EGEE 101 Exam 2

Match each fuel with its associated air pollutants.

1. Coal- Ash, particulates, Sulfur Oxides, mercury, carbon monoxide 2. Natural gas- Nitrogen Oxides 3. Petroleum- Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

All of the oil in a reservoir can be recovered. A) True B) False

B) False

Which fossil fuel generally delivers the most heat per dollar? A) Natural gas B) Nuclear C) Hydropower D) Petroleum E) Coal

E) Coal

Which of the following properties is not measured during Proximate analysis of coal? A) Density B) Moisture C) Volatile matter D) Ash

A) Density

Which hydrocarbons have straight or branched chains of carbon atoms? A) Paraffins B) Cycloparaffins C) Aromatics D) None of the above

A) Paraffins

Which of the following properties are not used in ranking of coal? A) Porosity B) Calorific value C) Volatile matter content D) None of the above

A) Porosity

34. Which of the following recovery methods takes advantage of significant oil pressure in the reservoir? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary

A) Primary

Which place converts crude oil into useful products such as gasoline, fuel oil, waxes or asphalt? A) Refinery B) Drilling Rig C) Reservoir D) Mine

A) Refinery

Carbonization is the process of heating coal in the absence of air to produce coke. A) True B) False

A) True

Central distribution uses coal, nuclear, hydropower or gas powered plants to generate and transmit electricity over long distances. A) True B) False

A) True

Coal provides nearly half of the electricity needed to run the servers for Facebook, Twitter, cable, texting and Google. A) True B) False

A) True

Coal use is in a steady decline worldwide. The future belongs to oil and natural gas. A) True B) False

A) True

Distributed generation reduces the amount of energy lost in transmitting electricity, as electricity is produced very near to the place where it is used. A) True B) False

A) True

Dry Ash Free is the term for coal once the ash and moisture has been subtracted. A) True B) False

A) True

Economic feasibility and geological assurances are two important variables that differentiate resources and reserves. A) True B) False

A) True

Electric current is a measure of flow of electric charge. A) True B) False

A) True

Electrical energy is measured in terms of KWh A) True B) False

A) True

Electricity can be generated using a magnetic field. A) True B) False

A) True

Flash point is the temperature at which the oil starts to ignite. A) True B) False

A) True

In a fluidized bed combustion, fine coal particles are "fluidized" and burnt using a jet of hot air. A) True B) False

A) True

In a nuclear power plant, nuclear reactions are used for converting water into steam. A) True B) False

A) True

Larger molecules tend to have a higher boiling point. A) True B) False

A) True

Lignite is the youngest ranked coal. A) True B) False

A) True

Smaller molecules tend to have lower viscosity A) True B) False

A) True

Surface mining requires the removal of top soil and layers of rock to expose beds of coal. A) True B) False

A) True

The United states consumes double the amount of oil that it produces. A) True B) False

A) True

Viscosity, density and odor are properties that are all related to the geological history of crude oil. A) True B) False

A) True

In a DAF basis analysis, which of the following properties are excluded A) Moisture and volatile matter B) Ash and moisture C) Moisture and carbon D) Ash and carbon

B) Ash and moisture

A standard steam power plant is more efficient than Cogeneration. A) True B) False

B) False

In the US, coal is primarily used for carbonization. A) True B) False

B) False

Low and medium rank coals are ranked on the basis of volatile matter content. A) True B) False

B) False

Most of the natural gas reserves in the world are located in United States. A) True B) False

B) False

The following coal types are in order from low grade to high grade: anthracite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, lignite. A) True B) False

B) False

Today, the biggest use of coal is as a transportation fuel. A) True B) False

B) False

United States has large crude oil reserves. A) True B) False

B) False

If a cycloparaffin compound has six carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule? A) 8 B) 10 C) 12 D) 14

C) 12

Which one of the following has the highest heating value per pound? A) Coal B) Oil C) Natural gas

C) Natural gas

Electric power is measured as A) Velocity multiplied by time B) Velocity multiplied by current C) Voltage multiplied by current D) None of the above

C) Voltage multiplied by current

Which of the following contributes to the formation of kerogen? A) Algae B) Micro-organisms C) Trees D) All of the above

D) All of the above

The formula for paraffin cyclohexane is A) C6H6 B) C6H10 C) C6H12 D) C6H14

D) C6H14

Coal use provided which of these to modern civilization? A) Fast, dependable ocean shipping B) Inexpensive, dependable electricity for all C) Steel, high-rise buildings, and modern cities D) Railroads E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Rank the following by their power output, from highest to lowest.

1. Boeing 777 jet engine at full throttle (75 Megawatts) (highest) 2. Central Pennsylvania gasoline station in problem 1 (38 Megawatts) 3. Electrical power production of the country of Togo in West Africa (10 MW) 4. Diesel railroad locomotive (3 MW)

Rank the three fossil fuels in order based on the amount of pollution they produce per pound of fuel burned.

1. Coal 2. Petroleum 3. Natural Gas

Match the fossil fuels with their projected lifetimes at current rates of consumption and prices

1. Coal- 150 years 2. Natural gas- 60 years 3. Petroleum- 40 years

This convenience store and filling station supplies 25000 gallons of gasoline per day to central Pennsylvania residents. How many watts of chemical energy is this station putting out over the course of the day? Each gallon of gasoline contains 125,000 BTUs, each BTU/minute equals 17.58 watts.

38,151,041.7 watts

How many hydrogen atoms are present in coal for one carbon atom? A) 0.8 B) 2 C) 4 D) 15

A) 0.8

Approximately, what percentage of world coal reserves does United States possess? A) 25% B) 40% C) 10% D) 60%

A) 25%

The performance of gasoline with octane number 87 is similar to the performance of a fuel containing A) 87% octane 13% heptane B) 13% octane C) 87% heptane D) 13% octane 87% heptane

A) 87% octane 13% heptane

Based on what property does the distillation column separate crude oil into different fractions? A) Boiling point B) Melting point C) Viscosity D) Porosity

A) Boiling point

What is the separation of materials based on differences in the volatility called? A) Distillation B) Cracking C) Coking D) Reforming

A) Distillation

Which of the following processes change the shape of a molecule? A) Reforming B) Cracking C) Distillation D) Coking

A) Reforming

100 years ago, coal was by far the dominant energy source world-wide. A) True B) False

A) True

37. Heating value of coal increases with increase in the rank of coal A) True B) False

A) True

A Cogeneration power plant generates both electric power and useful thermal energy from the same fuel source. A) True B) False

A) True

A generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A) True B) False

A) True

A petroleum refinery converts crude oil into marketable products by distilling it into its separate components, cracking the larger molecules into lighter, more useful compounds, and by reforming various components into desired new compounds. A) True B) False

A) True

A step down transformer is used to decrease high voltage from transmission lines to low voltage (110V) so it can be distributed to homes and businesses. A) True B) False

A) True

Abandoned coal mines are among the largest sources of water pollution in the state of Pennsylvania. A) True B) False

A) True

Carbohydrates or hydrocarbons are materials made primarily of hydrogen and carbon atoms. A) True B) False

A) True

Conventional oil deposits are locations where liquid hydrocarbons have been trapped on their way to the surface, filling the cracks and crevices in the rocks. A) True B) False

A) True

Fossil fuels are ancient plants and microbes that have escaped the normal complete decay process. A) True B) False

A) True

Fossil fuels are formed due to the interruption of the decay process in the carbon cycle. A) True B) False

A) True

Generally speaking - world-wide - a coal burning power plant is the cheapest way to produce electricity. A) True B) False

A) True

High voltage transmission lines are used to carry electricity over long distances. A) True B) False

A) True

Hydrogen content in petroleum is far greater than in coal. A) True B) False

A) True

In deep mining, coal seams are buried several hundred feet to 1000 ft. deep under the ground. A) True B) False

A) True

Kerogens are produced from algae, planktons and higher plants with the help of decomposition by bacteria. A) True B) False

A) True

Large sized coal pieces can be used during the Stoker combustion process. A) True B) False

A) True

Mountaintop removal mining is a classic style of deep mining that is largely obsolete today. A) True B) False

A) True

Much of the world's petroleum production is used not for energy or fuels but as the feedstock for the chemicals industry to make a wide variety of products, especially plastics. A) True B) False

A) True

One barrel of oil (42 gallons) produces more than a barrel of products. A) True B) False

A) True

Petroleum contains lesser amount of oxygen atoms than coal does. A) True B) False

A) True

Pour point is the temperature at which the oil starts to flow. A) True B) False

A) True

Production of petroleum in the United States peaked around 1965-1970. A) True B) False

A) True

The starting point of the formation of fossil fuels is the transformation of decaying organic matter to kerogen. A) True B) False

A) True

There is 10-20 times more petroleum still on the planet than we have extracted and used so far. A) True B) False

A) True

We calculate the lifetime of a fossil fuel resource by dividing the confirmed reserves of the resource by the annual use of the resource. A) True B) False

A) True

Wind turbine converts the kinetic energy of air into mechanical energy through the rotation of blades. A) True B) False

A) True

Electricity can be generated from fossil fuels. A) True B) False

A) True- Fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas are used to generate electricity in power plants. Chemical energy in fossil fuels is converted into electricity in these plants.

Which of the following media is used in secondary recovery method? A) Water B) Air C) Steam D) Oil

A) Water

What does a higher octane number signify? A) lesser likelihood of knocking B) higher likelihood of knocking C) location of place where the fuel comes from D) Age of the fuel

A) lesser likelihood of knocking

Crude oil recovered from deep oil reservoirs tend thave A) low sulfur content B) high sulfur content C) larger hydrocarbon chains D) higher viscosity

A) low sulfur content

Most of the coal found in United States is A) Lignite coal B) Bituminous coal C) Anthracite coal D) Sub-bituminous coal

B) Bituminous coal

Which primary energy source is the biggest contributor to the US electricity generation system? A) Coal B) Coal and Natural Gas are equally the biggest C) Natural gas D) Nuclear E) Hydropower

B) Coal and Natural Gas are equally the biggest

Which power plant uses both gas and steam turbine to produce electricity? A) Hydroelectric power plant B) Combined cycle power plant C) Cogeneration power plant D) Gas turbine power plant

B) Combined cycle power plant

What is the process of breaking of heavy molecules into lighter hydrocarbons called? A) Distillation B) Cracking C) Coking D) Reforming

B) Cracking

In a power plant, chemical energy is converted to what useful end product? A) Mechanical energy B) Electrical energy C) Thermal energy D) None of the above

B) Electrical energy- Chemical Energy is converted into thermal energy in the boiler, which is then converted to mechanical energy in the turbine followed by generation of electricity by the generator.

A step-up transformer is used to decrease the voltage, so that electricity can be transmitted over long distances. A) True B) False

B) False

Anthracite has higher volatile matter content than Bituminous coal. A) True B) False

B) False

Central distribution is more efficient than distributed generation for transmitting electricity. A) True B) False

B) False

Coal can be used directly to produce "pig iron" by mixing it with iron ore in a blast furnace. A) True B) False

B) False

Coal use has peaked in the modern world and humans are expected to use less and less as the years go on. A) True B) False

B) False

Coke is produced by combustion of coal in a furnace. A) True B) False

B) False

Kerogen derived from higher plants gets converted to crude oil and natural gas when buried inside the earth for millions of years. A) True B) False

B) False

Kerogen produced from higher plants gets converted into natural gas. A) True B) False

B) False

Kerogens are formed by the transformation of inorganic matter into an insoluble, polymeric material A) True B) False

B) False

Knocking is a desirable feature in a four stroke engine. A) True B) False

B) False

Lifetime predictions for a fossil fuel are done based on available resources. A) True B) False

B) False

Lignite has higher heating value than Bituminous coal. A) True B) False

B) False

Lignite is the highest ranked coal. A) True B) False

B) False

Proximate analysis exactly measures the elemental composition of coal. A) True B) False

B) False

Reserves are the total amount of an energy source that exists, with no attention paid to how difficult or expensive it is to extract it for use. A) True B) False

B) False

Reservoir rock is a rock that produces crude oil. A) True B) False

B) False

Resources are the quantity of an energy source that is economically recoverable. A) True B) False

B) False

The Middle Eastern countries are sitting on major coal reserves in addition to all their petroleum. A) True B) False

B) False

The United States is the largest exporter of coal. A) True B) False

B) False

The amount of nitrogen in petroleum is more than in coal. A) True B) False

B) False

We anticipate that oil can be extracted more cheaply in the future than it has been in the past. A) True B) False

B) False

Most of the electricity in the US is generated using nuclear energy. A) True B) False

B) False- Coal is the major contributor (52%)

Electric power is measured in terms of voltage. A) True B) False

B) False- unit of electric power is Watts

We mostly (95%) use coal for A) Conversion to chemical feedstocks to make plastics, fertilizers, etc. B) Heat C) Carbon in metallurgy D) Conversion to liquid fuels

B) Heat

Which of the following compound has an octane rating of 0? A) Octane B) Heptane C) Gasoline D) Diesel

B) Heptane

How do you define density? A) Measure of resistance to flow by a liquid B) Mass per unit volume C) Measure of ability to flow by a fluid D) Volume per unit mass

B) Mass per unit volume

Which among the following does not use a generator to produce electricity? A) Steam power plant B) Photovoltaic cells C) Hydroelectric power plant D) Nuclear power plant

B) Photovoltaic cells

The quantity of an energy source that is known to exist and that can be recovered economically is called A) Resource B) Reserve C) Supply D) Asset

B) Reserve

Which electricity generating device DOES NOT involve spinning a generator? A) Coal-fired power plant B) Solar photovoltaic arrays C) Hydropower at a dam D) Nuclear power plant

B) Solar photovoltaic arrays

What is the function of a generator in a power plant? A) a. Convert chemical energy to mechanical energy B) b. Convert mechanical energy to electrical energy C) c. Convert thermal energy to mechanical energy D) d. None of the above

B) b. Convert mechanical energy to electrical energy

According to the expert quoted in this video (http://video.nytimes.com/video/2011/02/26/us/100000000650773/natgas.html) which pollutants are potentially responsible for the health problems described? A. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) B. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) C. Sulfur oxides (SOx) D. Particulates (PM)

B. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

4 gallons of gasoline is the energy equivalent of _____ people busting themselves for two hours? A) 100 B) 5 C) 500 D) 10 E) 50

C) 500

Which coal type contains the most carbon and the least moisture? A) Sub-bituminous B) Lignite C) Anthracite D) Bituminous

C) Anthracite

Which hydrocarbons have benzene and rings of benzene? A) Paraffins B) Cycloparaffins C) Aromatics D) None of the above

C) Aromatics

Which one of the following is an example of clean coal technology? A) Production of coke B) Coal combustion C) Carbon dioxide sequestration D) None of the above

C) Carbon dioxide sequestration

Which fossil fuel is expected to last the longest at current rates of consumption? A) Petroleum B) Hydropower C) Coal D) Natural gas E) Nuclear

C) Coal

Which one of the following combustion process uses limestone? A) Stoker combustion B) Pulverized coal combustion C) Fluidized bed combustion

C) Fluidized bed combustion

How is crude oil separated during the distillation process? A) Water B) Air C) Heat

C) Heat

Which step in the process of converting a fuel to electricity is the least efficient? A) Chemical to heat (hot gases) B) Electricity distribution C) Heat to mechanical (making a turbine spin) D) Mechanical to electrical (turning a generator)

C) Heat to mechanical (making a turbine spin)

With increase in the rank of coals, which one of the following element's composition decreases? A) Carbon B) Nitrogen C) Hydrogen D) Sulfur

C) Hydrogen

Which coal use technology could be used in the future as a pollution-free, CO2 neutral source of electricity and chemical feedstocks? A) Coking B) Powdered coal combustion C) Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) D) Co-generation

C) Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Coal reserves are measured in A) Cubic feet B) Gallons C) Metric tons D) Barrels

C) Metric tons

Much more than any other fuel, petroleum gives us the gift of A) Energy and raw materials to run our factories B) Electricity C) Mobility - transportation D) Warm homes and businesses

C) Mobility - transportation

Cubic feet is used to measure the quantities of A) Coal B) Petroleum C) Natural gas

C) Natural gas

In a gas turbine power plant, which fuel is burned to run the turbine? A) Petroleum B) Coal C) Natural gas D) water

C) Natural gas

What recovery method uses steam, chemicals or bugs? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) No relationship

C) Tertiary

Which of the following recovery methods for oil is the most expensive? A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary

C) Tertiary

What is the energy conversion that takes place in a turbine in a power plant? A) Chemical energy to Thermal energy B) Mechanical energy to electricity C) Thermal energy to mechanical energy D) Thermal energy to electricity

C) Thermal energy to mechanical energy

What is the problem with aromatics in the petroleum industry? A) Cannot be used for gasoline B) Cannot be used in diesel C) They are carcinogenic

C) They are carcinogenic

If a paraffin compound has 8 carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule? A) 8 B) 10 C) 16 D) 18

D) 18

What is the approximate carbon content in petroleum crude? A) ppm B) 4% C) 9-15% D) 85-90%

D) 85-90%

Kerogen formed from algae or plankton is derived from A) Fats B) Oils C) Waxes D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Oil Reservoirs are usually found in places that have A) Anticlines B) Faults C) Salt Plugs D) All of the above

D) All of the above

What are the major refining processes? A) Distillation B) Cracking C) Reforming D) All of the above

D) All of the above

What is necessary for the fossil fuel formation? A) Temperature B) Pressure C) Time D) All of the above

D) All of the above

What is the main function of a refinery? A) Separate different components of crude oil B) Make new materials and fuels by chemical processing C) Make products environmentally acceptable D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Which factor is responsible for the conversion of semi-decayed plants and animals into liquid petroleum? A) Heat B) Long periods of time C) Pressure D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Which coal has the highest fixed carbon content? A) Lignite B) Subbituminous C) Bituminous D) Anthracite

D) Anthracite

Which among the fossil fuel reserves are abundantly available in United States? A) Coal B) Natural gas C) Petroleum D) Both coal and natural gas

D) Both coal and natural gas

Which of the following primary energy resources contributes the most to the production of electricity? A) Natural gas B) Hydroelectric C) Nuclear D) Coal

D) Coal- Coal contributes to almost 52% of total electricity

Which of the following processes does NOT happen in the global carbon cycle? A) Carbon dioxide in atmosphere slowly dissolves in ocean B) Carbon dioxide in atmosphere is incorporated in the earth as carbonate rocks C) Carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants through a process called photosynthesis D) Glucose is formed during the decay process

D) Glucose is formed during the decay process

Which among the following reservoirs produce the best crude oil? A) Young shallow B) Young deep C) Old shallow D) Old deep

D) Old deep

A naturally occurring liquid fossil fuel resource containing a complex mixture of hydrocarbons is called A) Coal B) Natural gas C) Tar Sand D) Petroleum

D) Petroleum

Which describes photosynthesis? A) Glucose and oxygen react in living cells to produce chlorophyll and water B) Bacteria and other organisms burn glucose and other hydrocarbons (in the presence of oxygen) to release energy, water and carbon dioxide C) Water and carbon dioxide react to form chlorophyll, glucose and light energy D) Water and carbon dioxide react (in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy) to form glucose (sugar) and oxygen

D) Water and carbon dioxide react (in the presence of chlorophyll and light energy) to form glucose (sugar) and oxygen

Which fossil fuel is expected to last the longest at current rates of consumption? A) Natural gas B) Hydropower C) Nuclear D) Petroleum E) Coal

E) Coal

Most of the worlds conventional oil reserves are found where? A) Russia B) South America C) China D) North America E) Middle East

E) Middle East