EMT-Basic

12-29 breaths/min

Adult breathing rate

tachycardia

High heart rate (Above 160)

glucose

Trade name:insta-glucose Action: increases blood sugar levels indications:altered mental status AND history of diabetes Contraindications: unresponsive, inability to swallow dose: one tube Oral Supplies: gel

critical incident stress management

a comprehencive system that includes education and resources to both prevent stress and to deal with stress appropriately

cardiac conduction system

a system of specialized muscle tissues which conduct electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

multiple-casualty incident

an emergency involving multiple patients

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

Veins

carry blood toward the heart

physiology

study of function

mandible

the lower jaw bone

arteriole

the smallest kind of artery

pulmonary veins

the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

larynx

the voice box

pulse

60-100 bpm

Aspirin (Acetylsalicyclic acid)

Action: pain reliever, fever reducer, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet indication: cardiac related chest pain Contraindication: allergy, recently taken the med, recent GI bleed Side effects: upset stomach, heartburn Dose: 81 mg up to 324 mg (1-4 tablets) oral supplied: chewable pills

Oxygen

Action:increases levels of O2 in the blood indications: hypoxia, known or suspected dose: 6lpm NC (44%), 12 lpm NRB (90%), 15 lpm BVM (100%) Inhaled supplied: compressed gas

Breathing Rates

Adults: 12-19 Children: 15-30 Infants: 25-50

From the body--> Vena Cava-->SA Node-->Right atrium-->Right Ventricle-->AV Node-->pulmonary artery-->lungs-->pulmonary vein-->left atrium-->left ventricle-->Aorta-->body

Blood's pathway

Levels of EMS training

First Responder, EMT, EMT-intermediate, EMT paramedic

Fowler's Position

In a stretcher sitting up

Trendelenburg Position

Laying down with their legs elevated (Shock)

Left Lower Quadrant

Left kidney, colon, small intestines, major artery and vein to the left leg, ureter

Right Upper Quadrant

Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder

Left Upper Quadrant

Liver, Spleen, Left Kidney, Stomach, Colon Pancreas

12

Number of bones in the thoracic spine

Left Lateral Recumbent

Recovery position, patient ends up on their left side, with their left arm folded under their head

Right Lower Quadrant

Right Kidney, Colon, Small Intestines, Major artery and vein to the right leg, Ureter, Apendix

scapula

Shoulder Blade

HIPAA

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed

TRAMP

Time, Route, Amount, Medication, Patient

nitroglycerin

Trade Name: nitrostat, nitrolingual Action: relaxes blood vessels, decreases workload of heart indication: chest pain and history of cardiac problems and prescribed Nitro Contraindication: bradycardia, tachycardia, head injury, systolic BP greater than 120, recently taken med for erectile dysfunction Side effect: hypotension, headache .4 mg pill or 1 spray sublingual supplied: tablet, sublingual spray

Activated Charcoal

Trade Names: Superchar, Insta-char, liqui-char Action: Binds to some poisons preventing absorpotion Indications: Ingested poison Don't give if (contraindications): altered mental status, ingested acids or alkalis, inability to swallow Side Effects: black stool, vomiting Dose:1g/kg of body weight Oral supplied: suspension

Epinephrine

Trade name: adrenaline Actions: causes bronchiole dilation and contraction of blood vessels (Vasoconstrictor and broncodialator) Indiction: anaphylaxis-respiratory distress, hypoperfusion side effects: increased heart rate, chest pain, dissiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, excitability dose: .3mg adults, .15 mg children intramuscular supplied: .3 in auto injector (adult or greater than 66 lbs) .15 in auto injector (child or 33-66 lbs)

Albuterol

Trade name: proventil, ventolin Action: B-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, smooth muscle relaxant Indication: Respiratory distress in pts diagnostic with asthma Contraindications:angina, MI, arrhythmia, CHF (Congestive heart failure) side effects: headache, palpitations, diziness, insomnia, tremors, sweating, N&V, dry mouth Dose: 1 dose from MDI, 2.5 mg in 3ml w/ nebulizer inhaled supplies: MDI (meter dose inhaler)- powdered med and propellant, 2.5mg in 3 ml saline

scene is hazardous, life-threatening condition requires move, patient must be moved to reach a critical patient

Use emergency moves when....

negligence

a finding of failure to act properly in a situation in which there was a duty to act, that needed care as would reasonably be expected of the EMT was not provided, and that harm was caused to the patient as a result

pancreas

a gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

epiglottis

a leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

DNR

a legal document, usually signed by the patient and his physician, which states that the patient and his physician, which state that the patient has a terminal illness and does not wish to prolong life through resuscitation efforts

power lift

a lift from a squatting position with weight to be lifted close to the body, feet apart and flat on the ground, body weight on or just behind balls of feet, back locked in. the upper body is raised before the hips

mid-axillary line

a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle

extremity lift

a method of lifting and carrying a patient during which one rescuer slips hands under patient's armpits and grasps the wrists, which another rescuer grasps the patient's knees

draw-sheet method

a method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher by grasping and pulling the loosened bottom sheet of the bed

direct carry

a method of transferring a patient from bed to stretcher, during which two or more rescuers curl the patient to their chests, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher

exhalation

a passive process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs

organ donor

a person who has completed a legal document that allows for donation of organs and tissues in the event of death

Medical director

a physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for the patient care aspects of the EMS system

standing orders

a policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMT's and others to perform particular skills in certain situations

Trendelenburg Position

a position in which the patients feet and legs are higher than the head (Shock position)

quality improvement

a process of continuous self-review with the purpose of identifying and correcting aspects of the system that require improvement

gallbladder

a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver

Good Samaritan Laws

a series of laws, varying in each state, designed, to provide limited legal protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administering emergency care

scope of practice

a set of regulations and ethical considerations that define the scope, or extent and limits, of the EMT's job

Fowler's Position

a sitting position

appendix

a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the RLQ of the ab, then function of which is not well known; best known for it's inflammation which is appendicitis

stress

a state of physical and/or psychological arousal to a stimulus

standard precautions

a strict form of infection control that is based on the assumption that all blood and other body fluids are infectious

valve

a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction

911 System

a system for telephone access to report emergencies. A dispatcher takes the information and alerts EMS or the fire or police department as needed

capillary

a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place

Designated agent

an EMT or other person authorized by a medical director to give medications and provide emergency car.

inhalation

an active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs

duty to act

an obligation to provide care to a patient

spleen

an organ located in the LUQ of the ab that acts as a blood filtering system and a reservoirs for reserves of blood

tarsal

ankle bone

artery

any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

vein

any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

radial artery

artery of the lower arm. it is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist

brachial artery

artery of the upper arm; site of the pulse checked during infant CPR

posterior tibial artery

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

dorsalis pedis artery

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

inferior

away from the head; usually compared with another structure that is closer to the head

liability

being held legally responsible

coronary arteries

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart

CNS

brain and spinal cord

Nervous system

brain, spinal cord and nerves that govern sensation, movement and thought

sternum

breastbone

inadequate breathing

breathing effort; increased use of accessory muscles especially in infants and children; cyanotic skin, cool, clammy; agonal respirations

15-30 b/m

children breathing rate

proximal

closer to the torso

WBC

components of the blood, produce substances that help the body fight infection

RBC

components of the blood. carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide from cells

platelets

components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

expressed consent

consent given by adults who are of legal age and mentally competent to make a rational decision in regard to their medical well-being

On-line medical direction

consists of orders from the on-duty physician given directly to an EMT in the field by radio or telephone

Off-Line medical direction

consists of standing orders issued by the medical director that allow EMT's to give certain medications or perform certain procedures without speaking to the medical director or another physician

QI

continuous self-review to identify aspects of the system that require improvement to ensure that the public receives the highest quality prehospital care

autonomic NS

division of the PNS that controls involuntary motor function

PPE

equipment that protects the EMS worker from infection and or exposure to the dangers of rescue operations

distal

farther away from the torso

zygomatic arches

form the structure of the cheeks

smooth muscle

found in gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, blood vessels; controls the flow of materials through these structures; carris out automatic muscular functions; no conscious control; responds to stimuli such as heat, cold and stretching

abdominal quadrants

four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the right lower quadrant and the left lower quadrant

power grip

gripping with as much hand surface as possible in contact with the objects being lifted, all fingers bent at the same angle, hands at least 10 inches apart

metacarpals

hand bones

Bradycardia

heart beating too slow

cover

hides and protects your body

concealment

hides body

epinephrine

hormone produced by the body, as a med it dilated the respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions

insulin

hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

hypoperfusion

inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries

25-50 b/m

infants breathing rate

xiphoid process

inferior portion of the sternum

patella

kneecap

carotid arteries

large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood blood from the heart to the head

liver

largest internal organ of the body, produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

skin

layer of tissue between the body and the external environment

subcutaneous layers

layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

abandonment

leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before the patient has been transferred to someone with equal or great medical training

cyanosis

lips turning blue

protocols

lists of steps, such as assessments and interventions, to be taken in different situations

supine

lying on the back

recovery position

lying on the side. also called the lateral recumbent position

voluntary muscle

muscle that can be conscious controlled; attaches to bones; forms the major muscle mass of the body, responsible for movement

involuntary muscle

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

small intestine

muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls

large intestine

muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and removes anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

stomach

musuclar sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins

PNS

nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cords

5

number of bones in lumbar spine

4

number of bones in the coccyx spine

5

number of bones in the sacral spine

bilateral

on both sides

epidermis

outer layer of the skin

trachea narrower, trachea softer, more flexible, airway structures smaller, cricoid not well developed, chest wall softer, tongue proportionally larger than an adults

pediatric airway

consent

permission from the patient for care or other action by the EMT

blood pressure

pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels, usually arterial BP is measured

systolic BP

pressure created in the arteries when the left ventrical contracts and forces blood out into circulation

body mechanics

proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and preventing injury

malleolous

protrusion on the side of the ankle.

peripheral pulses

radial, brachial, posterior, tibial, dorsalis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral points of the body

dorsal

referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for posterior

ventral

referring to the front of the body. a synonym for anterior

palmer

referring to the palm of the hand

plantar

referring to the sole of the foot

arterioles

smallest arteries

venules

smallest veins

cardiac muscle

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart; has its own blood supply; contracts on its own

anatomy

study of the structure or form of living things

digestive system

system by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable form

musculoskeletal system

system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

endocrine system

system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

trachea

the 'windpipe'; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

vertebrae

the 33 bones of the spinal column

automaticity

the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

oropharynx

the area directly posterior to the mouth

pharynx

the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx

nasopharynx

the area directly posterior to the nose

posterior

the back of the body or body part

pelvis

the basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

humerus

the bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow

skeleton

the bones of the body

skull

the bony structure of the head

orbits

the bony structures around the eyes, the eye sockets

central pulses

the cartoid and femeral pulses, which can be felt in the center part of the body

thorax

the chest

clavicle

the collarbone

implied consent

the consent it is presumed a patient, or patient's parent/guardian would give if they could, such as for an unconscious patient or a parent who cannot be contacted when care is needed

plasma

the fluid portion of the blood

metatarsal

the foot bone

anterior

the front of the body or body

calcaneus

the heel bone

acromion process

the highest portion of the shoulder

dermis

the inner layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis

contamination

the introduction of dangerous chemicals, diseases, or infectious material

acromioclavicular joint

the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

femur

the large bone of the thigh

aorta

the largest artery in the body. transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation

fibula

the lateral and small bone of the lower leg

radius

the lateral bone of the forearm

mid-clavicular

the line through the center of the clavical

crime scene

the location where a crime has been committed or any place that evidence relating to a crime may be found

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

femoral artery

the major artery supplying the leg

tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

pubis

the medial anterior portion of the pelvis

alveoli

the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

diaphragm

the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration

nasal bones

the nose bones

7

the number of bones in the Cervical spine

confidentiality

the obligation not to revel information obtained about a patient except to other health care professionals involved in the patient's care, or under subpoena, or in a court of law, or when the patient has signed a release of confidentiality

pathogens

the organisms that cause infection, such as viruses and bacteria

lungs

the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place

acetabulum

the pelvis socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

joints

the point where two bones come together

diastolic BP

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

hazardous-material incident

the release of a harmful substance into the environment

decontamination

the removal or cleansing of dangerous chemicals and other dangerous chemicals and other dangerous or infectious materials

pulse

the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

cricoid cartilage

the ring-structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

venule

the smallest kind of vein

ilium

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

manubrium

the superior portion of the sternum

venae cavae

the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. Return blood from the body to the right atrium

perfusion

the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

cardiovascular system/circulatory system

the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels

respiratory system

the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide

phalanges

the toe and finger bones

cranium

the top, back and sides of the skull

torso

the trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities

maxillae

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

bronchi

the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi

ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and the left (sends oxygen rich blood to the body)

atria

the two upper chambers of the heart, there is a right (receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and the left (which sends oxygen-rich blood to the body)

muscle

tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

ligament

tissue that connects bone to bone

tendon

tissue that connects muscle to bone

lateral

to the side, away from the midline of the body

superior

toward the head.

medial

toward the midline of the body

assault/battery

unlawfully touching a patient without consent can be considered battery; providing care without consent

scene factors cause a decline in patient condition, treatment of patient's condition requires a move

urgent moves are done when....

pulmonary arteries

vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

carpals

wrist bones