EMT B Chapter 14-15 Quiz

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? -Early pulmonary edema -Widespread atelectasis -Aspiration pneumonia -Acute asthma attack

Aspiration pneumonia

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections? -Celiac sprue -Multiple sclerosis -Severe acute respiratory syndrome -Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient? -Lung sounds -Orthostatic vital signs -Distal pulse, motor, sensation -Blood glucose levels

Lung sounds

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses? -MRSA -Whooping cough -H1N1 -Avian flu

MRSA

Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct? -Studies have shown that fewer than 1% of health care providers are MRSA carriers. -MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. -Most cases of MRSA transmission occur following an accidental needlestick. -The communicable period for MRSA is 10 days to 2 weeks after being infected.

MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? -Baseline vital signs -Medical history -Index of suspicion -Primary assessment

Medical history

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia? -Narcotic overdose -Severe anxiety -Pleural effusion -Pulmonary edema

Severe anxiety

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations? -Difficulty breathing, two-word dyspnea, and tachycardia -Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg -Conscious and alert patient with an oxygen saturation of 85% -Pulmonary edema, history of hypertension, and anxiety

Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? -Acute pulmonary embolism -Rupture of the diaphragm -Exacerbation of his COPD -Spontaneous pneumothorax

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? -Depression -Substance abuse -Alzheimer disease -Schizophrenia

Substance abuse

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing? -20 breaths/min with shallow movement of the chest wall and pallor -24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin -30 breaths/min with supraclavicular retractions and clammy skin -22 breaths/min with an irregular pattern of breathing and cyanosis

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service? -61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes -50-year-old conscious woman with severe nausea and vomiting, fever, and chills of 3 days' duration -29-year-old woman who is 18 weeks pregnant, has light vaginal bleeding, and stable vital signs -43-year-old man experiencing a heart attack, and the closest appropriate hospital is 15 minutes away

61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus? -68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes -12-year-old child with a fractured arm -39-year-old man with mild hypertension -50-year-old woman moderate obesity

68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? -Trachea -Alveoli -Bronchi -Capillaries

Alveoli

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: -transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital. -perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. -have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away. -limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: -perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly. -administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible. -load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital. -manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.

manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________. -medical history -nature of illness -associated symptoms -field diagnosis

nature of illness

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. -neurologic -endocrine -respiratory -cardiac

neurologic

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should: -reassess her blood pressure in 5 minutes. -obtain a manual blood pressure. -prepare for immediate transport. -conclude that she has hypertension.

obtain a manual blood pressure.

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: -the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed. -the percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen. -oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. -there must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion.

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of: -uncontrolled outbreaks. -epidemics. -pandemics. -parasitic infection.

pandemics.

A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should: -have her breathe into a paper or plastic bag. -request a paramedic to give her a sedative. -position her on her left side and transport at once. -provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.

provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with: -headache. -high blood pressure. -respiratory distress. -abdominal pain.

respiratory distress.

"PASTE" is an alternate assessment tool for ___________. cardiac patients stroke patients seizure patients -respiratory patients

respiratory patients

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: -shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. -a complete cessation of respiratory effort. -a marked increase in the exhalation phase. -labored breathing with reduced tidal volume.

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to: -notify law enforcement. -contact medical control. -quickly access the patient. -take standard precautions.

take standard precautions.

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: -it is during the general impression that assessment of the ABCs occurs. -the majority of medical patients you encounter are also injured. -the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first. -most serious medical conditions do not present with obvious symptoms.

the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.

You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: -pneumonia. -tuberculosis. -chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). i-nfluenza Type A.

tuberculosis.

You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from: -inflammation of the bronchioles. -bacterial infection of the epiglottis. -inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and bronchospasm. -viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: -you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient. -you contracted the disease by casual contact instead of exposure to secretions. -you are actively infected with tuberculosis and should be treated immediately. -the disease is dormant in your body, but will probably never cause symptoms.

you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a: -trauma emergency. -medical emergency. -combination of a medical and trauma emergency. -combination of a psychiatric and trauma emergency.

combination of a medical and trauma emergency.

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they: -cough. -have a fever. -are bleeding. -vomit.

cough.

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: -albuterol. -an antihistamine. -epinephrine. -a beta-antagonist.

epinephrine.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as: -fluid accumulation outside the lung. -a unilaterally collapsed lung. -diffuse collapsing of the alveoli. -a bacterial infection of the lung tissue.

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should: -examine the patient from head to toe. -focus on his or her chief complaint. -only palpate tender areas of the abdomen. -prepare the patient for transport first.

focus on his or her chief complaint.

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: -get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. -wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient. -routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients. -ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad.

get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: -is less resistant to treatment. -is a more contagious type of disease. -has a greater ability to produce disease. -leads to chronic infection after exposure.

has a greater ability to produce disease.

Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________. -CO2 drive -hypoxic drive -COPD drive -alternate drive

hypoxic drive

Asthma is caused by a response of the: -endocrine system. -immune system. -cardiovascular system. -respiratory system.

immune system.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should: -insert an oropharyngeal airway and perform oral suctioning. -insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation. -place her in the recovery position and monitor for vomiting. -apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and transport at once.

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: -immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition. -allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation. -instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. -advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption.

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has: -diminished breath sounds. -normal breath sounds. -abnormal breath sounds. -an absence of breath sounds.

abnormal breath sounds.

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________. -correct the patient's underlying problem -reduce the need for transport to the hospital -address the patient's symptoms -confirm the patient's diagnosis

address the patient's symptoms

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should: -begin with a low oxygen flow rate, even if the patient is unresponsive, because high-flow oxygen may depress his or her breathing. -recall that most patients with chronic lung diseases are stimulated to breathe by increased carbon dioxide levels. -avoid positive-pressure ventilation because the majority of patients with chronic lung disease are at increased risk for lung trauma. -adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made: -after the primary assessment has been completed. -upon completion of a detailed secondary assessment. -once the patient's baseline vital signs are known. -as soon as the patient voices his or her chief complaint.

after the primary assessment has been completed.

Crackles (rales) are caused by _________. -severe bronchoconstriction -air passing through fluid -narrowing of the upper airways -mucus in the larger airways

air passing through fluid

His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: -epiglottitis. -bronchiolitis. -pertussis. -croup.

bronchiolitis.

In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve: -checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin. -palpating the carotid pulse to determine the approximate rate and checking capillary refill time. -taking a blood pressure and determining if the patient is alert and oriented or confused. -applying a pulse oximeter probe to the finger to determine if peripheral perfusion is adequate.

checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin.

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________. -seizures -a low blood glucose level -abdominal pain -a fever

a fever

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: -a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body. -any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. -a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms. -the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs.

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.