EMT 100: Mod 5 Ch. 28

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause: A) Distention. B) Nausea or vomiting. C) Diffuse bruising D) Referred pain.

A) Distention.

Peritonitis, an intense inflammatory reaction of the abdominal cavity, usually occurs when: A) Hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents. B) Bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. C) Solid abdominal organs bleed secondary to penetrating trauma. D) The vessels that supply the abdominal organs become inflamed.

A) Hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

7: When a patient has his or her knees drawn up to the chest to minimize abdominal pain, it is called: A) guarding. B) tenderness. C) gasping. D) peritonitis.

A) guarding.

12: What is usually the primary complaint of a patient with an abdominal injury? A) pain B) shortness of breath C) swelling D) guarding

A) pain

2: When solid organs are injured, the EMT should suspect: A) severe internal bleeding. B) pain. C) tenderness. D) peritonitis.

A) severe internal bleeding.

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A) Covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings. B) Applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. C) Requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication. D) Administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

B) Applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie: A) Across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. B) Below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints. C)Across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints. D) Above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints.

B) Below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for: A) External genitalia injury. B) Blunt injury to the kidney. C) A lacerated liver or spleen. D) A ruptured urinary bladder.

B) Blunt injury to the kidney.

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: A) Results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full. B) May decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart. C) Is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort. D) Often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression.

B) May decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: A) It will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. B) Peritonitis may not develop for several hours. C) The abdomen will become instantly distended. D) It commonly protrudes through the injury site.

B) Peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

11: An abdominal injury caused by a small caliber handgun would be considered a _________ injury. A) low-velocity B) medium-velocity C) high-velocity D) blast

B) medium-velocity

10: Because of supine hypotensive syndrome, a pregnant patient should be placed in what position when a backboard is not necessary? A) on her right side B) on her left side C) on her back with her head up D) on her back with her feet up

B) on her left side

3: What is the soft tissue landmark used in determining the four quadrants of the abdomen? A)pubic symphysis B) umbilicus C) iliac crest D) costal arch

B) umbilicus

The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury: A) Is most commonly caused by severe pain. B) Is always accompanied by hypotension. C) Should be assumed to be a sign of shock. D) Indicates a state of decompensated shock.

C) Should be assumed to be a sign of shock.

6: When dealing with an evisceration, the EMT should: A) replace protruding organs. B) cover the wound with a dry dressing. C) cover the wound with a wet sterile dressing. D) clean the organs and replace them in the abdominal cavity.

C) cover the wound with a wet sterile dressing.

9: When there is blunt trauma to the kidney area and blood appears in the urine, this is called: A) hematoma. B) hematocrit. C) hematuria. D) hemothorax.

C) hematuria.

8: Which organ in the urinary system is a solid organ? A) ureter B) bladder C) kidney D) urethra

C) kidney

1: Which of the following organs is not a hollow organ? A) bladder B) intestine C) liver D) ureter

C) liver

A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should: A) Carefully probe the wound to determine its depth. B) Clean the wound and apply a dry, sterile dressing. C) Transport only if signs of shock begin to develop. D) Assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

D) Assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct? A) The liver is well protected and is rarely injured during a traumatic event. B) Most of the vital abdominal organs lie within the retroperitoneal space. C) Hollow abdominal organs are vascular and bleed profusely when injured. D) The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

D) The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

13: Bruises known as the Grey Turner sign may suggest injury to what organ? A) liver B) spleen C) kidney D) all of the above

D) all of the above

14: Which of the following is true regarding injuries to the external genitalia? A) They are usually not life-threatening. B) They are usually quite painful. C) Bleeding may be severe. D) all of the above

D) all of the above

5: When you suspect an internal injury to the abdomen, you should always: A) take cervical and spinal precautions. B) treat for shock. C) administer high-flow oxygen. D) all of the above

D) all of the above

4: Bruising of the upper right quadrant might lead the EMT to suspect an internal injury to the: A) stomach. B) bladder. C) spine. D) liver.

D) liver.