EGEE 101 Final
which size of particulates are the most harmful to human health?
0.1 micron to 2.0 microns
how much did the temperature warm from 1850 to 2007?
0.85 degrees Celsius
after a uranium based fuel rod has spent 3 years in a reactor, how much of its uranium has been used
10%
approximately how much stronger do climate models predict extreme weather like hurricanes will become by 2100
10%
the temperature at which nuclear fusion becomes possible
13 million C
what percentage of the world's electricity comes the hydroelectric dams
16%
a power plant produces 50 MJ of useful energy and 200MJ of wasted heat. what is the efficiency?
20%
nuclear fuel rods are _________ uranium by concentration
3-4%
a power plant produces 50MJ of useful energy and 100MJ of wasted heat. what is the efficiency
33%
panels that use sunlight to heat up air or water and transfer it to your forced air heating or residential water heater
active solar heating
radioactive decay that emits two protons and two neutrons
alpha decay
which coal rank has the highest heating value
anthracite
the challenge associated with wind energy that fluctuates throughout the day
intermittency
the problem of needing to install large transmission capacity to move electrons from the power generation source to a market
location problem
oil and natural gas typically form in what environment
marine life preserved at the bottom of deep lakes
what is the main component of natural gas
methane
what is the main use of petroleum
transportation
as population increases, energy consumption increases
true
biomass is essentially carbon neutral
true
what percentage of the US's electricity comes from hydroelectric dams
6%
at current US reserves, how long will natural gas last?
86 years
layers of silicon that directly convert sunlight into an electric current
photovoltaic cells
what is the form of energy contained in a dam called?
potential
the challenge associated with wind energy whose power output cannot be forecast in advance
predictability
how long has hydraulic fracturing "fracking" been being performed in the US
since 1947
reflecting sunlight off of mirrors to create concentrated heat for generating steam to rotate a turbine to induce an electric current
solar thermal energy conversion
what is the largest energy consumer at home
space heating
what is energy
the capacity to do work
if h=3 meters, q=3 cubic meters per second, and efficiency is 50%, what is the power output in watts, assume 9.81
44,145 watts
if a solar farm generates 10MW in Arizona (320 sunny days per year) is moved to Pennsylvania (160 sunny day a year) what is the new power output
5 MW
betz's law dictates that the maximum efficiency that can be achieved with a wind turbine is
59%
which fossil fuel contains ash
coal
nuclear, wind, solar, and hydropower are all renewable forms of energy
false
weather and climate are the same thing
false
what is work
force * displacement
how many ranks of coal are there
four
which fossil fuel has the highest heating value per lb.
natural gas
which fossil fuel is the cleanest burning
natural gas
geothermal power plants are best when located
near rift zones
is the US a net importer or net exporter of natural gas
net exporter
the process of one larger nucleus dividing into two smaller nuclei
nuclear fission
the process of two smaller nuclei combining into one larger nucleus
nuclear fusion
which is more expensive, $100/ton of coal or $3/MCF of natural gas
the coal
the consensus of the scientific community is that deep geologic storage of high level radioactive waste is a safe long term solution
true
the sun delivers approximately 10,000x more energy per second to the earth than the whole world's population uses
true
at current US reserves, how long will coal last
283 years
if a solar farm requires 40 acres in Iowa (210 sunny days a year), how much land would it require in Nevada (350 sunny days a year)
24 acres
a hydropower dam is rated for 1 GW power generation. the annual energy output is 4380 GWH. what percentage of its capacity is used
50%
a proximate analysis shows that a certain lignite coal is 10% moisture, 30% volatiles, and 10% ash. what is the % of fixed carbon
50%
if there are 6500 TCF of proved reserves of natural gas in the world and we are consuming 123 TCF per year, how long until we run out
52.8 years
which of the fossil fuels are regional commodities with regional prices
coal and natural gas
a BTU is defined as the amount of enery required to raise the temperature of one lb. of water by one degree celsius
false
a calorie is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one lb. of water by one degree celsius
false
how much carbon dioxide have we emitted into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels since the industrial revolution
half a trillion tons
installing radiant flooring, insulating windows, and heavy curtains to absorb the sun's warmth
passive solar heating
a technology that extracts energy out of waves
tidal energy
human development (health, nutrition, education, housing) and a high level of energy use are correlated- we rarely see one without the other
true
in the past, decreasing fertility rates were associated with decreasing poverty levels
true
the three main problems with fossil fuels are they non-renewable (fixed amount), pollution and climate change
true
wind is caused by the uneven heating of the earths surface
true