EMT-B chap 15

expiratory wheezing.

At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:

increased carbon dioxide levels.

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

Alveoli

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

respiratory patients

"PASTE" is an alternate assessment tool for ___________.

epinephrine.

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatments is MOST appropriate for this patient?

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

deep and rapid.

A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations:

Ventolin

Albuterol is a generic name for:

immune system.

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

air passing through fluid

Crackles (rales) are caused by _________.

transport rapidly.

During the primary assessment, you determine your patient has a life-threatening emergency. You should now:

stridor.

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

bronchiolitis.

His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

secondary respiratory drive

The hypoxic drive is the body's _________.

chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.

The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:

inspiration and expiration.

The two processes that occur during respiration are:

Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?

abnormal breath sounds.

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

Severe anxiety

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?

Upper airway

Which of the following filters, warms, and humidifies air during inhalation?

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?

Alupent

Which of the following is a common MDI drug?

Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections?

Lung sounds

Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient?

Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen, but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood.

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?

Aspiration pneumonia

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions?

Jugular vein distention

You are assessing a patient with respiratory distress and are unsure if the cause is congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following clinical signs would be the MOST helpful in determining whether the patient has CHF or COPD?

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:

epiglottitis

You are attending to a 28-year-old female patient in severe respiratory distress. The patient has had a high fever all day, and the respiratory distress came on very quickly. Your patient is now sitting in a chair, leaning forward with her hands on her knees. She is making high-pitched sounds with each breath and does not seem to be moving very much air. Based on this information, your patient is likely suffering from:

viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from:

pertussis

You are attending to a 5-year-old male patient who has had a cold and fever for the last two days. His parents became concerned when he started having coughing spells that would last for over a minute, during which he would turn blue. After the coughing attack, his parents reported that he seemed to be sucking the air back in. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

tuberculosis.

You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

You are attending to a 6-year-old female patient. Her parents tell you that she has been sick for the last three days with the respiratory infection that has been going around her school. They became concerned when she stopped drinking fluids, and they could not get her to take in any liquids. The patient is showing signs of significant dehydration. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

pulmonary embolus

Your elderly patient recently had surgery. She now complains of a sudden onset of dyspnea and sharp chest pain. You should suspect ___________.

hypoxic drive

Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________.

normal breathing

Your patient is complaining of fatigue. She is breathing at 18 breaths per minute, has equal chest rise and fall, and has clear lung sounds. She is presenting with signs of ___________.