Embalming
The embalming pressure acheieved in gravity embalming is
0.43 lb./ft.
The maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over and eight hour time period is
0.75 ppm
If you use 8oz of 16 index fluid to one gallon of water, what would be the index of your solution?
1.0%
What percentage dilute solution is created by adding 32 ounces of a 28 index fluid in enough water to make 4 gallons of solution?
1.75 index
When using the gravity method of obtaining pressure for injection arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approx. _____ pounds of pressure per foot of elevation above the point of injection
1/2
There is an immediate danger to health and life if exposed to formaldehyde levels above
100 ppm
The amount of arterial fluid necessary to make one gallon of solution is at 2% strength using a 20 index fluid is
12.8 oz
The point of entry for the trocar when aspirating cavities is
2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus
How much of a 16 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 1.5% solution?
24 oz.
What temperature is considered to be optimum for the growth and reproduction of bacteria?
37 degrees on the celcius scale
The optimum temp. to promote decomposition is
99 degrees F
The escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location is
Agonal edema
What is the most accurate classification of petechia?
Ante mortem extravascular blood discoloration
The "Father of Embalming" was
Dr. Frederich Ruysch
The "Father of Embalming in the U.S" was
Dr. Thomas Holmes
An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public is
Jean Gannal
The individual for whom "Hunter's Canal" is named is
John Hunter
If injecting an infant case by the way of the heart, which chamber of the heart is considered most appropriate to insert the arterial tube for the best results?
Left ventricle
Who is said to be the "Father of Histology"?
Marcello Malphigi
What is the most accurate classification of livor mortis?
Post mortem intravascular blood discoloration
Which artery should be raised and injected to facilitate the embalming of the body between the antecubital fossa and the wrist?
Radial
The femoral artery is bordered medially by the ____ muscle
adductor longus
The femoral artery originates at a point behind the center of the inguinal ligament and terminates at the opening in the ____ muscle
adductor longus
The method of drainage in relation in which an amount of arterial fluid is injected and then drainage is allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately is the _____ method
alternate
What are the first products of decomposition?
amino acids
An instrument which is inserted into the artery for the introduction of fluid is
an arterial tube
Distention of body tissues is a complication of
anasarca
Distention of the body tissues is a complication of
anasarca
The ___ artery courses along the lateral margin of the crest of the tibia, passes through the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery
anterior tibial
What artery extends form the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle?
anterior tibial
Hardening compound is used
as a preservative and drying agent in autopsied cases
Just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the ______ artery
axillary
The anatomical guide for the ______ artery is posterior to the medial border of the bellly of the biceps brachii muscle
brachial
Livor mortis is synonymous with
cadaveric lividity
A condition which favors edema is
carbon monoxide poisoning
Directing the point of the trocar toward a point one-fourth of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic sympasis is the trocar guide for the
cecum/appendix
tHE LINEAR GUIDE FOR THE RADIAL ARTERY IS FROM THE
center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger
The linear guide for the axillary artery is from the
center of the axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity
tHE LINEAR GUIDE FOR THE BRACHIAL ARTERY IS FROM THE
center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the inner bend of the elbow
The anatomical guide for the axillary artery is at the medial border of the
cracobrachialis muscle
Which of the following is NOT classified as a chemical change? Decomposition, desiccation, change in ph, rigor mortis
dessication
What type of cavity treatment involves the making of an incision from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic sympasis of the pevlic girdle?
direct incision
From the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first and second toe is the linear guide for the
dorsalis pedis artery
Hydrocele is
edema of the scrotum
In which of the following cases will decomposition develop most rapidly? Emaciated, edematous, febrile, stillborn infant
edematous cases
The _____ artery changes its name to femoral and is used in the embalming of an autopsied body
external iliac
The first muscle affected by rigor mortis is the
eyes
The most common method used for arterially injecting a body today is the
force pump
Which of the following is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration? Hematoma, postmortem stain, livor mortis, carbon monoxide discoloration
hematoma
The swelling and bursting of the red blood cells is
hemolysis
The onset of postmortem changes generally
hinders the embalming process
Which vein is considered to be the companion to the common carotid artery?
internal jugular vein
Imporper positioning of the head on the headrest may interfere with drainage from the
jugular vein
What treatments should be used when intravascular difficulties are manifested during the embalming process?
low pressure, slow rate of flow
What is the most commonly used disinfectant and preservative chemical agent in hardening compounds?
paraformaldehyde
Which of the following is NOT a component of hardening compounds? Paraformaldehyde, phenol, alum, wood powder
phenol
Which of these is an example of a pre-embalming chemical change in a body? Imbibition, dehydration, algor mortis, postmortem caloricty
postmortem caloricity
A postmortem discoloration brought about by the rupture of the red blood cells and a release of their contents into the tissues is
postmortem stain
When preparing to embalm a dead body the embalmer will prepare a solution by adding the concentrated embalming fluid to water in the resevoir of the injection device. This dilution of fluid is called
primary
What muscle acts as the anatomical guide for the external iliac artery?
psoas major
The color of cadaveric lividity can be best described as
purple
The anatomical guide for the _____ artery is just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
radial
What color is imparted to the body by radium treatments?
red
In the femoral triangle the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the ____ muscle
sartorius
In an exanthematous case, what would best describe the skin?
scaling
The lymph fluids of the body help to promote
secondary dilution
The cooling of the body of a corpulent person would be
slower
The procedure of injection and drainage in which injection is accomplished at one place and drainage is taken from another is called
split
The linear guide for the common carotid artery is from the
sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear
Directing the trocar point toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left midaxillary line is the trocar guide for the
stomach
The right ___ artery is shorter than the left one due to its origin
subclavian
What blood vessel is the origin of the axillary artery?
subclavian
Death beginning at the heart is termed
syncope
That procedure of disinfection following the embalming process to protect the enviroment would most appropriately to what?
terminal disinfection
Where should the point of the trocar be directed to access the heart when the handle of the trocar is aligned with the left anterior superior iliace spine?
the lobe of the right ear
Which artery can be located along a line from the center of the antecubical fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth digits of the upper extremeity?
ulnar
What stitch is used to turn under the excess margins of skin in an incision?
worm stitch
Which of these conditions is assoc. with edema? Refridgeration, radiation, arthritis, alcoholism
alcoholism
The post mortem loss of body heat is
algor mortis
General edema is referred to as
anasarca
A condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained is
apparent death
What suture begins by placing the point of the needle within the incision and then up through the skin passing from one side of the incision to the other side with each stitch?
baseball stitch
Which of the following is an example of a perfuming agent? Carbolic acid, ponceau, benzaldehyde, sodium lauryl sulfate
benzaldehyde
Which of these is an example of an intravascular ante-mortem blood discoloration? Cadaveric lividity, carbon monoxide poisoning, petechia, ecchymosis
carbon monoxide poisoning
Hemolysis complicates the embalming process because it
causes a stain
The linear guide for the popliteal artery is from the
center of the popliteal space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity
Death beginning at the brain is called
coma
The anatomical guide for the ____ artery is along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
common carotid
What type of autopsy consists of the examination of the contents of the cranial and ventral cavities?
complete
Which of the following is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration? Active capillary congestions, passive capillary congestion, ecchymosis, carbon monoxide
ecchymosis
The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intercullular spaces or cavities is
edema
What factors are NOT encountered in every dead human body?
extravascular factors
Which blood vessel is the continuation of the external iliac artery?
femoral artery
If an embalmer elevated a gravity percolator ten feet above the injection site, how many pounds of potential pressure would be created
five
Complete cellular death always _____ somatic death
follows
Which of the following causes a post-mortem extravascular blood discoloration? Hemoglobin decomposition, cabon monoxide poisoning, active capillary congestion, ecchymosis
hemoglobin decomposition
What embalming instrument can be used to clamp a leaking blood vessel
hemostat
What type of solution has the power to attract a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into iteself?
hypertonic solution
According to the nine region plan, what abdominal region is superior and lateral to the umbilical region?
hypochondriac
In the nine region plan, which region of the abdominal pelvic cavity is located immediately inferior to the umbilical region?
hypogastric
What type of solution will have its solvent drawn through a semi-permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution?
hypotonic solution
If you are embalming a body which has an infectious disease, when should the cavity treatment procedure begin?
immediately after arterial injection is completed
Which of the following methods of injection and drainage is recommended for use in embalming cases which exhibit vascular disorders? Concurrent method, continuous method, intermittent method, teminal method
intermittent method
What type of solutions can be placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane without either solution attracting solvent from the other solution across the membrane?
isotonic solution
Which of the following is an inexpert test of death? Ligature test, stethocope, opthalmoscope, fluroscein dye injection
ligature test
Which test for death involves the discoloration of the distal part of a finger or toe?
ligature test
According to the nine region plan, which region os the abdominal pelvic cavity is located just lateral of the umbilical region?
lumbar
Who was the first to note capillary circulation?
marcello malpigi
The method of mouth closure which employs wires attached to small tacks which are inserted into the upper and lower jaw is called the
needle inection
What is a commonly used moisture absorbing substance in a hardening compound?
plaster of paris
With the embalming machine turned on and the rate of flow valve closed, the type of pressure being shown on the pressure gage is
potential pressure
What type of anticoagulant will breakup clots by causing the mineral particles of the blood to fall out of suspension?
precipitants
Which blood vessel lies just lateral of the tendon of the flexor carpi radiallis muscle?
radial artery
The whip stitch is also known as the
roll stitch
What embalming instrument can be used to hold a cotton ball used to disinfect the eyes?
spring forceps
Which of the following blood vessels is NOT suiteable for the injection of arterial fluids into a small infant? Arch of the aorta, abdominal aorta, ascending aora, superior vena cava
superior vena cava
What is the common action of phenol, formalin and sodium hypochlorite on the tissues of the body?
they are all capable of bleaching tissue
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an artery? They have three tunics, they are cream colored, they are deep seated in body parts, they collapse when cut
they collapse when cut
During embalming the head should be
tilted to the right approx. 15 degrees
What is the prescribed incision for a sclerotic blood vessel?
triangular wedge
How far above the injection site would the bottom of the gravity percolator need to be in order to achieve one pound of injection pressure?
two feet
The motorized force pump
uses centrifugal force
What suture is described as a recommended hidden stitch which could be used on a cranial autopsy?
worm
On the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubical fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers is the linear guide for the
ulnar artery
Which of the following does NOT favor dehydration? Anasarca, hemorrhage, pulmonary tuberculosis, typhoid fever
anasarca
From the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle joint is the linear guide for the
anterior tibial artery
An embalming chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base balances within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues is a
buffer
The linear guide for the femoral artery is from the
center of the inguinal ligament to the center of the medial condyle of the femur
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which both injection and drainage are allowed to flow freely throughout the operation is the ____ method
continuous
If you use 16 oz of 30 index fluid, how many gallons of a 2.5% solution will you have?
1 1/2 gallons
What index fluid must you use to have 2 gallons ofdiluted fluid with a strength of 1% if you use 16 oz of concentrated fluid?
16
The inferior vena cava is the vein which accompanies the
descending aorta
Damage to the valves of the heart usually occurs in cases with
endocartisis
Through the center of the femoral triangle bordered laterally by the sartorious muscle and medially by the adductor longus muscle, is the anatomical guide for the ____ artery
femoral
An embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals is a
hypo-valve trocar
An aneurysm may prove troublesome in embalming because
if it ruptures, fluid injected will escape from the vascular system
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which injection is continued and drainage is taken at intervals is the ___ method
intermittent
A secondary dilution as related to the embalming operation
is caused by blood and lymph
The ulnar artery lies along the _____ border of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
lateral
What artery beings at the level of the second costal cartilage?
left common carotid
When embalming the autopsy case, what would be utilized to inject the upper left extremity?
left subclavian
Clear embalming fluid is usually purged from the nose and mouth during preparation of cases dead of pulmonary tuberculosis because the
lung capillaries are weakened by disease
The method of mouth closure employing a suture passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible is called the
mandibular suture
When preparing the infant case, what is recommended to be applied to the tissues of the visible parts of the body during embalming?
massage cream
The ____ artery which originates at the opening in the adductor magnus muscle, terminates at the inferior border of the popliteous muscle
popliteal
From the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and the calcenaus bone is the linear guide for the
posterior tibial artery
The discoloration which is considered to be most permanent is
postmortem extravascular discoloration
The passing of arteral solution through the capillary wall, caused by positive intravascular pressure is
pressure filtration
When treating blisters, which of the following is incorrect? Punture and drain blisters before embalming, remove loose skin after embalming, apply sectional embalming, remove loose integument before embalming
remove loose integument before embalming
The process of injection and drainage in which both common carotids are raised is referred to as
restricted cervical
When embalming an autopsy case, what would be utilized to inject the lower right extremeity?
right common iliac
If the solute is 28 index and you wish the solution to be 3 gallons of 3%, how many ounces of solute will you need?
41.1 oz
If you used 2 bottles of arterial fluid to make 3 1/2 gallons of a 3% solution, what would the index of the arterial fluid be?
42 index
Which blood vessel continues as the brachial artery?
Axillary artery
Who established a method of embalming without evisceration?
Clauderus
