EMR Final Exam
Ambient air contains what percentage of oxygen? A)10 percent B)50 percent C)100 percent D)21 percent
D)21 percent
A three-year-old boy at presence within alerted mental status. His parents state he wandered into the garage unattended. He presents with a lethargic , with a green sentence around his mouth. You should first: A)take a set of vital signs B)call for additional resources C)administer oxygen D)attempt to identify the substance around his mouth
B)call for additional resources
A 74-year-old woman feels weak and dizzy, has pale and sweaty skin, and has a fast and weak pulse. The fast and weak pulse of this patient causes you to suspect that her cardiac output has: A)not been affected B)decreased C)stopped D)increased
B)decreased
SCENARIO A 47-year-old male walking across the street when he was struck by an oncoming car. You find him conscious and alert. Your partner has taken spinal restriction, and you ensure that he has no compromise to the airway or circulation. He complains of abdominal pain, back pain, and pain in his left leg. You explain that the ambulance is on the way, and you begin a more detailed exam. When assessing the patients injured leg, you find a small cut on the inside of the leg, just below the knee. This injury can be described as ______ and ______ to the knee. A)proximal/lateral B)distal/medial C)distal/lateral D)proximal/medial
B)distal/medial
The single most effective means of preventing the spread of disease is: A)sterilize all equipment after use B)effective hand washing C)wearing gloves on every call D)avoid touching patients with infectious diseases
B)effective hand washing
A man has collapsed at a restaurant and is unresponsive. Before you assist the patient, you: A)check for a pulse B)ensure that the scene is safe C)start CPR D)ask if the patient is okay
B)ensure that the scene is safe
The purpose of the primary assessment is to: A)identify any allergies to medications B)identify and treat life-threatening conditions C)determine the need for additional resources D)determine the chances of survival
B)identify and treat life-threatening conditions
Your patient is in severe respiratory distress with labored but adequate breathing. The appropriate oxygen delivery device would be a: A)nebulizer mask B)nonrebreather mask C)bag-valve mask D)nasal cannula
B)nonrebreather mask
When breathing for an adult, you should ventilate at a rate of: A)one breath every 7 to 9 seconds B)one breath every 5 to 6 seconds C)one breath every 13 to 15 seconds D)one breath every 11 to 13 seconds
B)one breath every 5 to 6 seconds
Patient confidentiality applies to all of the following situation EXCEPT: A)when you are alone with your spouse or a loved one B)relaying concerns of abuse to appropriate authorities C)when the press has already reported the incident D)discussing the call with another fire crew who was not invited
B)relaying concerns of abuse to appropriate authorities
A fixed antenna that is used to boost a radio signal is called the: A)transfer radio B)repeater C)receiver D)base station
B)repeater
Strategies for effective communication include all of the following EXCEPT: A)being aware of body language B)responding defensively C)speaking quickly D)using active listening skills
B)responding defensively
A 10-year-old male has a pencil impaled in his cheek. The wound is bleeding heavily, and the pencil appears to be blocking the airway. You should: A)stabilize the pencil with bulky dressings B)rinse the inside of the mouth with water C)gently push the pencil back through the cheek wall D)attempt to cut the pencil into a smaller section
C)gently push the pencil back through the cheek wall
According to the Centers for Disease Control, ______ is the number one killer among adults in the United States A)cancer B)diabetes C)heart disease D)trauma
C)heart disease
Which of the following would cause an emergency medical responder to suspected injury to the face? A) unstable chest wall B) difficulty breathing C) penetrating trauma to the back D) inability to move the jaw
D) inability to move the jaw
"Simple access" is considered access to a patient when: A) additional training is required B) supervisor approval is required C) special equipment is required D) no special equipment is required
D) no special equipment is required
You respond to a motor vehicle crash with your crew and begin providing care to a patient from a different culture. Which of the following can you legally consider. When making decisions about the care you provide? A)the religious beliefs of the patient B)the ability of the patient to pay for a hospital stay C)the gender of the patient D)any unique medical needs of the patient
D)any unique medical needs of the patient
The disease that affects millions of people in the United States and is characterized by a narrowing of the lower areas, wheezing, and sensitivity to irritants is called: A)epiglottitis B)emphysema C)chronic bronchitis D)asthma
D)asthma
For a pediatric patient and a respiratory arrest, it is appropriate to do all of the following EXCEPT: A) assist ventilations with a pocket face mask B) assist ventilations with a pediatric bag-valve mask ventilator and supplemental oxygen C) assist ventilations with a pocket face mask with supplemental oxygen D) provide blow-by oxygen via pediatric nonrebreather mask
D) provide blow-by oxygen via pediatric nonrebreather mask
The Emergency Medical Responder recognizes that anaphylaxis is: A) mild allergic reaction B)only a danger if it doesn't resolve within 25 minutes C)never life threatening, as long as care is provided D)a life-threatening allergic reaction
D)a life-threatening allergic reaction
You have an ethical responsibility to: A)be ready to perform at all times B)maintain your skills and knowledge C)read professional publications D)all the above
D)all the above
The emergency medical responder recognizes that it is unsafe to attempt a water rescue without proper training because: A)cold water can cause hypothermia very quickly B)patients may panic and unintentionally hurt responders C)even water that looks calm may have a strong and dangerous currents D)all of the above are true
D)all the above are true
Which of the following set of personal protective equipment is MOST appropriate when assisting with a field delivery? A) gloves, gown, face shield, and mask B) gloves and goggles only C) gloves and a closed air respirator D) gloves, gown, and N95mask
A) gloves, gown, face shield, and mask
All of the following mechanisms would cause a high suspicion for spinal injury EXCEPT: A) A ground-level fall on a grassy surface B) A fall from 20 feet C) A rollover motor vehicle collision D) significant blunt force trauma
A) ground level fall on a grassy surface
The four main categories of shock are: A) hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstructive B) respiratory, geriatric, pediatric, febrile C) septic, neurogenic, destructive, respiratory D) psychogenic, anxiety, cardiac, gastrointestinal
A) hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstructive
Your patient is fully alert and oriented. What number would this patient receive on the Glasgow coma scale? A)15 B)20 C)10 D)1
A)15
In most states, EMS providers are legally required to report suspected: A) elder abuse B)falls C) alcohol use D) drug use
A)Elder abuse
The Emergency Medical Responder provides emergency care: A)Medical Director B)fire chief C)hospital doctor D)EMS coordinator
A)Medical Director
Which of the following acronyms would be most useful in gathering a medical history from your patient? A)SAMPLE B)AVPU C)DCAP-BTLS D)BP-DOC
A)SAMPLE
What effect does bradycardia have on cardiac output? A)a slow heart rate causes cardiac output to decrease B)bradycardia does not ever affect cardiac output C)a slow heart rate causes cardiac output to increase D)a fast heart rate causes cardiac output to decrease
A)a slow heart rate causes cardiac output to decrease
When the body has an adequate supply of oxygen and converts glucose into energy it is called: A)aerobic metabolism B)metabolic acidosis C)metabolic compromise D)anaerobic metabolism
A)aerobic metabolism
Unlawful physical contact with a patient is called: A)battery B)harassment C)negligence D)abandonment
A)battery
Paradoxical movement indicates a: A)oneumothorax B)hemothorax C)fail chest D)cardiac tamponade
C)fail chest
Which of the following is the appropriate of steps to take in the emergency medical care of the mothers postdelivery? A)deliver the afterbirth, control vaginal bleeding, and provide emotional support B)control vaginal bleeding, deliver the afterbirth, and provide physical support C)deliver the afterbirth, provide physical support, and control vaginal bleeding D)control the afterbirth, control vaginal bleeding, and control emotional support
A)deliver the afterbirth, control vaginal bleeding, and provide emotional support
You are caring for a patient who was pulled from a lake and is now pulseless and apneic. As you apply the AED, you notice that the patient is lying in a pool of water. you should: A)drag the person out of the pool of water B)wait for ALS personal to arrive C)use towels to absorb the water around the patient D)apply the AED and analyze
A)drag the person out of the pool pf water
You arrive at the scene of an assault. Police are on scene and have secured the scene. Another responder is holding manual stabilization of the patients cervical spine. You would NEXT: A)form your general impression B)obtain a SAMPLE history C)perform a rapid trauma survey D)conduct a detailed physical assessment
A)form your general impression
You are treating a 54-year-old male complaining of crushing trust pressure. He states that the pain started about 45 minutes ago and has gotten worse in the last 20 minutes. He also complains of nausea and is pale and sweaty. These signs and symptoms are consistent with: A)myocardial infarction B)congestive heart failure C)angina pectoris D)heartburn
A)myocardial infarction
A thorough transfer of care report contains all of the following elements EXCEPT the: A)patients religious orientation B)patients name and age C)vital signs D)chief complaint
A)patients religious orientation
You arrived to find a 17-year-old female patient he was unresponsive and breathing four times per minute with shallow respirations. You should: A) provide positive pressure ventilation B) suction the airway C) question bystanders about the patient's history D) placed a patient in the recovery position
A)provide positive pressure ventilation
A patient breathing 20 times a minute with labored respirations is most likely experiencing: A)respiratory distress B)apnea C)respiratory failure D)respiratory arrest
A)respiratory distress
Your patient presents lethargic and confused. She is breathing 6 times per minute with shallow and labored respirations. This patient is experiencing: A)respiratory distress B)asthma C)respiratory failure D)normal respirations
A)respiratory distress
Open head injuries involve fractures of the: A)skull B)shoulder C)ears D)all the above
A)skull
All of the following are indications for a nonemergency move EXCEPT: A)the patient is unconscious B)there is no evidence of a spinal injury C)the vital signs are stable D)there are no signs of uncontrolled bleeding
A)the patient is unconscious
A 36-year-old female is unresponsive after a motorcycle accident. Your physical exam reveals no crepitus, bleeding, or deformity to her skull. Your suspect she has sustained: A) A skull laceration B) A closed head injury C) an open head injury D) A fractured skull
B) A closed head injury
Emergency care procedures for injured lower extremities include: A) placing dislocated joint back into place B) applying a rigid or soft splint C) consulting a physician D) using a sling or swathe
B) applying a rigid or soft split
Which of the following questions would the emergency medical responder ask to evaluate the "Q" in the OPQRST pneumatic? A)"exactly when did your pain start?" B)"tell me in your own words what your pain feels like?" C)"does anything make your pain better or worse?" D)"can you point to where the pain is?"
B)"tell me in your own words what your pain feels like?"
When administering oxygen to patient via nasal cannula, the maximum LPM flow is: A)10 LPM B)6 LPM C)4 LPM D)2 LPM
B)6 LPM
Appropriate assessment and care of a patient with abdominal pain includes: A)palpating the femoral pulses B) Palpating in the abdomen in all four quadrants C) applying ice packets to the abdomen D) applying heat packets to the abdomen
B)Palpating the abdomen in all four quadrants
Care for a patient with a painful, swollen, and deformed extremity includes all the following EXCEPT: A) calming and reassuring the patient B) administering aspirin C) immobilizing at the extremity D) applying a rigid or soft split
B)administering aspirin
A patient has bright red blood spurting from a laceration on his leg. This bleeding is best described as: A)capillary bleeding B)arterial bleeding C)aortic bleeding D)venous bleeding
B)arterial bleeding
A patient who is not breathing should receive oxygen via: A)nonrebreather face mask B)bag-valve mask C)nasal cannula D)venturi mask
B)bag-valve mask
You have placed the AED on the patient and turned it on. The AED delivers a message that is analyzing the heart rhythm. You should next: A)quickly check a carotid pulse B)start CPR C)ensure that no one is touching the patient D)deliver two rescue breaths
C)ensure that no one is touching the patient
SCENARIO A 47-year-old male was walking across the street when he was struck by an oncoming car. You find him conscious and alert. Your partner has taken spinal restrictions, and you ensure that he has no compromise to the airway or circulation. He complains of abdominal pain,back pain, and pain in his left leg. You explain that the ambulance is on the way, and you begin a more detailed exam. Pain to the abdomen in this area is of concern because the _____ could be injured and cause considerable bleeding within the abdomen. A)liver B)spleen C)gallbladder D)stomach
B)spleen
You should assist in administering oral glucose to a hypoglycemic patient only if: A)the patient is able to answer questions B)the patient can assist in the process and swallow C)you are told to do so by medical direction D)the patients blood glucose level is known
B)the patient can assist in the process and swallow
Blood pressure is a measurement of: A)the total blood volume in the body B)the pressure against the walls of the arteries C)the amount of fluid in the body D)the mount of blood ejected from the heart during each beat
B)the pressure against the walls of the arteries
You arrive at the local climbing gym to care for a patient who fell from approximately 20 feet onto a concrete floor. The patient is alert but confused. Your physical exam reveals pale skin, an unstable pelvis, abdominal bruising, and a deformed left forearm. You would classify this patient as: A)mortally wounded B)unstable due to multisystem trauma C)low priority D)stable since he is alert
B)unstable due to multisystem trauma
The model used for the command, control, and coordination of resources at a large-scale emergency is called: A) incident control structure B) emergency response system C) emergency command structure D) incident command system
C) emergency command structure
Care for respiratory distress and infants and children should be: A) performed after a parent or guardian arrives from work B) delayed until vital signs are taken C) immediate D) delayed
C) immediate
Which of the following is NOT an item typically found in a field OB kit? A) sheets and blankets B) personal protective equipment C) infant AED pads D) bulb syringe
C) infant AED pads
You noticed that your elderly patient seems to be having trouble hearing you. You should position yourself in front of the patient and: A) write questions down B) only ask the family questions C) speak clearly and slowly D) speak loudly and repeat yourself
C) speak clearly and slowly
A 15-year-old boy is having a generalized seizure in a classroom at school. Appropriate care for this patient includes all the following EXCEPT: A)placing a blanket under the patients head B) moving furniture away from the patient C) holding his head firmly to prevent head injury D) applying oxygen
C)Holding his head family to prevent head injury
When a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus it is considered: A)a miscarriage B)preeclampsia C)an ectopic pregnancy D)supine hypotension syndrome
C)an ectopic pregnancy
The information contained in the narrative section of your patient care report should be: A)a review of your opinions on how care was delivered B)lengthy and include information on the patients religious orientation C)as objective as possible D)written in simple terms so the patients family may review it later
C)as objective as possible
SCENARIO A 47-year-old male was walking across the street when he was struck by an oncoming car. You find him conscious and alert. Your partner has taken spinal restriction, and you ensure that he has no compromise to the airway or circulation. He complains of abdominal pain, back pain, and pain in his left leg. You explain that the ambulance is on the way, and you begin a more detailed exam. This patients back pain makes you suspicious of injury to the kidneys. The kidneys are contained: A)within the pelvic cavity B)within the abdominal cavity C)behind the abdominal cavity D)behind the thoracic cavity
C)behind the abdominal cavity
An acute respiratory condition found in infants and children is characterized by a barking type of cough is known as: A)bronchiolitis B)epiglottis C)croup D)asthma
C)croup
The most common type of emergency move is the: A)carrier B)emergency move C)drag D)rescuer move
C)drag
The body system important in regulation of blood sugar through hormone response is the________. A)nervous B)circulatory C)endocrine D)digestive
C)endocrine
The ulna and tibia are bones found in the: A)legs B)spinal column C)extremities D)arms
C)extremities
You are called for an elderly man who was found lying on the sidewalk early on the on a cold winter morning. He has a light jacket on, but it appears he has been outside overnight. There is a pile of mail scattered nearby. Your assessment shows that his extremities are very cold and he seems disoriented. He groans when you palpate his pelvis. You should suspect he is suffering from: A) A closed head injury B) A medication overdose C) hypothermia D) Alzheimer's disease
C)hypothermia
A 32-year-old male is a victim of multiple gunshot wound to the chest. His airway is patent, and he is breathing four times per minute was with shallow tidal volume. His skin is cool, pale, and diaphoretic, and his pulse is weak and rapid. You should FIRST: A)perform a rapid secondary exam B)immobilize the patient to a long spine board C)initiate positive pressure ventilations D)classify the patient as a high priority
C)initiate positive pressure ventilations
Which of the following patent populations is likely to experience "classic" signs of cardiac compromise, such as chest pain radiating to the left arm? A)women B)diabetic patients C)middled aged Caucasian males D)elderly patients
C)middled aged Caucasian males
SCENARIO You and your partner are responding to a patient who passed out in a store. Your patient is a 21-year-old male who started to his friend that he was feeling light-headed. Upon arrival you find your patient on the floor. He has a respiration rate of 6 with heavy breathing, and his teeth are clenched. A)oropharyngeal airway B)soft airway C)nasopharyngeal airway D)snoring
C)nasopharyngeal airway
You have received an order over the phone from the Medical Director to administer oxygen to the patient. This would be called: A)hospital direction B)off-line medical direction C)on-line medical direction D)EMS coordinator direction
C)on-line medical direction
To perform adequate compressions for a child under 8 years of age: A)depress the sternum one-quarter to one-half the depth of the chest B)place one hand on the midsternum and cover it with the other hand C)place the heel of one hand at the imaginary nipple line over the sternum D)use the ring and middle finger of one hand on the middle of the sternum
C)place the heel of one hand at the imaginary nipple line over the sternum
SCENARIO You have been called to attend to a chest pain patient at the local apartment complex. This patient is found on the third floor of the complex. The patient has a history of angina and wants to be transported to the hospital. After assessment and beginning treatment,, you and your partner formulate a plan for taking the patient down to the unit. A)prone B)recovery C)semi-sitting D)supine
C)semi-sitting
Checking skin signs is a way of evaluating a patients perfusion. Perfusion is best described as: A)the movement of fluids in the body B)the removal of waste from cells and tissues C)the delivery of oxygenated blood to the cells and tissues D)the exchange of gas and carbon dioxide in the alveoli
C)the delivery of oxygenated blood to the cells and tissues
All are reasons that an Emergency Medical Responder should have an accurate and well-documented report EXCEPT: A)the report is used for billing information B)the report is a legal document C)the report provides information to the family D)the report documents continuity of care
C)the report provides information to the family
Young children are more prone to head injuries because: A)the bones of their head are not fused B)they are often unstable on their feet C)their heads are very large compared to their body size D)they are more likely to be victims of abuse
C)their heads are very large compared to their body size
The bag-valve mask works best when you have ________ Emergency Medical Responders. A)one B)three C)two D)four
C)two
Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock? A) The heart is unable to pump blood effectively through the body B) The body retains fluid and causes high blood pressure C) blood vessels relax and cause a drop in blood pressure D) A lack of total blood volume causes poor perfusion
D) A lack of total blood volume causes poor perfusion
What should the emergency medical responder do prior to entering a building through a window? A) determine that the patient is not lying on the other side of the window B) visually inspect the floor for damage C) poke the floor for signs of weakness D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Which of the following is NOT included in the START triage assessment? A) check ability to walk B) check breathing C) check mental status D) check for fractures
D) check for fractures
Which of the following is NOT a method of gaining access to a patient who is in a vehicle? A) opening doors B) going through a window C) prying a door open D) cutting a hole in the floor of the car
D) cutting a hole in the floor of the car
Injuries to the chest can be life-threatening because: A) damage to the stomach and kidneys cause significant blood loss B) chest injury is cause a lot of pain C) chest injury patients are at great risk for infection sepsis D) damage to the lungs and chest wall can greatly affect perfusion
D) damage to the lungs and chest wall can greatly affect perfusion
Which of the following is a commonly seen as a result of The aging process? A) widening of the aorta B) increased electrical conduction in the heart C) increased sensitivity to pain D) enlargement of the left ventricle
D) enlargement of the left ventricle
You are interviewing a 98-year-old female with chest pain. All of the following are strategies for communicating with a geriatric patient EXCEPT: A)speaking slowly and clearly B)asking a family member for information if the patient seems confused C)being patient and allowing ample time for questions to be answered D)calling the patients physician for information
D)calling the patients physician for information
Which of the following is NOT typically a cause of a multiple casualty incident? A) highway collisions B) explosions C) hazardous material incidents D) cardiac arrest
D)cardiac arrest
The most appropriate location to assess a pulse in an unresponsive patient is the: A)radial artery B)distal artery C)femoral artery D)carotid artery
D)carotid artery
To lift and carry the patient, you and your partner want to use appropriate body mechanics and lifting techniques to prevent any injury to yourselves. All of the following are appropriate techniques for safe moving and lifting EXCEPT: A)using your legs, not your back to do the lifting B)never twisting or making moves other than the lift C)positioning your feet shoulder width apart D)carrying the weight away from your body
D)carrying the weight away from your body
You receive a call from a patient with the complaint of shortness of breath, fever, and coughing. The first priority for you in managing this situation should be to: A)confirm that the patient has a pulse and signs of circulation B)determine the patients level of responsiveness C)ensure the patient has a patent airway and is breathing D)confirm personal safety and personal protective equipment
D)confirm personal safety and personal protective equipment
Which of the following is the most effective way to assess a patients respiratory rate? A)count respirations for 2 minutes and divide by 4 B)count respirations for 10 seconds and multiply by 6 C)count respirations for 6 seconds and multiply by 10 D)count respirations for 30 seconds and multiply by 2
D)count respirations for 30 seconds and multiply by 2
The material applied directly to a wound to cover it and control bleeding is called a: A)bandage B)4x4 C)cravat D)dressing
D)dressing
While working as an Emergency Medical Responder you have a legal responsibility to provide care. This is called: A)Good Samaritan law B)scope of practice C)ethics D)duty to act
D)duty to act
It is important for that emergency medical responder to assume any women of childbearing age with abdominal pain is pregnant until proven otherwise because: A) some women are likely to lie about being pregnant B) pregnant women have an increased risk of pneumothorax C) pregnancy causes an increased likelihood of septic infection D) early pregnancy complications can be life threatening
D)early pregnancy complications can be life threatening
Which of the following situations presents the highest risk of exposure to an infectious disease? A)wearing gloves when you care for a patient B)driving code 3 to an emergency C)assisting with extricating a patient from a wrecked vehicle D)handling equipment that has blood on it
D)handling equipment that has blood on it
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate to ask the parent of a child who has had a seizure? A)when did the child eat breakfast? B)when was the last time the child went to the doctor? C)does the child have any allergies? D)had the child had a fever?
D)has the child had a fever?
The alternate version of the START triage system used for pediatric patient is known as: A)childSTART B)pedSTART C)headSTART D)jumpSTART
D)jumpSTART
SCENARIO You are caring for a 6-year-old female who the family says has been very sick since last night. She had a fever, but they felt it was just the flu. Today the child became worse and complained of her neck hurting and being stiff. The child is now unresponsive and is not breathing. You have been ventilating her with a bag-valve device attached to oxygen until ALS arrives and takes over care and transports. Your patient may have a contagious disease that will require you to follow up with further treatment if exposed. You consider that the patient may be suffering from: A)hepatitis B)HIV/AIDS C)tuberculosis D)meningitis
D)meningitis
all of the following are signs or symptoms of decompression sickness EXCEPT: A) numbness or paralysis B) muscle and joint pain C)skin blotches or mottling D)nasal congestion
D)nasal congestion
You suspect that a 23-year-old female had a blood clot in her lungs, which is causing a drop in blood pressure and signs of shock. This category of shock would be best described as: A)vascular shock B)arterial shock C)hemorrhagic shock D)obstructive shock
D)obstructive shock
Which of the following is NOT part of the minimum data set included in the patient care report? A)nature of the call B)time of arrival on scene C)vital signs D)patients insurance status
D)patients insurance status
You read a patient care report that states that the "patient was attempting to perform a dangerous trick on her skateboard." What is wrong with writing this in a patient care report? A)the information is not true B)the information is true C)the information is objective D)the information is subjective
D)the information is subjective
As an Emergency Medical Responder, your first concern at the scene of an emergency is: A)the protection of bystanders B)gathering a detailed medical history C)the well-being of your patient D)the safety of you and your fellow responders
D)the safety f you and your fellow responders
The lower airways refers to: A) The space from the nose and mouth to the larynx B) The space from the bronchioles to the alveoli C)the structures and passages above the larynx D)the structures and passages below the larynx
D)the structures and passages below the larynx
An Emergency Medical Responder provides emergency care: A)only if the injuries are life-threatening B)until the patient arrives at the hospital C)every time an emergency happens D)until EMTs or paramedics take over care
D)until EMTs or paramedics take over care
Decontamination of patients occurs in the ______ zone A)working B)cold C)hot D)warm
D)warm
Which of the following is a late sign or symptom of a localized cold emergency? A)tingling sensation B)slow capillary refill C)soft skin D)white, waxy skin
D)white, waxy skin
A patient who has a partial airway obstruction would have all the following signs EXCEPT: A)noisy breathing B)being unable to cough C)stridor D)snoring
being unable to cough