Elijah---Chapter 1---AP US History

Before Columbus arrived, the only Europeans known to have visited North American, temporarily were the: a) Greeks b) Irish c) Norse d) Italians e) Portuguese

c) Norse

A crucial political development that paved the way for the European colonization of America was the: a) rise of Italian city-states like Venice and Genoa b) feudal nobles' political domination of the merchant class c) rise of centralized national monarchies such as those of Spain, Portugal, and France d) political alliance between the Christian papacy and Muslim Arab traders e) decline of religious conflict between Roman Catholics and Protestants

c) rise of centralized national monarchies such as those of Spain, Portugal, and France

The number of Indians in North America at the time Columbus arrived was approximately: a) one million b) four million c) twenty million d) one hundred and fifty million e) three hundred million

c) twenty million

Among the most important American Indian products or discoveries to spread to the Old World were: a) animals such as buffalo and horses b) technologies such as the compass and the wheel c) clothing such as buckskin and beaver fur hats d) foodstuffs such as corn, beans and tomatoes e) methods of calculating time such as the lunar calendar and the sundial

d) foodstuffs such as corn, beans and tomatoes

The belief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas, while contributing nothing good, is called the: a) encomienda b) Inquisition c) Evil Empire d) conquistadore thesis e) Black Legend

e) Black Legend

The primary reason for the drastic decline in the Indian population after the encounter with the Europeans was the: a) rise of intertribal warfare b) destruction of major Indian cities and their dispersal into small, nomadic groups c) sharp decline in Indian birthrate due to the killing of Indian males by the Europeans d) sudden introduction of the deadly disease syphilis to the New World e) Indians' lack of resistance to European diseases such as smallpox and malaria

e) Indians' lack of resistance to European diseases such as smallpox and malaria

The primary staples of Indian agriculture before the European arrival were: a) potatoes, beets and sugar cane b) rice, sweet potatoes, and peanuts c) fruit, nuts, and honey d) wheat, oats, and barley e) corn, beans and squash

e) corn, beans and squash

Even before the discovery of the Americas, Portugal became the first nation to enter the slave trade and establish large-scale plantations using slave labor in: a) West Africa b) the Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and Sicily c) the West Indies d) Brazil e) the sugar islands off the coast of Africa

e) the sugar islands off the coast of Africa

The Indian peoples of the Americas: a) developed no advanced forms of civilization b) migrated by boat from the South Pacific region about 10,000 B.C. c) were under the control of the two large empires of the Incas and the Aztecs d) relied primarily on nomadic hunting for their sustenance e) were divided into many diverse cultures speaking more than two thousand different languages

e) were divided into many diverse cultures speaking more than two thousand different languages

Animal introduced to North America by Europeans that transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains

horses

Put the following events in order by numbering them from 1 to 5: The wealthy Aztec civilization falls to Cortes. Portuguese navigators sail down the west coast of Africa. The first human inhabitants cross into North America from Siberia across a temporary land bridge. Coronado explores present-day American Southwest. Spanish conquerors move into the Rio Grande valley of New Mexico.

1. The first human inhabitants cross into North America from Siberia across a temporary land bridge. 2. Portuguese navigators sail down the west coast of Africa. 3. The wealthy Aztec civilization falls to Cortes. 4. Spanish conquerors move into the Rio Grande valley of New Mexico. 5. Coronado explores present-day American Southwest.

Spanish conquerors of great Indian civilizations

Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro

Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederacy

Hiawatha

Extended period when glaciers covered most of the North American continent

Ice Age

___________________________ were divided into many diverse cultures speaking more than two thousand different languages

The Indian peoples of the Americas

What great geological event explains the formation of the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence River system, the Columbia-Snake River system, and Great Salt Lake? How did this same geological event isolate the human population of the Americas from that of Asia?

The end of the Ice Age Closed the land bridge? cant read writing

Appalachian Mountains

The geologically oldest mountains in North America.

Franciscan missionary who settled California

Junipero Serra

Inland sea left by melting glaciers whose remnant is the Great Salt Lake

Lake Bonneville

Flourishing West African kingdom that had a major Islamic university in the city of Timbuktu

Mali

Female Indian slave who served as interpreter for Cortes

Malinche

Term for a person of mixed European and Indian ancestry

Mestizo

Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors

Montezuma

Which of the following was NOT among the ancient Indian cultures established in North American prior to 1300 A.D.: a) The Incas b) The Pueblos c) The Anasazis d) The Mississippian culture (Cahokia) e) The Mound Builders

Needs correct answer

Spanish term for the night of June 30, 1520, when war began between Aztecs and Spanish, leading to Spanish conquest of Mexico

Noche Triste

A major Pueblo uprising of 1680 caused by Spanish efforts to suppress the Indians' religious practices

Pope's Rebellion

First European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa

Portugal

Treaty of 1492 that aimed to divide all of the Americas between Spain and Portugal

Treaty of Tordesillas

True or False A primary motive for the European voyages of discovery was the desire to find a less expensive route to Asian luxury goods and markets.

True

True or False Many Indian cultures like the Iroquois traced descent and passed possessions through the female line.

True

True or False Most American Indians north of Mexico lived in small, seminomadic agricultural and hunting communities.

True

True or False Spain expanded its empire north into Florida and Texas partly to bloc French ambitions and protect their Caribbean Sea lanes.

True

True or False The Spanish Empire in the New World was larger, richer, and longer-lasting than that later established by the English.

True

True or False The geography of the North American continent was fundamentally shaped by the advance ad retreat of glaciers during the Great Ice Age.

True

True or False The primary cause of the massive population decline among native Americans after the European arrival was not of warfare but disease.

True

Much of the impetus for Spanish exploration and pursuit of glory in the early 1500's came from Spain's recent: a) successful wars with England b) national unification and expulsion of the Muslim Moors c) voyages of discovery along the coast of Africa d) conversion to Roman Catholicism e) founding of the Jesuit order by the Spanish solider Ignatius Loyola

b) national unification and expulsion of the Muslim Moors

Cortes and his men were able to conquer the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan partly because: a) they had larger forces than the Aztecs b) the Aztec ruler Montezuma believed that Cortes was a god whose return had been predicted c) the Aztecs were a peaceful people with no experience of war or conquest d) the city of Tenoctitlan already had been devastated by a disease epidemic e) Cortes was able to bribe many Aztec warriors to betray their people

b) the Aztec ruler Montezuma believed that Cortes was a god whose return had been predicted

Roman Catholic religious order of friars that organized a chain of missions in California

Franciscan

Italian-born explorer who thought that he had arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on unknown continents

Christopher Columbus

Italian-born navigator sent by English to explore North American coast in 1498

Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot)

Cause: The Spanish need to protect Mexico against French and English encroachment

Effect: Establishment of Spanish settlements in Florida and New Mexico

Cause: New sailing technology and desire for spices

Effect: European voyages around Africa and across the Atlantic attempting to reach Asia.

Cause: The Spanish conquest of large quantities of New World gold and silver

Effect: Rapid expansion of global economic commerce and manufacturing

Cause: Cultivation of corn (maize)

Effect: The formation of large, sophisticated civilizations in Mexico and South America

Cause: Portugal's creation of sugar plantations on Atlantic coastal islands

Effect: The rapid expansion of the African slave trade

Cause: The Great Ice Age

Effect: Exposure of a land bridge between Asia and North America

True or False African slavery first developed in the aftermath of the Spanish conquest of the Americas.

False

True or False Columbus immediately recognized in 1492 that he had come across vast new continents previously unknown to Europeans.

False

True or False Native peoples of northeast Asia continued to migrate across the land bridge from Siberia to Alaska until the time of Columbus.

False

True or False No Europeans had ever set foot on the American continents prior to Columbus' arrival in 1492.

False

True or False The Spanish conquistadores had little to do with the native peoples of Mexico and refused to intermarry with them.

False

True or False The Spanish were able to defeat the Aztecs because the Aztecs had no experience with a sophisticated, urban civilization.

False

True or False The early Indian civilization of Mexico and Peru were built on the economic foundations of cattle herding and wheat growing.

False

True or False The greatest effect of the European intrusion into the Americas was to increase the Indian and mestizo population through intermarriage with the whites.

False

Financiers and beneficiaries of Columbus's voyages to the New World

Ferdinand and Isabella

Cause: Franciscan friars' desire to convert Pacific coast Indians to Cathoicism

Formation of a chain of mission settlements in California

What are the two major mountain chains that border the great mid-continental basin drained by the Mississippi River System?

Appalachians & Rockies

Dominican friar who sympathized with Indians and protested cruel Spanish policies in the New World

Bartolome de Las Casas

The two smaller kingdoms that were united by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to create the powerful nation of Spain

Castile and Aragon

Important ancient Anasazi Indian center in New Mexico that included a pueblo of six hundred interconnected rooms

Chaco Canyon

Staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations

Corn

Portuguese navigators who sailed around the African coast

Dias and da Gama

Cause: Native Americans' lack of immunity to smallpox, malaria, and yellow fever

Effect: A decline of 90 percent in the New World Indian population

Cause: Columbus's first encounter with the New World

Effect: A global exchange of animals, plants, and diseases

Cause: Aztec legends of a returning god, Quetzalcoatl

Effect: Cortes's relatively easy conquest of Tenochtitlan

Name one of the major European diseases that devastated Native American populations after 1492

Smallpox

Founded in 1565, the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in United States territory

St. Augustine

Sexually transmitted disease originating in the Americas that was transmitted and spread among Europeans after 1492

Syphillis

Wealthy Capital of the Aztec empire

Tenochtitlan

Wealthy and populous capital of the Aztec empire

Tenochtitlan

The geologically oldest mountains in North America are the: a) Appalachians b) Rockies c) Cascades d) Sierra Nevada e) Ozarks

a) Appalachians

The flood of gold and silver from Spain's New World Empire into Europe after 1500 played a large role in the: a) rise of capitalism and modern merchant banking b) Protestant Reformation c) development of an industrial working class d) expansion of the jewelry industry e) development of a modern system of precious metal currency

a) rise of capitalism and modern merchant banking

One of the important factors that first stimulated European interest in trade and discovery was: a) the Christian crusaders who brought back a taste for the silks and spices of Asia b) the Arab slave traders on the east coast of Africa c) the Scandinavian sailors who had kept up continuous trade contacts with North America d) the division of Spain into small kingdoms competing for wealth and power e) Copernicus's discovery that the earth revolved around the sun

a) the Christian crusaders who brought back a taste for the silks and spices of Asia