Elsons study set

Miguel is part of a group presentation on the subject of learning for his psychology class. One person in Miguel's group will talk about classical conditioning. Another member of the group will talk about operant conditioning. Miguel's job is to compare the two. He plans on explaining to the class that

"Classical conditioning involves the learning of associations between two stimuli, whereas operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of behavior.

______ and _____ are promiunent psycologists assosicated with the humanistic perspective

Abraham Maslow; Carl Rogers

Madeline is recovering from a traumatic brain injury she sustained while fighting in Iraq. Although her senses are intact and she has use of her entire body, she has been displaying an usual lack of emotion. For example, she seems to have lost all sense of fear, and did not appear happy to see her family when they came to visit during her rehabilitation. Doctors now suspect that Madeline has sustained damage to her

Amygdala

_____ disorders are characterized by exreme apprehension

Anxiety

A goal of psychology is to _____, which involves using research findings to shape or modify behavior, or to apply the findings in order to direct behavior in a beneficial way

Change

_____ is Miller's name for grouping pieces of information together into meaningful subsets to expand the capacity of short-term memory

Chunking

Leia is preparing for a quiz tomorrow morning, so she notes that _____ is released by the adrenal glands.

Cortisol

Networks of neurons in the _____ lobe are involved in processing emotions and making plans.

Frontal

_____ detects blood flow to brain regions, indicating heightened neural activity

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Little albert was classically conditioned to fear a white rat. Eventually

Generlization stimulus

Darnell underwent surgery to control his severe epilepsy. Now, however, Darnell cannot form new memories of his experiences, although he does remember events in the past. Most likely, the surgery destroyed a portion of the ______ in Darnell's brain.

Hippocampus

Dr. Wu believes humans are essentially good

Humanistic perspective

One difference between iconic memory and echoic memory is

Iconic memory is visual memory is shorter. Echoic memory is auditory memory is longer

adler was one of the first psychologists to focus on the psychological

Inferiority

Recall Tolman and Honzik's classic experiment. The rats speed navigating provided an example of

Latent learning

A relatively enduring change in behavior or thinking that results from experiences

Learning

Arturo studies by rewriting and rereading his class notes over and over again; this process is somewhat analogous to ________ rehearsal

Maintenance

Darnell noticed that his friend patrice seemed to be very tired and lacking energy

Major depressive disorder

An intrusive, repetitive thought, urge, or image is called a(n):

Obsession

________ conditioning is a type of learning in which organisms associate actions with consequences

Operant

In _____ disorder, an individual experiences sudden, intense fear or discomfort

Panic

The ______ lobes play a key role in integrating sensory information

Parietal

Lamar takes a melatonin tablet to help him sleep. The tablet's active ingredient is released naturally by the

Pineal gland

If the endocrine system had a chief executive officer, it would be the _____ gland.

Pituitary

after catching up on all her readings and assignments. leah treats herself by going to a movie with a friend. this outing is an example of ___ reinforcement

Positive

An undesired behavior is decreased by:

Positive punishment

Jonah wants his grandmother to get and use hearing aids, so he starts by offering to take her out to lunch if she agrees to get her hearing checked by an audiologist. He is using _____ to shape her behavior.

Positive reinforcement

Owen has trouble remembering a friend's new phone number; he keeps recalling the old number instead. Completing a rental application, Pippa finds she can't recall one of her previous addresses, as she's had several addresses since. Owen is experiencing _____ interference. Pippa is experiencing ____ interference.

Proactive; retroactive

People with Schizophrenia demonstrate a sever and chronic loss with reality called

Psychosis

the process in which a stimulus causes an involuntary response:

Reflex arc

When answering such questions as "Who was your date to the junior prom?" or "Which costume did you wear last Halloween?" you are relying most explicitly on the memory process of

Retrieval - long term memory

The term "psychoanalysis" refers to the psychological theory and system of treatment devised by

Sigmund frued

In considering yearly rates of psyhological disorcers, ____ disorders are the most prevalent

Social Phobia

When behavior reemerges following extinction, ____ has occurred

Spontaneous recovery

_____was an early school of psychology that used introspection to determine the most basic elements

Structuralism

What a person refers to their "conscience" in everyday life, they are reffering to the

Superego

According to Raymond Cattell, ___ are easily observable traits

Surface traits

Public speaking frightens Pavel. Unfortunately, he is scheduled to give a presentation when his class begins in 5 minutes. Pavel's (blank) nervous system is probably kicking into high gear.

Sympathetic Nervous System

What does a correlation coefficient tell us?" Zoe asks the members of her psychology study group. "The strength of a relationship between two variables," answers Yvonne. "The reason two variables are related," puts in Will. "The casual relationship between two variables," answers Tony. "None of those things," exclaims Jordan. Who is CORRECT

Yvonne

Little Albert developed a conditioned emotional response to

a white rat

Erin is under stress: She has only a few minutes to make a connection at a large, busy airport - and the gate is in another terminal! Erin's ______ gland is releasing high levels of the hormone ______

adrenal; noradrenalin

The ___ perspective is the most integrative approach for explaining phsycological disorders

biopsychosocial

the police brought gabriella to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last 5 days. In the ER, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is most likely suffering from

bipolar disorder

The brain's outermost cellular layer is called the

cerebral cortex

______ are branchlike fibers extending in from the cell body that receive signals from other nuerons

dendrites

in an experiment, the _____ variable is measured by the researcher

dependant variable

Disturbances involving problems with memory, consciousness, identity, and motor control are characteristic of _____ disorder

dissociative

Learning, attention, and movement all involve the neurotransimmer

dopamine

In freud's model of the mind, the__ acts as a mediator

ego

Agnes is majoring in psychology but is currently studying for her French midterm. She has 3 days that she can use to study for this test. Since Agnes is majoring in psychology, she understands that, to do her best, she needs to:

engage in distributed practice because it improves encoding.

Dr. Ahmad is worried that his beliefs about the effectiveness of a drug might influence the behaviors of participants in his experiment. He is worried about

experimenter bias.

The ______ appears to support some aspects of personality development

frontal lobe

The final psycosextual stage in freud's developent sequence is the

genital stage

Betty does not believe she can meet the weight-loss and strength-training goals her personal trainer has set. In Bandura's terms, Betty

has low self-efficay

Pizza! Beer! Sex! Our motivation or drive for such things is based in part on the activity of the brain region known as the ________.

hypothalamus

Dr. Segal predicted that when given a joint task, identical twins will cooperate more and compete less than fraternal twins. This prediction was her

hypothesis

If there is no relationship between two variables, then the correlation coeffiient would be

independant relationship

Wolfgang Kohler is associated with what kind of learning

insight learning

The symptoms associated with psycologial disorders

interfere with a person's daily life

Gamila believes that her career success is dependent on how hard she works

internal locus of control

According to hans eysenck, a quiet and careful person who enjoys his or her time alone is

introversim

The _____ is a group of interrelated structures involved in people's experiences of emotion, motivation, and memory

limbic system

Alex is repeating the phone number of a friend again and again

maintenance rehearsal

The role of _____ is to protect and insulate the axon and to speed up the neural message

myleth sheith

In a Skinner box, a rat escapes painful electric shock by pressing a lever. The rat's bar-pressing behavior is maintained by

negative reinforcement

Francisco learned how to cook a meal by watching his father prepare it in the kitchen

observational learning

Bandura used the term "_____ determinism" to denote the complex interaction among the individual, behavior, and the environment.

reciprocal

Adela sees someone at a party that she is sure she knows. She knows the other person's name starts with a "D" but she just can't remember the name itself. Adela is experiencing a _____ failure

retrieval

Operant conditioning is associated with

skinner

Molly's dog no longer sits when Molly says "Sit!" because she no longer feeds the animal table scraps when it obeys. The dog sits, though, when Molly's sister visits one evening and says "Sit!" Molly's dog is demonstrating

spontaneous recovery

which two personality theories place the greatest emphasis on environmental influences on personality

the behavioral and social-cognitive perspectives

A research study using naturalistic observation entails:

the systematic, detailed study of a single individual.

before the classical conditioning process starts

unconditioned stimulus elicits an unconditioned response