EMT Chapter 28 Abdominal & Genitourinary Injuries

The mesentery is: A. a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body. B. a complex network of blood vessels that supply blood to the liver. C. a layer of thick skeletal muscles that protects the abdominal organs. D. the point of attachment between the small and large intestines.

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie: A. across the abdominal wall at the level of the diaphragm and below the hip joints. B. above the anterior posterior iliac spines of the pelvis and below the hip joints. C. across the abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus and against the hip joints. D. below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

A football player was struck by another player in the right flank area just below the posterior rib cage. He complains of severe pain and point tenderness to the area. Your assessment reveals that there is a small amount of blood in his underwear. You should be MOST suspicious for: A. external genitalia injury. Incorrect B. a lacerated liver or spleen. Incorrect C. a ruptured urinary bladder. Incorrect D. blunt injury to the kidney. Correct

blunt injury to the kidney.

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured: A. spleen. B. diaphragm. C. aorta. D. stomach.

diaphragm.

Contraction or tensing of the abdominal muscles in an effort to ease pain is called: A. withdrawing. B. flexing. C. referring. D. guarding.

guarding.

A sign of kidney damage following blunt trauma is: A. hemoptysis. B. hematemesis. C. hematochezia. D. hematuria.

hematuria.

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask, and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: A. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min. B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device. C. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed. D. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status.

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of: A. rupture of a hollow organ. B. a severe liver laceration. C. intra-abdominal bleeding. D. a ruptured spleen.

intra-abdominal bleeding.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if: A. the patient is conscious. B. there are other patients involved. C. law enforcement is at the scene. D. the severity of the injury is known.

law enforcement is at the scene.

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured? A. bladder B. stomach C. intestine D. liver

liver

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy: A. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart. B. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort. C. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression. D. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full.

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen: A. it commonly protrudes through the injury site. B. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock. C. the abdomen will become instantly distended. D. peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct? A. The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding. B. The liver is well protected and is rarely injured during a traumatic event. C. Most of the vital abdominal organs lie within the retroperitoneal space. D. Hollow abdominal organs are vascular and bleed profusely when injured.

The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct? A. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss. B. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist. C. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant. D. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration.

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain following blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A. giving him small sips of plain water. B. covering him with a warm blanket. C. promptly transporting to the hospital. D. administering supplemental oxygen.

giving him small sips of plain water.

Air bags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are MOST beneficial when a person is involved in a: A. rollover crash. B. head-on crash. C. lateral collision. D. rear-end collision.

head-on crash.

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT for the: A. liver. B. bladder. C. stomach. D. ureters.

liver.

A 22-year-old male was punched in the abdomen several times. You find him lying on his left side with his knees drawn up. He is conscious and alert and complains of increased pain and nausea when he tries to straighten his legs. His blood pressure is 142/82 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. In addition to administering high-flow oxygen, you should: A. apply full spinal motion restriction precautions. B. place him supine but allow him to keep his knees bent. C. transport him in the position in which you found him. D. keep him on his side but gently straighten his legs.

transport him in the position in which you found him.

Which of the following organs is at MOST risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? A. liver or spleen B. pancreas C. urinary bladder D. fallopian tubes

urinary bladder

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: A. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing. B. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication. C. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings.

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.