EMT CH 29-36

You have arrived on the scene of an industrial plant where a female worker had a chemical splashed into her eye. She now complains of severe pain in the eye and is flushing it with tap water over a sink. Which question is it most important that the EMT ask first? "What is your past medical history?" "Are you wearing contact lenses?" "Do you take any medications?" "Have you ever had an eye injury before?"

"Are you wearing contact lenses?"

Which statement made by an EMT demonstrates an understanding of chest trauma? "In general, an open chest injury caused by blunt trauma is more life threatening than a closed one due to increased potential for blood loss." "Closed chest injuries are caused by blunt trauma, and can be just as serious as open chest injuries." "Open chest injuries are more serious than closed chest injuries, because air and bacteria can enter the chest through the open wound." "Closed chest injuries are caused by penetrating trauma and cause more life-threatening injuries than do open chest injuries."

"Closed chest injuries are caused by blunt trauma, and can be just as serious as open chest injuries."

A young female was thrown from a horse and is now confused. Assessment findings include an open airway, adequate breathing, and a strong radial pulse. Her vital signs are normal. Which question would be the most important to ask the patient's mother, who was riding with the patient, as soon as possible? "Does she have any medical problems?" "Are all of her immunizations up-to-date?" "Is she allergic to anything?" "Did she lose consciousness?"

"Did she lose consciousness?"

A construction worker complains of pain to both eyes after an extended period spent welding on a gas well. The light is bothering him, and he rates the pain as a 10/10. He states that this problem occurred once before and was caused by the intense light of his welding tool. The primary assessment reveals no deficits. The patient's vital signs are pulse, 80 beats/min; respirations, 14 breaths/min; blood pressure, 132/68 mmHg; and SpO2, 98%. Although the injury is very painful, his vision is not compromised. Which set of instructions indicates proper care of this patient? "Why don't we flush the eyes with the sterile saline on the ambulance?" "We will need to flush the eyes with bicarbonate to stop the burning." "Applying direct pressure very gently to both eyes may provide pain relief." "I do not think that we will need to provide supplemental oxygen."

"I do not think that we will need to provide supplemental oxygen."

Which response shows that the EMT is correctly assessing motor function in the arms of a patient with a potential spine injury? "Can you tell me which finger I am touching?" "I need you to flex both arms across your chest." "I am going to move your arm; tell me if it hurts." "I am going to feel for a pulse in your wrist."

"I need you to flex both arms across your chest."

A patient complaining of a headache states that he fell and struck the back of his head. Which statement by the patient should be of most concern to the EMT? "I lost my balance after stumbling on the rug." "I take a blood thinner for my heart." "I had a mini-stroke (TIA) five years ago." "I had my appendix out two weeks ago."

"I take a blood thinner for my heart."

You are by the side of an 88-year-old male who fell. He has a hematoma to his forehead as well as deformity to his left forearm. His daughter informs you that her father has severe dementia and she cares for him at home. As you assess him, he continually screams out, "Mary, help me. I need help!" At this time, which question is most appropriate to ask the daughter? "Was Mary his wife?" "Is this how he normally is?" "Do you know what he means by this?" "My mother suffers from dementia; it is a terrible disease, isn't it?"

"Is this how he normally is?"

A male patient was injured when a steam valve opened, causing hot steam to contact his face. Which statement made by the patient would be of most concern to the EMT and require immediate assessment or treatment? "I think the blisters are breaking." "The pain is excruciating!" "It is sort of hard to breathe." "I think my neck is also burned."

"It is sort of hard to breathe."

On scene at a college football game, a wide receiver is unresponsive after colliding with another player and forcefully taking a helmet to the chest. The athletic trainer reports that the patient is pulseless and apneic. Given the mechanism of injury and patient's presentation, which instruction would be appropriate? "Let's apply the AED and follow all prompts." "Use the AED but no CPR so we do not worsen the potential chest injury." "Someone start positive pressure ventilation while I check for a blood pressure." "Before we do anything, we need to put a cervical collar on the patient."

"Let's apply the AED and follow all prompts."

Which instruction would you provide to your team immediately after securing a patient with head, neck, and back pain to the long backboard with appropriate spine motion restriction equipment? "Loosen the collar so you can palpate the back of the neck." "Maintain manual cervical spine motion restriction until the patient is on the stretcher." "Let's check for extremity PMS before we move the patient to the stretcher." "Remove the chest strap so the patient can breathe more easily now that his head and legs are secured."

"Let's check for extremity PMS before we move the patient to the stretcher."

You are caring for a crying 30-month-old male who fell 16 feet from a second-story window, landing on a patch of soft dirt and leaves. He is alert and oriented and seems to have pain to his left shoulder and arm. Which instruction would you give to the team of EMS providers caring for this patient? "When we get him on the long board, place padding under his head." "I will need a blood pressure every 5 minutes to see if he is in shock." "It is important to keep him cool in the event he is in shock." "Let's make sure his SpO2 is greater than 95%."

"Let's make sure his SpO2 is greater than 95%."

An alert and oriented auto mechanic had his right thigh pinned between the bumpers of two cars. Assessment findings include deformity and swelling to the right hip area and mid-thigh, along with ecchymosis and swelling to the right knee. The patient complains of excruciating pain to the right leg. Which set of instructions given to other EMTs on the scene would be appropriate? "Let's put his leg in the traction splint to help align the femur and reduce pain." "Check for a pedal pulse and then carefully move the patient to the stretcher for transport." "We need to wrap the right leg in a pressure dressing and then elevate it for transport." "Let's provide spine motion restriction precautions now, get the patient in the ambulance, and then provide more care to the leg en route."

"Let's provide spine motion restriction precautions now, get the patient in the ambulance, and then provide more care to the leg en route."

Which statement about traction splints is true? "Once the traction splint has been positioned under the leg, and the ankle hitch is applied, manual traction can be released." "Mechanical traction should be applied until the affected leg is approximately 2 to 4 inches longer than the unaffected leg." "Mechanical traction should be applied until the mechanical traction is equal to the manual traction and the patient experiences a reduction in pain." "Once the mechanical traction has been applied, the ischial strap must be released to promote circulation into the affected leg."

"Mechanical traction should be applied until the mechanical traction is equal to the manual traction and the patient experiences a reduction in pain."

A patient has an injury to the elbow and forearm. While you are conducting the reassessment, which statement made by the patient should concern you most? "It hurts when I move my fingers." "My hand feels like it is going to sleep." "My arm seems to be bruising more." "I am still having a hard time moving my arm."

"My hand feels like it is going to sleep."

Which instructions would you provide to the Emergency Medical Responders when treating a patient who was punched in the eye and has blood visible in the anterior chamber? "It is important to keep pressure down in the eye, so we will transport the patient in a sitting position." "Let's apply a cold pack to the eye and immobilize the patient for transport." "Let's put a shield over the eye and bandage it in place to apply some pressure to the eye." "We will need to cover both eyes with patches before we transport the patient."

"We will need to cover both eyes with patches before we transport the patient."

What percentage of minor trauma involving pregnant patients results in fetal loss? 1-3 percent Less than 1 percent 6-12 percent 10-20 percent

1-3 percent

Starting at which age should the EMT consider transporting any injured patient to a trauma center? 70 years of age You Answered 65 years of age 60 years of age 55 years of age

55 years of age

In estimating the BSA affected by a burn, each upper extremity in an adult represents what percentage of the total body area? 9 percent 18 percent 7 percent 27 percent

9 percent

When triaging multiple burn patients, the EMT would recognize which patient as having the most critical burn? A 41-year-old patient with a partial-thickness burn to the upper left arm A 22-year-old patient with a partial-thickness burn to the right hand A 58-year-old patient with a scald burn to the anterior chest A 12-year-old patient with a superficial burn to the neck and chest

A 22-year-old patient with a partial-thickness burn to the right hand

A partial thickness burn covering 8 percent of the body would be considered moderate for which patient? A 40-year-old patient with accompanying superficial burns over 20 percent of the body A 30-year-old patient with burns to the genitalia A 25-year-old patient with sickle cell disease A 20-year-old patient with an accompanying high-voltage burn

A 25-year-old patient with sickle cell disease

Which statement about different musculoskeletal injuries is true? A sprain is an injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments Strains are injuries that occur to ligaments and the joints to which they are attached A fracture occurs when a tendon connecting muscle to a bone is overstretched and injured A dislocation occurs when the bone contained within a joint is broken

A sprain is an injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments

An intoxicated patient has suffered a burn to his left lateral thigh after passing out with his leg touching the side of a kerosene heater. Close examination of the burn reveals tough leathery tissue in the center of the burn, with red skin with blisters surrounding it. Regarding the burn, what would the EMT agree to be true? A. The central portion of the burn is a full-thickness burn and the surrounding portion is a partial-thickness burn B. The pain is originating from the more severely burned center of the injury C. The blister formation indicates that portion of the burn can be classified as full thickness D. The outer skin surrounding the burn can be medically described as eschar

A. The central portion of the burn is a full-thickness burn and the surrounding portion is a partial-thickness burn

An elderly female patient fell and now complains of right hip and right knee pain. When assessing her, which finding would you find most concerning? Swelling in the right knee Absent pedal pulse Crepitus at the right hip Ecchymosis in the right hip and knee

Absent pedal pulse

A patient has been splashed in the face with battery acid. He now complains of being unable to see anything and of severe burning to his face. You observe that he is holding both eyes tightly shut and has significant burns on his cheeks and eyelids. In this situation, the EMT would assess the eyes: Prior to assessing the airway After completing the primary assessment After determining the patient's level of consciousness Following implementation of spine motion restriction precautions

After completing the primary assessment

An Emergency Medical Responder asks you to explain a pneumothorax. You would explain that a pneumothorax occurs when: The trachea becomes obstructed, causing the lungs to collapse Air enters the lung and alveoli from a traumatic opening in the chest wall The lung becomes overinflated with air the patient is unable to breathe Air accumulates around the lung, causing a portion of it to collapse

Air accumulates around the lung, causing a portion of it to collapse

A 51-year-old male was burned in the face after a steam valve was accidentally opened at his industrial job. His face is red and swollen, and he is screaming in pain. The patient also states that he is having a hard time seeing. What is the EMT's priority concern in caring for this patient? Facial disfigurement Airway compromise Pain management Loss of vision

Airway compromise

Management of an injury caused by blunt trauma to the scrotum may include All of the above bleeding control. direct pressure. cold compresses.

All of the above

An elderly patient fell down a flight of basement stairs and is found at the bottom by family members about 20 minutes later. Your assessment reveals that the patient cannot feel painful stimuli to his hips and legs, nor can he move his legs, but he can feel you lightly touching the skin of his legs. Which type of injury may this be? Posterior cord syndrome Lateral cord syndrome Central cord syndrome Anterior cord syndrome

Anterior cord syndrome

You are called to a nursing home for an elderly male patient who is unresponsive. On arrival, you find the patient in a wheelchair with a noticeable hematoma to his forehead and a skin tear to his left wrist. Staff states that the patient had an episode of chest pain just before suddenly passing out and falling to the ground. What should you do immediately? Apply spine motion restriction precautions Initiate oxygen and look for other injuries the patient may have suffered Assume a cardiac event has occurred and apply oxygen Perform the primary assessment and apply supplemental oxygen

Apply spine motion restriction precautions

A patient complains of back pain and numbness to both legs after being thrown from a bicycle. When should the EMT first check the motor function, sensory function, and pulses in the legs of this patient? Immediately after taking manual spine motion restriction precautions Immediately after applying a cervical collar During the primary assessment As the secondary assessment is performed

As the secondary assessment is performed

The EMT is properly assessing for a spinal cord injury when she: Asks the patient if he has pain anywhere along his spinal column Palpates the entire spinal column for tenderness Asks the patient to spread his fingers apart on both hands Checks for distal pulses in all four extremities

Asks the patient to spread his fingers apart on both hands

Firefighters have pulled a middle-aged male from a burning bedroom. The patient is unresponsive and has obvious deformity of his left ankle. His respirations are rapid, stridorous, and shallow. Your partner inserts an oropharyngeal airway and begins ventilating the patient with a bag-valve mask appropriately. Which action would you perform next? Instruct your partner to hyperventilate the patient Find out how long the patient was in the burning structure Secure the left ankle to a board splint Assess the patient's carotid pulse

Assess the patient's carotid pulse

While on standby at a semi-professional baseball game, you are summoned onto the field at home plate for a player who complains of severe leg pain after colliding with the catcher of the opposing team. The primary assessment shows no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. The secondary assessment reveals a severely deformed knee that is swollen and ecchymotic. The leg is pale and cool, and the patient cannot move his leg when asked to do so. In addition, you cannot palpate a pedal pulse. What should the EMT's priority action be at this time? Apply cold packs to the knee and transport immediately Apply a traction splint and enough traction until a pulse returns Check the patient's radial or carotid pulse Attempt to straighten the leg until a pulse returns

Attempt to straighten the leg until a pulse returns

On scene, a paramedic directs you to help another EMS crew who is caring for a patient who was hit and trapped under a passenger van that ran into a crowd. As you approach the patient, which scene size-up clue seemingly indicates that the patient is suffering from traumatic asphyxia? Bilateral femur deformity Bluish discoloration to the neck and face Abdominal bruising and distention Wound to the chest making a sucking sound

Bluish discoloration to the neck and face

While evaluating a patient who experienced a fall, you note crepitus in the left forearm in the area of the wrist. Crepitus in the wrist is typically caused by: Tearing of muscles near the site Nitrogen bubbles in the joints Subcutaneous air pockets Bone ends grinding together

Bone ends grinding together

You are by the side of an 11-month-old female with a decreased level of consciousness. Caregivers will not provide an accurate history of how the child came to this condition, only that she was difficult to wake up this morning, about 30 minutes ago. When assessing the child, which finding would be most immediately concerning? Bruise to the head Lack of crying as you assess her Bradycardic heart rate Healing bruises on the lower legs

Bradycardic heart rate

A patient with Cushing reflex is most likely experiencing which pathophysiology? Concussion Hypovolemia Brain herniation Shock

Brain herniation

An injury to a hemisection of the spinal cord that disrupts the spinal tracts on only one side of the cord is: Posterior cord syndrome Anterior cord syndrome Central cord syndrome Brown-Séquard syndrome

Brown-Séquard syndrome

A 68-year-old female patient complains of a headache and generalized weakness. Her husband informs you that she was with a friend yesterday and was involved in a motor vehicle collision. She did strike her face on the dashboard, but refused treatment on scene. Her past medical history includes a stroke with right arm weakness and high blood pressure, for which she takes medications. When assessing this patient, which finding should concern the EMT most? Contusion to her left cheek area Weakness to the right-hand grip Bruising behind her left ear Complaint of pain when she moves her jaw

Bruising behind her left ear

Which finding, when considered individually, is most consistent with a basilar skull fracture? Bruising behind the ear Bilateral constricted pupils A hematoma over the frontal skull bone Altered mental status

Bruising behind the ear

A middle-aged male patient has been stabbed once in the right anterior chest. His airway is patent, respirations tachypneic, pulse weak and rapid, and skin cool and diaphoretic. Breath sounds are clear on the left and severely diminished on the right. JVD and tracheal deviation are present. His SpO2 is 93% on supplemental oxygen via BVM. The vital signs are pulse, 140 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 100/78 mmHg. Your next action should be to: Await the arrival of ALS to "burp" the dressing between ventilations Call for an ALS intercept en route to the ED and lift the dressing to see if air escapes during exhalation Attempt to relieve the tension while awaiting ALS arrival at the scene Initiate positive pressure ventilation utilizing FROPVD

Call for an ALS intercept en route to the ED and lift the dressing to see if air escapes during exhalation

When using an air splint, the EMT must remember that air splints: Should never be applied circumferentially Do not fully immobilize a possible fracture Can decrease circulation in the extremity Are contraindicated for joint injuries

Can decrease circulation in the extremity

A patient exhibits retrograde amnesia when she: Cannot remember falling and hitting her head Responds purposely to painful stimuli Is foggy about events occurring after the injury Is nonverbal following a head injury

Cannot remember falling and hitting her head

You have been called for an intoxicated male who sustained a full-thickness burn to his leg after passing out against a kerosene heater. After ensuring that his airway, breathing, and circulation are intact, you cool the burn with water and then: Carefully remove smoldering fabric that is adhered to the skin Cover the burn with a burn sheet soaked in warm sterile water Carefully wrap the burn with a dry sterile dressing Apply ice packs and secure in place with a sterile dressing

Carefully wrap the burn with a dry sterile dressing

While performing the primary assessment on a patient with an isolated spinal cord injury, you note that he is in severe respiratory distress and struggling to breathe. Where should you suspect the spinal cord injury has occurred? Diaphragm Cervical spine Thoracic spine Lumbar spine

Cervical spine

A patient has a burn that completely encircles his right forearm and hand. After performing the primary assessment, the EMT should: Evaluate and compare grip strength in the right and left hands Check for motor status, sensory status, and a pulse in the right upper extremity Ask the patient to rate the pain on a scale of 1 to 10 Carefully break the blisters to decrease the pressure caused by swelling

Check for motor status, sensory status, and a pulse in the right upper extremity

A restrained driver was in a car that struck another car from behind at a low rate of speed. The driver has a bruise to her forehead and complains of tingling in her left leg. She is lying on the side of the road, and another EMT has established manual cervical spine motion restriction precautions. A quick scan of her as you approach indicates that the patient is in little to no distress. What should you do first? Check her breathing and radial pulse Perform a secondary assessment Palpate her cervical spine and apply a cervical collar Administer high-concentration oxygen

Check her breathing and radial pulse

At the scene of a motor vehicle accident, a car has extensive front-end damage and a deformed steering wheel. The restrained driver, who was self-extricated, is in the care of EMRs, who have applied a cervical collar and continue to maintain spine motion restriction precautions. The patient's airway is patent and respirations adequate. His radial pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. The EMRs report the following vital signs: pulse, 136 beats/min; respirations, 20 breaths/min; blood pressure, 100/68 mmHg; and SpO2, 95% with supplemental O2 being administered. The right forearm is deformed, and the head, chest, and upper back are uninjured according to your assessment. Your next action would be to: Start positive pressure ventilation Repeat the vital signs Change the nonrebreather mask to a nasal cannula Check the abdomen for injury

Check the abdomen for injury

The EMT is correctly assessing a 2-year-old male patient who is unresponsive after being assaulted by the mother's live-in boyfriend when he: Checks the patient's brachial pulse Recognizes a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute as abnormal Takes the time to get a blood pressure Checks capillary refill time to help determine perfusion

Checks capillary refill time to help determine perfusion

Which bodily activity is a function of a voluntary muscle? Contraction of the heart Movement of food through the intestines Chewing food Release of hormones into the bloodstream

Chewing food

Which statement concerning a flash burn is accurate? Clothing will typically protect the skin from a flash burn A flash burn is the result of welding without proper protection A flash burn is caused by UV radiation Turnout gear does not provide adequate protection from a flash burn

Clothing will typically protect the skin from a flash burn

An elderly patient fell down a flight of stairs and now complains of neck and back pain as well as weakness to both legs. The primary assessment reveals no life threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. Manual cervical spine motion restriction is being maintained. What should the EMT do next? Apply high-concentration oxygen and move the patient to the stretcher for transport Complete the secondary assessment, looking for additional injuries Place an oral airway and begin positive pressure ventilation Place a cervical collar and secure the patient to the long spine board

Complete the secondary assessment, looking for additional injuries

Firefighters are extricating the driver of a small car that was struck broadside by a delivery truck at a moderate rate of speed. The patient was unrestrained, and the car sustained severe damage to the driver's side. As the male patient is pulled from the car, you note severe deformity to his left thigh area where an open femur fracture has been bleeding severely. Your primary assessment shows the patient to be responsive to painful stimuli, with an open airway and adequate breathing at 20 breaths per minute. His radial pulse is present but rapid at a rate of 124. After applying oxygen and stopping the leg bleed with direct pressure, the EMT should immediately: Examine the left leg Check for a pedal pulse in the left foot Conduct a rapid secondary assessment Apply a traction splint to the left leg

Conduct a rapid secondary assessment

A conscious and alert 32-year-old male was assaulted and struck in the jaw with a baseball bat. He complains of tremendous jaw pain and exhibits an unstable mandible. His airway is patent, breathing adequate, and radial pulse normal. In caring for this patient and his injury, you would: Wrap the neck and jaw securely with roller cling to stabilize the jaw Insert an OPA to assure airway patency Start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen Consider the need to implement spine motion restriction precautions

Consider the need to implement spine motion restriction precautions

An unrestrained female patient, who was involved in a minor motor vehicle collision, refuses EMS care or transport. She is seven months pregnant and is alert and oriented. When asked, she denies any complaint. Your best action would be to: Have her follow up with her obstetrician Contact medical direction for instructions Make contact with her obstetrician Have the police witness her signing the refusal-of-care form

Contact medical direction for instructions

A young adult male is in police custody after he crashed his car into a utility pole. There is minor front-end damage to the vehicle, and the air bags deployed. The patient was not wearing a seat belt and has an abrasion to his forehead. He is awake and oriented to person, time, and place. His speech is slurred and he has an odor resembling that of beer on his breath. The arresting officer states that he just wants you to check the patient before he transports him to jail. Given this scenario, which action seems most appropriate for the EMT to take? Contact medical direction with assessment findings Have the patient sign a refusal-of-care form if no threats exist Release the patient to the police since he is alert and oriented Have the officer sign a refusal-of-care form

Contact medical direction with assessment findings

You are assessing an elderly male patient who was trapped in a burning trailer. Which finding would be most indicative that he has an inhalation injury? Coughing of black sputum Heart rate of 126 beats/min Partial-thickness burn to the left side of the face Blood coming from the nose

Coughing of black sputum

A man grinding metal took his safety goggles off and was struck in the face with a shower of tiny metal fragments. He now complains of pain and visual disturbance in his right eye. When assessing the eye, you note that the globe is red, with several pieces of metal embedded in the tissue. Proper care of this patient would include: Covering the affected eye and applying a cold pack over it Attempting removal of the metal with a sterile swab Covering both eyes with a bandage Flushing the eye with a sterile saline solution

Covering both eyes with a bandage

A 24-year-old man was shocked while working on his house's electrical system. Assessment reveals a minor burn to the fingers on his left hand. Aside from being slightly shaky, the patient states he feels fine and does not see the need to be treated further or transported to the hospital. Which statement would you make before allowing him to refuse additional care and transport? A. "You really need to be evaluated in the hospital emergency department. The shock puts you at high risk for a stroke within the next 48 hours." B."You need to get the burn site cleaned to avoid infection. This can be done in the hospital emergency department." C. "Electrical burns typically increase in pain as time goes on. The hospital emergency department can give you pain medication." D. "It would be best to let the emergency physician check you out. Electrical shocks can damage the heart or other internal structures."

D. "It would be best to let the emergency physician check you out. Electrical shocks can damage the heart or other internal structures."

A young adult female was struck by a vehicle while she was riding her bicycle. She was not wearing a helmet. She is now unresponsive and has a deformity with a deep depression to the temporal area of the head. You do not see any bleeding, and the patient's scalp is intact. What is the greatest threat associated with this injury? Fracture of the temporal bone Damage to the brain Potential for infection Loss of cerebrospinal fluid

Damage to the brain

A patient fell and sustained an open fracture to the left humerus. However, assessment reveals the bone to have pulled back into the arm. Bleeding from the site is controlled. How will splinting the left arm benefit this patient? Decrease the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels Start the process of healing by aligning and connecting the bone ends Eliminate the possibility of infection through the open wound Convert the open fracture to a closed fracture and maintain it as such

Decrease the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels

Which assessment finding, in a 32-year-old female involved in a motor vehicle collision, should the EMT recognize as potentially life threatening? Deformity of the left femur Open fracture to the right forearm Dislocation of two fingers on the left hand Crepitus palpated to the right humerus

Deformity of the left femur

Which abdominal organ or structure, if seriously injured, would cause the most rapid death? Descending aorta Spleen Stomach Large intestine

Descending aorta

A young boy riding an ATV did not see a chain stretched between two poles and hit it with his neck while traveling forward. Subsequently, he was thrown backward from the vehicle with significant force. He was not wearing a helmet. Emergency Medical Responders are with the patient and are holding manual spine motion restriction as well as administering oxygen. When you are assessing this patient, which sign would indicate the injury that must be addressed and managed first? Difficulty speaking Laceration to the forehead Open fracture to the left arm Partially avulsed ear

Difficulty speaking

You have been called for a 42-year-old male who complains of back pain. At the scene, the man tells you that he was lying on the floor when his 5-year-old son unexpectedly jumped feet first onto his back. He gives a medical history of high blood pressure and asthma, for which he takes medications. As you assess the patient, which finding provides the greatest indication that the patient has sustained an abdominal injury? Bruise to his back Mild nausea Discoloration around the umbilicus Shortness of breath

Discoloration around the umbilicus

In an unstable multitrauma patient, when should minor musculoskeletal injuries be splinted? En route to the hospital if time perm Prior to leaving the scene They do not need to be splinted due to the severity of the patient's condition. Only at the request of the advanced life support provider if on scene or met en route

En route to the hospital if time perm

The parameters of the Glasgow Coma Scale are: Eyes, motor, and verbal response Vital signs and mental status Mental status, vital signs, and verbal response Verbal and motor response

Eyes, motor, and verbal response

A patient has swelling and deformity to the wrist. After splinting, in which position should the hand be placed? Fingers curled inward Fingers extended and spread Hand in a fist with thumb inside fist Wrist flexed with fingers extended

Fingers curled inward

A 21-year-old male has a gunshot wound to the head. As you assess him, which finding would you recognize as a nonpurposeful response to pain? Garbled and incomprehensible speech when you call his name Flexing his arms across his chest when you pinch his shoulder Attempting to move his hand away from you as you pinch it Exhibiting no response to any stimuli

Flexing his arms across his chest when you pinch his shoulder

A male patient has just been burned with hot water and has blisters on his left arm. The EMT would recognize that: This burn can be classified as superficial Fluid has collected between the layers of skin Medium and large blood vessels have ruptured This burn shows signs and symptoms of infection

Fluid has collected between the layers of skin

Which device can be used to replace the long spine board when providing full spine motion restriction precautions to an adult? Folding stair chair Full vacuum mattress Half spine board

Full vacuum mattress

A young male golfer has been struck in the right eye with a golf club. The upper and lower lids are swollen shut and ecchymotic. There are also blood clots between the two eyelids. What would be an indication that the EMT is providing proper care to this patient? He gently opens the lids to assess for injury to the eye He places a numbing medication in the eye He irrigates blood from the eye with sterile saline solution He wipes any remaining blood from the face but not the eye

He wipes any remaining blood from the face but not the eye

Which one of the following is not an indication for removing a helmet in a case of suspected head or spine injury? Helmet fits snugly Helmet interferes with assessment of the ABCs Patient goes into cardiac arrest Helmet fits loosely

Helmet fits snugly

A patient has referred pain to her left shoulder. What should the EMT suspect? Hemorrhage from the spleen Rupture of the small intestine Damage to the gallbladder Trauma to the right kidney

Hemorrhage from the spleen

Which finding indicates that a patient who received a blow to the head is suffering from something other than a simple concussion? He cannot remember what happened He asks the same questions over and over You Answered His heart rate is 92 beats/min and his blood pressure is 144/86 mmHg His pupils are noticeably unequal when assessed

His pupils are noticeably unequal when assessed

You have been called to a high school science lab, where a male student was splashed in the eye with an alkaline solution. The patient complains of burning to the eye as well as pain. After performing the primary assessment and finding no life-threatening conditions, you would: Obtain a set of vital signs and determine whether the patient is taking medications or has any past medical problems Determine the exact compound that the patient was splashed with and the appropriate chemical antidote Hold the patient's eye open and begin flushing with large amounts of tap water, and continue this intervention throughout transport Cover both eyes with eye shields and move the patient to the ambulance for immediate transport

Hold the patient's eye open and begin flushing with large amounts of tap water, and continue this intervention throughout transport

You are managing a patient with a large flail segment to the right lateral chest. With this condition, you should recognize that the immediate threat to life is: Infection Rib fractures Hypoxia Blood loss

Hypoxia

As brain herniation occurs, the body responds by: Increasing systolic blood pressure in an attempt to maintain perfusion to the brain Increasing the heart rate to more rapidly circulate oxygen-rich blood to the brain Decreasing blood pressure to decrease pressure within the skull, thereby improving blood flow Discharging cerebrospinal fluid to decrease pressure within the skull and improve perfusion

Increasing systolic blood pressure in an attempt to maintain perfusion to the brain

A worker in a factory complex has a sliver of metal lodged in the colored portion of his eye. The EMT would recognize the foreign body as lying in the: Cornea Iris Lens Sclera

Iris

Shoulder pain caused by blood irritating the diaphragm is called Kehr sign Babinski sign McRobert's sign. Kelly's sign.

Kehr sign

If a patient has severe retroperitoneal bleeding from an organ located within this cavity, she has most likely injured her: Stomach Liver Large intestine Kidney

Kidney

You suspect that a patient with an open pneumothorax may be developing a tension pneumothorax. Which action is critical given this situation? Lift one side of the dressing during exhalation Remove the occlusive dressing Ensure that all four sides of the dressing are taped Gently apply pressure to the chest during inhalation

Lift one side of the dressing during exhalation

A patient has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which solid organ should the EMT be most concerned with being injured? Liver Stomach Small intestine Kidney

Liver

An Emergency Medical Responder reports that a male patient, who was injured while playing football, has bruising to the lumbar region of the body. Based on this statement, the EMT should expect to find bruising in which area? Upper back Lower neck Lower back Buttocks

Lower back

Assessment of a 79-year-old female with a long history of medical complaints reveals tenderness and deformity to her left hip. Staff at the personal care home state that she slipped in some water and fell onto her buttocks. Currently, she is alert and oriented and describes the pain as 10/10. Regarding care of her leg, what is most appropriate care? Apply traction with a traction splint until the pain subsides Straighten the leg and splint it in that position Determine the presence of a pedal pulse, and then apply the traction splint Maintain the leg in the position found and transfer the patient to a long spine board

Maintain the leg in the position found and transfer the patient to a long spine board

What is the most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma? Motor vehicle crashes Falls Gunshot wounds Assaults

Motor vehicle crashes

While returning from a call, you are flagged down by a frantic family member of a 12-year-old male patient. She is standing in the yard, and reports that the child was shot in the abdomen and is now inside the house. She states that she has already called the police, who have not arrived yet, and that the shooter is another family member who has since left the scene. What is your best course of action? Go to the porch and have the patient brought to you Carefully look for scene hazards and enter once you feel safe Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive Cautiously enter the house and be ready to vacate if any hazards are found

Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive

A 3-year-old child has stuck a crayon in his nose. Assessment reveals the crayon to be deeply embedded in the right nostril, with some irritation and swelling noted. His vital signs are pulse, 124 beats/min; respiration, 20 breaths/min; and SpO2, 99%. What would be most appropriate action to take when caring for this child? Nonemergent transport to the hospital Supplemental oxygen Attempt removal of the crayon with forceps or tweezers Place a warm pack to the bridge of the nose

Nonemergent transport to the hospital

You have just arrived on the scene of a very serious motor vehicle collision. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) have rapidly extricated an unresponsive female from the driver's seat. The EMRs report that she was unrestrained and struck the steering wheel with her chest and abdomen. As you start the primary assessment, you note that the patient has snoring respirations and demonstrates shallow breathing at a rate of 24 breaths per minute. What should you do next? Obtain vital signs Secure the patient to backboard with a cervical collar placed Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver Start positive pressure ventilation

Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver

A paramedic has asked that you apply a dressing over a sucking chest wound. Which option is the best choice to cover this injury? Sterile gauze soaked in sterile water Petroleum gauze Dry sterile gauze dressing Clean washcloth

Petroleum gauze

A 14-year-old male fell 10 feet from a retaining wall and hit his head on a metal post. He is responsive to verbal stimuli with incomprehensible speech. The secondary assessment indicates blood and fluid coming from inside the patient's left ear. Given these assessment findings, the EMT should: Tilt the backboard to the left to allow the ear to drain freely Place a folded piece of gauze in the ear canal to stop the drainage Suction the blood from the ear so you can determine the source of bleeding Place a piece of sterile gauze over the ear to catch the fluid

Place a piece of sterile gauze over the ear to catch the fluid

A 16-year-old male has been struck in the genitalia by a baseball. Assessment indicates a tremendous amount of edema as well as hematoma formation and bruising to his scrotum. The primary assessment reveals no life-threatening conditions; however, the patient is crying and rates the pain as 10/10. Which action is most appropriate for this patient? Rapid transport using lights and sirens Application of warm packs to the scrotum Apply direct pressure to the site of injury Place cool compresses to the testicles

Place cool compresses to the testicles

An industrial worker sustained partial- and full-thickness burns to his right hand after accidentally touching an electric furnace used to incinerate medical waste. Assessment reveals no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. Which action would the EMT perform next? Pour cool saline water on the hand Apply an antibiotic ointment to the burn Open any blisters to relieve pressure on the burned tissue beneath Gently clean dead skin away from the burn

Pour cool saline water on the hand

Why are premature uterine contractions of concern in the pregnant trauma victim? Premature contractions can cause the release of oxytocin, which can start labo Contractions can cause an artificially high blood pressure reading. Premature contractions may result in supine hypotensive syndrome. Adequate pain medication is not available in the prehospital setting.

Premature contractions can cause the release of oxytocin, which can start labo

A 36-year-old male patient was involved in an altercation and now has a 2-inch laceration from a knife to the right side of his neck. Bleeding was controlled prior to your arrival by Emergency Medical Responders. Your paramedic partner has asked you to apply an occlusive dressing to the wound. You recognize that the primary benefit of the action is to: Prevent the cervical collar from touching the wound, if one is applied Control the bleeding from large blood vessels so the patient does not become hypotensive Prevent air entry into the circulatory system Promote clot formation so as to stop bleeding

Prevent air entry into the circulatory system

Assessment of a young girl who was hit by a car while riding her bike reveals her to be responsive to painful stimuli with flexion of the extremities; she is also in respiratory distress. There is marked deformity to her thoracic spine and bruising noted to her anterior chest and abdomen. She does not move her legs when a noxious stimulus is applied to the lower extremities. Manual cervical spine motion restriction is being maintained and a cervical collar has been applied by fire department EMRs. Given the critical nature of this patient, which action is most appropriate for her care? Rapidly transfer her to the stretcher and secure her to the long board while en route to the hospital Transfer her to the long board already placed on the stretcher and secure with straps en route to the hospital Quickly but carefully provide full spine motion restriction precautions on scene prior to rapid transport to the hospital Wait for family members to arrive and give consent for treatment prior to moving her to the stretcher for immediate transport

Quickly but carefully provide full spine motion restriction precautions on scene prior to rapid transport to the hospital

A young male patient has self-extricated from his vehicle after hitting a telephone pole and rolling his car several times at a high rate of speed. He is spitting blood and has a large area of tenderness and soft tissue injury to the left side of his chest. On scene, you did not observe any paradoxical motion of the chest wall. The patient remains alert and oriented with stable vital signs, but continually complains of painful breathing. During transport, what is it essential that you do? Reassess for paradoxical motion of the chest wall Start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen Place a nonporous dressing and ice packs to the injured area Apply bulky dressings to the area of chest injury

Reassess for paradoxical motion of the chest wall

A frantic mother dialed 911 for her 3-year-old daughter, who stuck a small, dried bean into her ear. Assessment shows the bean to be lodged firmly in the ear canal. When treating this patient, the EMT would: Make one attempt to remove the bean with tweezers Gently flush the ear canal with sterile water until the bean is dislodged Reassure the mother and transport the patient to the emergency department Have the patient follow up with her family physician

Reassure the mother and transport the patient to the emergency department

A patient with evisceration becomes tachycardic, cool, and hypotensive during transport. What would your next action be? Reevaluate the patient's priority status and expedite transport. Replace the dressing. Support the injury with the patient's arm Loosen one corner of the dressing.

Reevaluate the patient's priority status and expedite transport.

When applying a cervical collar to a young boy who fell out of a tree, the EMT realizes the main purpose of the collar is to: Prevent the head and neck from moving Maintain spine motion restriction Increase the blood flow to the spinal cord in the cervical region Remind the patient not to move his head or neck

Remind the patient not to move his head or neck

Why would an EMT be concerned about a partial-thickness burn circumferentially to the chest? Impact on the heart Large burn area Restriction of breathing Lung tissue involvement

Restriction of breathing

A leading cause of death in children younger than 14 years could be prevented by: You Answered Better parental supervision Wearing helmets while riding motorcycles Safer driving of vehicles Prevention of child abuse

Safer driving of vehicles

When assessing a male patient who was punched in the face by another man, you detect blood in the white portion of his eye. Which optical structure has been injured? Sclera Cornea Lens Retina

Sclera

The best way to detect contact lenses for removal is to: Shine a penlight into each eye at a slight angle and look for a shadow Turn on the overhead lights and look for your reflection over the iris Lightly run a gloved finger across the globe of the eye and sweep any lens to the corner Apply a sterile contact lens detector over the iris

Shine a penlight into each eye at a slight angle and look for a shadow

What is an emergency care measure for a patient with a possible bone fracture that can be an effective means to reduce pain? Administering oxygen Applying warm packs to the fracture site Splinting the fracture Gently massaging the injury site

Splinting the fracture

A 61-year-old male fell off a roof. Your primary assessment findings include unresponsiveness, agonal breathing, and a slow and weak radial pulse. The patient's skin is cool and dry. Emergency Medical Responders are maintaining manual spine motion restriction procedures. What should you do immediately? Size and apply a cervical collar Place the patient in the shock position Start positive pressure ventilation Apply oxygen via a nonrebreather mask

Start positive pressure ventilation

An unrestrained 32-year-old female motorist hit a utility pole head-on at 45 mph. The car sustained extensive damage. The patient has an open airway, is breathing poorly at 32 breaths per minute with absent alveolar breath sounds, and is responsive to painful stimuli. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak, and her skin is cool and cyanotic. Breath sounds are decreased on the right side. Emergency Medical Responders are initiating spine motion restriction precautions. Your next action would be to: Examine the patient for additional injuries Start positive pressure ventilation Palpate the chest wall for instability Place a cervical collar

Start positive pressure ventilation

You have been called by family members for their mother, who is "not acting right." At the scene, the family informs you that they are concerned because their 68-year-old mother has been complaining of a headache for two days and is now very confused. When asking about a bruise on the right side of her forehead, the family states she fell in church a week ago and hit her head. Since all other aspects of the assessment are unremarkable, you suspect a head injury. Which type of injury would you suspect given the findings and history? Subdural hematoma Epidural hematoma Cerebral concussion Cerebral contusion

Subdural hematoma

A patient has sustained a large abdominal evisceration, such that a large portion of intestines are now exposed. After properly managing this injury, you are preparing the patient for transport. You ascertain that there is no evidence of spinal injury. How should you place the patient on the stretcher for transport? Prone position, to maintain pressure on the abdomen Semi-Fowler's position, to promote adequate breathing Lateral recumbent position with legs extended Supine position, with knees and hips flexed

Supine position, with knees and hips flexed

You have been called for a patient with severe back pain. When you are obtaining a medical history, the patient tells you that he has a history of damaged disks in his vertebrae. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that: The ligaments on the side of the spinal column were overstretched The vertebrae making up the spinal column were fractured The nerves making up the spinal cord have been damaged The fluid-filled structures between the vertebrae have been injured

The fluid-filled structures between the vertebrae have been injured

The release of myoglobin into the blood, caused by an electrical burn, can result in failure of: The circulatory system The kidneys Nerve endings near the burn location White blood cell production

The kidneys

In which area of the spinal column do the ribs originate? Cervical spine Thoracic spine Lumbar spine Sacral spine

Thoracic spine

A 62-year-old female with severe kyphosis fell and hit the back of her head, which is now oozing blood from a small laceration. Family members state that she suddenly complained of a "very bad headache" before collapsing to the kitchen floor. She has snoring respirations and cyanosis in the extremities. Which intervention should you perform first? Apply a cervical collar Use a jaw-thrust maneuver Start positive pressure ventilation Cover the laceration

Use a jaw-thrust maneuver

Which statement regarding voluntary muscles is true? Voluntary muscles are primarily located on the torso Voluntary muscles are composed of less tissue mass compared to involuntary muscles Voluntary muscles produce movement by extending in most circumstances Voluntary muscles generally connect to the bones of the skeletal system

Voluntary muscles generally connect to the bones of the skeletal system

The most common cause of cardiac tamponade is a stab wound to the heart. a fall from a ladder. an explosion. a shotgun wound to the chest.

a stab wound to the heart.

When a patient presents with jugular venous distention, respiratory distress, and hypotension following a closed chest injury, the EMT should suspect a sucking chest wound. subcutaneous emphysema. a tension pneumothorax. rib fractures.

a tension pneumothorax.

Your patient is the driver of a car that was hit head on. You find her lying on the sidewalk with her knees drawn toward her chest. She has no specific complaints. You suspect abdominal trauma due to the mechanism of injury and patient positioning. little or no injury because the patient has gotten out of the car cavitational injuries due to the mechanism of injury. paradoxical motion due to the patient positioning.

abdominal trauma due to the mechanism of injury and patient positioning.

A 36-year-old pregnant woman was the driver of a car that struck a tree while traveling at a slow speed. The patient is complaining of severe tearing abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. The most likely injury to this patient is abruptio placentae. lacerated liver. placenta previa. lacerated placenta.

abruptio placentae.

All of the following are important factors to consider in determining burn severity except ambient environmental temperature. percentage of body surface area involved. location of the burn. patient age and preexisting medical conditions.

ambient environmental temperature.

The correct emergency treatment for profuse bleeding with facial injuries includes application of direct pressure. application of alum. application of cold packs. application of heat packs.

application of direct pressure.

In managing a burn correctly, an EMT may take all of the following steps except apply ointments or sprays. apply dry, sterile dressings. keep the patient warm. keep the burn site clean.

apply ointments or sprays.

The weakest portion of the skull, which is made up of many separate bones, is called the basilar skull. temporal skull. parietal skull. occipital skull.

basilar skull.

Abdominal aortic injury may cause the pulses of the lower extremity be weaker than the upper extremities. be stronger and bounding. be different on each foot. be easier to detect.

be weaker than the upper extremities.

All of the following are signs and symptoms of major chest trauma except bradycardia. paradoxical movement. cyanosis. hemoptysis.

bradycardia.

There are three kinds of muscle: voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac. periosteum. flexible. skeletal.

cardiac.

The damage that results from ruptured hollow abdominal organs is caused by acids and bacteria. not life threatening. treatable in the field. caused by profuse bleeding.

caused by acids and bacteria.

Within the skull, the brain is cushioned in a dense serous substance called cerebrospinal fluid. meningeal fluid. pericardial fluid. peritoneal fluid.

cerebrospinal fluid.

To help maintain spine motion restriction during extrication of a patient with suspected spinal injury, the device that an EMT would apply first is the cervical collar. short spine board. long spine board. Kendrick extrication device.

cervical collar.

All of the following are signs of child abuse except children with scrapes to the elbows and knees. bruises or burns in unusual shapes and locations. more injuries than usual for a child that same age. an injury that does not correlate with the cause provided.

children with scrapes to the elbows and knees.

A burn that encircles a body area such as the chest, an arm, or a leg is called circumferential. full thickness. immersional. severe.

circumferential.

Another term for the collarbone is the clavicle humerus scapula patella

clavicle

A head injury in which the scalp is lacerated but there is no opening in the skull is a(n) closed head injury. open head injury. epidural hematoma. subdural hematoma.

closed head injury.

The thin covering of the inner eyelids is called the conjunctiva. sclera. retina orbit.

conjunctiva.

The bruising and swelling of brain tissue that may accompany concussion is called a(n) contusion. stroke. epidural rupture. subdural avulsion.

contusion.

The sound or feel of broken bone fragments grinding together is referred to as crepitus stridor. assonance. dissonance.

crepitus

When administering emergency medical care to a burn patient, clothing that has adhered to a burned area should be cut around and left in place covered with an antiseptic ointment. covered with a dry, sterile dressing carefully removed from the burned skin.

cut around and left in place

Burns are classified according to depth of the injury. location of the injury. type of heat involved. amount of heat involved.

depth of the injury.

The abdominal cavity is separated from the chest cavity by the diaphragm. stomach. lower ribs. pelvis.

diaphragm.

The displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint is a dislocation strain fracture sprain

dislocation

An injury to a joint in which the bone ends become separated from each other is called a(n dislocation. angulation. sprain. fracture.

dislocation.

The mechanism of injury in which the vertebrae and spinal cord are stretched and pulled apart is called distraction. extension. rotation. flexion.

distraction.

The three layers of the skin are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous. outer dermis, dermis, and hypodermis. endodermis, dermis, and muscle tissue. mid-dermis, dermis, and hypodermis.

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous.

The extreme emergency following a skull fracture in which arterial bleeding pools between the skull and the outermost protective covering of the brain is called a(n) epidural hematoma. contusion. subdural hematoma. laceration.

epidural hematoma.

An eye injury that involves an eye being pulled out of its socket is called a(n) extrusion. evisceration. orbital fracture. periorbital ecchymosis.

extrusion.

Geriatric patients are most commonly injured by falls. snow removal. auto accidents. abuse.

falls.

Use of a traction splint is indicated for a painful, swollen, deformed femur ankle hip elbow

femur

Sports helmets most typically open in the front back. left side. right side.

front

Absence of pain in a patient with a severe burn is most commonly associated with a full-thickness burn. superficial burn. first-degree burn. deep partial-thickness burn.

full-thickness burn.

A collection of blood within the skull or brain tissue is called a hematoma. contusion concussion. laceration.

hematoma.

All of the following are signs of Cushing's reflex except a(n) increase in heart rate. change in respiratory status. contusion. stroke.

increase in heart rate.

Definitive care for the victim of multisystem trauma is most often provided in the surgery suite. requires administration of whole blood. is not available to 95 percent of the U.S. population. is the goal of prehospital care.

is most often provided in the surgery suite.

The portion of the eye that focuses light to the retina is the lens. iris. cornea. pupil.

lens.

Blood pressure readings in children ______ are unreliable due to their ability to compensate. less than 3 years old less than 10 years old less than 6 months old less than 1 year old

less than 3 years old

If a patient develops respiratory distress after an occlusive dressing has been applied to a chest wound, the EMT should lift a corner of the dressing to allow pressure to escape. continue monitoring, as this reaction is to be expected. begin assisting breathing with positive pressure ventilation. cover the wound with more dressings.

lift a corner of the dressing to allow pressure to escape.

All of the following are hollow organs except the liver. urinary bladder. stomach. gallbladder.

liver.

The move used to place a supine patient onto a long backboard for motion restriction is the log roll. blanket drag. armpit-forearm drag. firefighter's lift.

log roll.

The facial bone that is not fused into immovable joints is the mandible. malar temporal bone. maxillae.

mandible.

In the prehospital environment, the two most likely types of helmets to be encountered are the sports helmet and the motorcycle helmet. football helmet. flight helmet. military helmet.

motorcycle helmet.

Patients are considered to have multisystem trauma when more than ______ major system(s) is (are) involved one two three four

one

An injury in which the skin over a fracture site is broken may be described as a(n) open injury. closed fracture. vertical injury. compromised injury.

open injury.

Probably the most common and reliable sign of spinal cord injury in conscious patients is paralysis of the extremity raccoon sign. Battle's sign. pupil dilation.

paralysis of the extremity

A burn in which the epidermis and dermis are damaged is known as a partial-thickness burn superficial burn. full-thickness burn. deep superficial burn.

partial-thickness burn

The part of the nervous system located outside of the brain and spinal cord that detects sensations such as pain is the peripheral nervous system. autonomic nervous system. central nervous system. involuntary nervous system.

peripheral nervous system.

When the EMT is dealing with a patient who has experienced an electrical burn, the primary concern should be personal safety. patient care. rapid AED use. bystander history.

personal safety.

A primary treatment for a patient with chemical burns to the eye is plentiful irrigation. bandaging only the injured eye. covering both eyes with dry dressings covering both eyes with soaked gauze pads.

plentiful irrigation.

The appropriate time to initiate motion restriction of the cervical spine in the trauma victim is prior to opening the airway. after opening the airway. during transport. after insertion of an oropharyngeal airway.

prior to opening the airway.

Because of the scalp's rich blood supply, one likely result of a scalp injury is profuse bleeding. Battle's sign. cerebroscerebrospinal fluid leaking from the nose. bleeding from the ears.

profuse bleeding.

After taking Standard Precautions, the first step in providing emergency care to a patient with skull fractures and brain injuries is to provide manual spine motion restriction of the head. apply a cervical collar. control bleeding with direct pressure. transport the patient immediately

provide manual spine motion restriction of the head.

If a patient tries to move away from or remove a painful stimulus, this response is termed purposeful movement. nonpurposeful movement. catatonic movement. decorticate movement.

purposeful movement.

During traumatic asphyxia there is rapid decrease in pressure in the chest. slow increase in pressure in the chest. slow decrease in pressure in the chest. rapid increase in pressure in the chest.

rapid increase in pressure in the chest.

A partial-thickness (second-degree) burn will appear reddened. dark brown. charred. black.

reddened.

A pulmonary contusion can be life threatening because it can cause a hemorrhage into the trachea take up space needed by the heart to contract. penetrate the lung. reduce oxygen exchange via the alveoli.

reduce oxygen exchange via the alveoli.

The most serious problem usually associated with electrical shocks is respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. hypothermia internal bleeding. hypertension.

respiratory and/or cardiac arrest.

The respiratory and circulatory organs are protected primarily by the clavicles. mediastinum. ribs. venae cavae.

ribs.

In a cardiac contusion the area of the heart most likely to be injured is the left ventricle. left atrium. right atrium. right ventricle.

right ventricle.

One method that the EMT can use to estimate the body surface area damaged by a burn is the rule of nines. BSC rule. rule of sixes. plantar system.

rule of nines.

An appropriate irrigant for an EMT to use for a chemical burn is saline. diluted vinegar. alcohol. sodium bicarbonate.

saline.

The bones of the lower extremities include all of the following except the scapula pelvis patella femur

scapula

The globe of the eye, or eyeball, is a sphere approximately 1 inch in diameter that is covered with a tough outer coat called the sclera. iris. cornea. pupil.

sclera.

When dealing with multisystem trauma, spine motion restriction should be initiated as soon as possible if warranted. should be initiated only after all injuries have been identified should be initiated only after you determine the patient has an altered level of consciousness does not need to be initiated with critical patients.

should be initiated as soon as possible if warranted.

Clear or bloody fluid draining from the ear can indicate a skull fracture. dangerously high fever. foreign body. flexion injury.

skull fracture.

A screwdriver impaled in the chest should be managed by removing it and covering the wound with a pressure dress applying Vaseline around the screwdriver to seal the edge. removing it and covering the wound with an occlusive dressing. stabilizing it with a bulky dressing.

stabilizing it with a bulky dressing.

The innermost layer of the skin is the subcutaneous endodermis. epidermis. dermis.

subcutaneous

When securing a patient to a short spine board or flexible extrication device, you should first secure the torso. legs. shoulders. head.

torso.

The mechanism that operates when one part of an extremity is held stationary while the rest rotates is torsional force. twisting force. direct force. indirect force.

twisting force.

The splints that are initially soft and pliable and are easily shaped for use with deformed extremities are called vacuum splints. traction splints. box splints. long bone splints.

vacuum splints.

Management of a female patient who has suffered a laceration to the genital area will include all of the following except vaginal packing. assessment for hypoperfusion. direct pressure. use of a sanitary pad.

vaginal packing.

The signs and symptoms of orbital fracture include all of the following except vision improvement. double vision. nasal discharge. tenderness to palpation.

vision improvement.

In cases of chemical burns to the eyes, the EMT should lood the eyes with water vinegar baking soda and water hydrogen peroxide solution.

water

A flail segment occurs with fracture of two or more ribs in two or more places. after a pneumothorax. when initiated by paradoxical motion. only from bullet or knife wounds.

with fracture of two or more ribs in two or more places.