Elements & Format

Abstract

A brief, comprehensive summary of the concepts of the paper Format: -typically limited to no more than 250 words -put the abstract on its own page after the title page -label the section "Abstract" in bold title case centered at the top and place the abstract below the label. -Paragraph abstracts (I'll be using this method): single paragraph and no indentation of the first line -Structured abstracts: see pg. 38

Author Name (Byline) & Format

Preferred form of author's name: -first name, middle initial, last name Format: -include one blank double-spaced line between the paper title and the byline -author name centered in standard font *Refer to pg. 33 for info on multiple authors and suffixes

Reference List

Provides a reliable way for readers to relocate the works an author cites to acknowledge previous scholarship. Format: -start the reference list on a new page after the text and before any tables, figures, and/or appendices. -label the list References, capitalized, in bold, and centered. -double-space all reference list entries -use a hanging indent for all references: the 1st line of each reference is flush left and subsequent lines are indented by .5in. *For the order of works in references, see sections 9.44 to 9.49

Author Note

Provides additional info about authors, study registration, data sharing, disclaimers or statements regarding conflicts of interest, and help or funding that supported the research. Format: place in the bottom half of the title page, below the title, byline, and affiliation. Leave at least one blank line between them. Center and bold the Author Note label. Indent each paragraph and align them to the left. Do not label the paragraphs. *For details surrounding research paper refer to pg. 35, 36, 37

Keywords

*Complete later

Appendices

*complete later, not applicable right now

Footnotes

*complete later, not applicable right now

Supplemental Materials

*complete later, not applicable right now

Paragraph Alignment & Indentation

-Align text to the left and leave right side uneven -Do not manually divide words at the end of a line -Do not manually insert line breaks into long DOIs or URLs -Indent the first line of every paragraph .5 inches Exceptions to paragraph indention requirements: -professional papers: the title, byline, affiliations on the title page should be centered -student papers: the title, byline, affiliations, course number and name, instructor, and assignment due date should be centered. -section labels should be centered and bold -first line of the abstract should be flush left -entirety of a block quotation should be indented from the left margin .5 inches. If it spans more than one paragraph any subsequent paragraphs of the block quote should be indented another .5 in. such that the first lines are indented a total of 1 inch (see section 8.27) -level 1 headings centered and bold, and level 2 and 3 headings left-aligned in bold or bold-italic -table and figure numbers, titles, and notes should be flush left (sections 7.10, 7.24, 7.11, 7.25, 7.14, 7.28) -reference list entries have a hanging indent of .5 in -appendix labels and titles should be centered and bold

Font

APA Style papers should be written in a font that is accessible to all users. A variety of font choices are permitted: -sans serif font such as 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 10-point Lucida Sans Unicode or -serif font such as 12-point Times New Roman, 11-point Georgia, or normal 10-point Computer Modern (the default for LaTeX). *For other special circumstances such as figures, computer code, and footnote in a page footer see pg. 44

Running Head

An abbreviated version of the paper title that appears at the top of every page to identify it for readers. Only required for manuscripts being submitted for publication Format: -max of 50 characters -write in the page header, flush left, in all caps across form the page number

Format Order of Pages

Arrange the pages of a paper in the following order: -title page (page 1) -abstract (start on new page) -text (start new page after abstract or title page) -references (new page after text) -footnotes (new page after references) -tables (start each on a new page after the footnotes) -figures (start each on a new page after the tables) -appendices (start each on a new page after the tables and/or figures) *APA style provides options for the display of footnotes, tables, and figures (see pg. 43)

Line Spacing

Double-space the entire paper -title page: an additional double-spaced blank line appears between the title and byline and at least one also appears between the final affiliation and any author note. -table body and figure image: the table cells and words within the image part of a figure may be single-spaced, one and a half spaced, or double spaced depending on the most effective format. *If text appears on the same page as a table or figure, insert a double-spaced blank line between the text and the table or figure -footnotes: footnotes that appear on the bottom of the page on which they are called out should be single-spaced and formatted with the default settings of your word program. Footnotes that appear on their own page after the references should be formatted like regular paragraphs of text-indented and double-spaced. -displayed equations: it is permissible to apply triple-or quadruple-spacing in special circumstances, such as before and after a displayed equation. -never add extra spacing between paragraphs

Author Affiliation

It identifies where the author(s) work or study education when the paper was conducted (usually a university) *For formatting guidelines see pg. 34

Paper Title & Format

Should summarize the main idea simply and in a way that is engaging if possible. Research papers should be a concise statement of the main topic of the research and should identify the variables or theoretical issues under investigation and the relationship between them. Format: -title case -bold -centered and positioned in the upper half of the title page (3-4 lines down from the top margin) *Effective paper title ex. page 33

Student Paper Required Elements:

Student paper usually include at minimum: -Title page -Page numbers -Text -Reference list They may also have: -Tables -Figures -and/or Appendices Student papers typically do NOT include: -Running head -Author note -Abstract (unless specifically requested by the professor or institution)

Student Title Page

The following elements should be included: -Title of the paper -Name of each author on the paper -Affiliation for each author, typically the University attended including the name of the department or division -Course number and name -Instructor name -Assignment due date, ex November 4, 2020 -Page number *Example on page 32

Text (Body)

The text, or body of the paper, contains the authors' main contribution to the literature. Both professional and student authors should follow the content guidelines described in this chapter and the citation guidelines in chapters 8 and 9. The text can be organized in many ways and that depends on the paper type most often. Most papers include: -an intro: this addresses the importance of the work, contextualizes the work within the existing lit, and states the aims of the work -should include paragraphs or sections explaining the main premise of the paper. The rest of the format revolves around the type of paper -a brief student paper may not have section headings etc. Format: -the text should start on a new page after the abstract or title page -on the first line, write the title of the paper in title case, bold, and centered. -the text should be left aligned, double spaced paragraphs -first line of each paragraph indented -don't add extra line breaks when a new heading occurs

Margins

Use 1 inch margins on all sides