student feel like they are in a family environment at school. When children lose control, teachers actually talk about what what is happening in their brain, then help them to get from the emotional state to the executive state, which is where they can solve problems.

The philosopher Schopenhauer compared humans to porcupines who were outside on a cold night. They huddled together to get warm, but then they pricked each other with their sharp spines. So, they retreat from close contact. But then they become cold and huddle together again. Then they prick each other again and retreat. What did Schopenhauer think was wisest choice for individual porcupines to make?

MINE: Schopenhauer believed that the wisest choice for individual porcupines was to find a middle ground. You get close enough for a little warmth but stay far enough that the pricking is still bearable.

To what does Sir Ken attribute the steep rise in the number of children diagnosed with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in recent years?

MINE: Sir Ken attributes the steep rise to the fact that kids are expected to sit down and stay still for hours while simply doing mediocre work. They should instead have a broad curriculum that focuses on their talents and actively engages them with purpose. ANSWER: Too many of the assignments that children are asked to do in school resemble low-grade clerical work. Preparation for standardized tests demands that teachers drill students on a narrow range of skills. Students get bored and start to fidget instead of paying attention. The school then assumes that there is something the matter with the students.

What does Sir Ken believe caused the failure of standardized testing to improve education?

MINE: Sir Ken believes standardized testing failed because it moved the focus from learning and teaching to testing instead of being used as support. They shouldn't be the dominant culture of education-- they should just be diagnostic. ANSWER: Human beings are naturally different and diverse, but standardized testing focuses on a very narrow spectrum of knowledge and skills. An adequate curriculum has to focus on a much broader range of knowledge and skills. This makes it possible for society to build on the strengths of all students. As things stand, many students feel bored and frustrated--not motivated--in school.

Why does Sir Ken think the United States has been unable to raise student achievement, despite the large investments that the U.S. has made in school reform?

MINE: Sir Ken believes that the United States has been unable to raise student achievement because it treats education like an industrial process. Their conceptions of education are like those for a machine. The idea of policymakers for education is that if you simply add the right data and fine-tune a few things, it will simply hum along correctly. However, this could never work because education is a human system. It relies entirely on whether people want to learn, and we must figure out how to support them while getting them back into education because it lies in their backstories. ANSWER: The attitude of U.S. policymakers seems to be that schools are like machines. If you have the right data and everything is adjusted just right, the system will hum along perfectly into the future. But it is the students who either put effort into learning or do not--for reasons rooted in each students' life story. In education, as in the medical profession, each individual's unique needs must be addressed if that individual is to thrive. That means individualizing education at the school level.

How does the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington DC define "arts integration"?

MINE: The Kennedy Center defines it as a method of teaching in which students learn and process concepts through an art form. ANSWER: Arts integration is an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process which connects an art form to another subject area and meets evolving objectives in both.

How does Sir Ken explain the unusual success of Finland on the international PISA test?

MINE: The first thing he mentions to explain their unusual success on the PISA test is their broad approach to education which includes humanities, physical education, and the arts. Secondly, standardized testing is not a thing in Finland. Thirdly, instead of having student drop out, they quickly reach them to support them in continuing their education. ANSWER: There is also very little standardized testing in Finland. Also, Finnish schools have a broader curriculum than U.S. schools, which focus disproportionately on language arts and math. This helps Finnish students on the PISA test, which requires independent thinking.

What does the video "Simple Words to Avoid Power Struggles" say about why the frequent use of "No!" and "Don't" commands by parents tends to be ineffective in teaching children self-discipline within the home?

MINE: The frequent use of these words and negative commands tends to be ineffective in teaching self-discipline because of their inherent pitfalls. They're especially confusing for young children, so we should instead tell them what we want them to do. Furthermore, it reinforces the negative behavior. With a negative command, they're simply reminded of the action and will want to do it more. Negative commands also come off as discouraging.

In 1450, the printing press was invented. Why is this important to Music History?

MINE: The invention of the printing press was important to Music History because it greatly improved the preservation of music. Furthermore, with this being possible, composers were then able to create more complicated pieces. Now that music was being printed, musical works could travel further and faster. ANSWER: The printing press allowed for music to be more easily preserved and distributed.

In the early grades, children learn how to compare and contrast, explaining how two concepts or situations are alike or different. This can be difficult for children with a limited vocabulary. How might visual art make such lessons more accessible for diverse learners?

MINE: The usage of visual images will make verbal explanations easier to understand. Comparison and contrast explain fundamental binary oppositions-- however, this can also be done through pictures such as showing pictures of the ocean versus the land. Furthermore, teachers can use visual aids (such as picture books) to encourage children to focus on details, elaborate, and think deeper. ANSWER: In the early grades, comparing and contrasting often involves exploring fundamental binary oppositions (shy/outgoing, old/young). Portraying binary oppositions through images (entrance/exit, up/down, ocean/land, day/night) can be an effective strategy. Mentioning examples of binary opposites when the teacher is reading a story aloud also encourages children to think more deeply about what they have heard.

What argument does the video "Masters of Social Learning" make regarding the advantage of asking students to work together on projects in small groups?

MINE: The video discusses the advantage of working face-to-face with fellow students as it improves their learning experience. The interactions that the students have with each other allow their brains to thrive off of these and teach them how to work well with others in the future.

During her early 20s, J.K. Rowling worked in the African Research Department at the Headquarters of Amnesty International in London. While she was there, she experienced many things that later influenced her books about Harry Potter. Describe one of the stories she tells about her experiences. (25 words)

MINE: There was an African torture victim who became mentally ill after, and yet he was still the one to take her hand and wish her future happiness.

The perception that beauty provides us with insight into a grander order—the deeper nature of reality—prevailed in Western civilization for most of the last 2000 years. The cosmos was seen as intrinsically beautiful. What did it mean to people in earlier centuries when they recognized that they were in the presence of beauty?

MINE: To people in earlier centuries, recognizing they were in the presence of beauty meant understanding the connection with the universe, with Harmonia Mundia (the harmony of creation). It was a powerful way of knowing the world. ANSWER: They became momentarily aware of their connection to the Harmonia Mundi, the essential harmony of creation. Traditionally, this perception has had religious connotations. Yet, if one takes God out of the equation and substitutes modern physics or biology, they will experience much the same phenomena.

What did troubadors do?

MINE: Troubadors were traveling singer-songwriters who usually accompanied themselves on the early instruments available. Hundreds of them did this across Europe. ANSWER: Troubadors were traveling singers and songwriters in medieval France, who accompanied themselves on early instruments as they sang on the theme of courtly love.

Why don't we know what the music of ancient Greece sounded like?

MINE: We don't know what the music of ancient Greece sounded like because they couldn't write their music down like we do with sheet music today. It disappeared completely without any way of recording their music. ANSWER: We don't know what the music of ancient Greece sounded like because there was no system of musical notation at the time. )ver time, all of the music of ancient Greece has been lost.

The Visual Thinking Strategies technique uses details of artworks to enhance student understanding through discussion and nurture their verbal language skills. First the teacher selects an interesting painting or picture and shows it to the class. Then, students are asked to "Please look at the picture silently for a minute and think about what you see. What's going on in the picture?" After a minute, the teacher asks student volunteers to tell the class: "What do you see in the picture?" What role does the teacher play once the discussion begins?

MINE: When a student offers a descriptive statement, the teacher asks for more information, for example: "You said the picture looks old. What makes you say that?" The teacher then summarizes, without adding information. Next the teacher asks, "What more can we find?" The discussion goes on until the students have shared all they can about the picture. ANSWER: When a student offers a descriptive statement, the teacher asks for more information, for example: "You said the picture looks old. What makes you say that?" The teacher then summarizes, without adding information. Next the teacher asks, "What more can we find?" The discussion goes on until the students have shared all they can about the picture.

When students listen to a story or read aloud in a group, they may become so focused on what the characters are doing at the moment that they lose comprehension of the overall plot. What can teachers do to provide extra support for students in comprehending a complex narrative?

MINE: When this happens, teachers should provide alternate ways to help students understand said complex narrative. One of these ways is guiding the students to re-create a plot through storyboard summarization. Another way to do this is by offering stories through both text and images, as it allows for both entertainment and information.

When choosing an action, the midpoint between doing too much and too little is known as ...

MINE: the golden mean (which is also virtue). As an example, courage would be the golden mean between the deficiency of cowardice and the excess of recklessness.

WEEK 5

QUIZ: Academic Paintings vs Impressionism

WEEK 1

QUIZ: Arts Integration, chapter 1

WEEK 3: TURNING EXPERIENCES & MEMORIES INTO STORIES

QUIZ: Arts Integration, chapter 3

WEEK 4

QUIZ: Arts Integration, chapter 4

WEEK 5: CLAYMATION & CLASSIC VIEWS OF BEAUTY

QUIZ: Arts Integration, chapter 5

WEEK 2: HOW STORIES ENHANCE SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL & LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

QUIZ: Classroom drama & Social-Emotional Learning

WEEK 4: IMPACT OF COLOR ON OUR PERCEPTIONS

QUIZ: Elements of Visual Art

WEEK 3

QUIZ: Greek Theater

WEEK 2

QUIZ: Hedgehog's Dilemma & Aristotle's Virtue Theory

WEEK 5

QUIZ: Humorous TED Talk by Sir Ken Robinson

WEEK 3

QUIZ: Recollections of J.K. Rowling

WEEK 6: ROLES OF MELODY, RHYTHM & MUSICAL NOTATION

QUIZ: Story of Music in the Age of Discovery

WEEK 5

QUIZ: Why Beauty Matters

WEEK 1: Intro

QUIZ: Winter Counts & Drawing